Analysis of Factors Influencing Forest Farmers' Enthusiasm for Forest Culture and Management after the Completion of Reform of Collective Forest Right System

Taking Jiangshan City in Zhejiang Province for example,this article uses the binary logit choice model based on the field survey data,to study the factors influencing forest farmers'enthusiasm for forest culture and management after the completion of reform of collective forest right.Finally the following recommendations are put forth:further improving and implementing the forest ecological benefit compensation fund system;reforming the felling management mode and gradually establishing the sustainable forest management system based on forest management plan;improving the technology,market and information services to strengthen the forestry science and technology support;developing the specialty industries such as the bamboo industry and oil-tea camellia industry;developing the under-forest economy and cultivating the underforest industries with characteristics based on the local circumstances.

Study on Farmers' Cognition and Willingness to Plant Trees during Collective Forest Right Reform Based on Data from Plain Areas of Henan Province

On the basis of the survey data from plain areas of Henan Province,farmers' cognition and willingness to plant trees in collective forest right reform are studied. According to statistical analysis and regression equation of binary logistic regress analysis,it is generally believed that different participants have various attitudes to the reform,with regard to if planting trees or more,reform variables have a distinct effect,as well as income variable and loaning or lending variable. At last,some advices are put forward,that is,the government should strengthen collective forest right reform,accelerate matching reform and increase policy and financial support to forestry farmers.

System Change of Collective Forest Tenure Oriented to Deepening the Reform

We firstly introduce development background of new collective forest tenure reform.The situations indicate that the collective forest tenure reform has already stepped into comprehensive and in-depth stage.However,due to neglect of local demands and actual conditions,there appear problems of low operating efficiency of supporting measures and relevant policies and little effect of in-depth reform.Therefore,it is required to strictly distinguish the relation between system change of collective forest tenure and the in-depth reform.For the purpose of in-depth reform,in accordance with local situations of forest farmers and forestry organizations,requirements for system,as well as local reform conditions,we strictly divide system change of collective forest tenure into three types:induced institutional change,hidden induced institutional change and imposed institutional change.Then,we divide the imposed institutional change into weak institutional change and pure strong institutional change.

Non-timber forest products and household incomes in Bonga forest area,southwestern Ethiopia

We identified the major non-timber forest products （NTFPs）, their contributions to household incomes, and the determinants influenc-ing engagement of households in using NTFPs in the Bonga forest area of Gimbo and Decha Districts of Kaffa Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Six Kebeles （the lowest administrative unit in Ethiopia） were sampled from two Districts and 150 households were randomly sampled using propor-tional-to-size techniques based on the number of farm households in each Kebele. Secondary data were collected from and focus group discussions were conducted with selected individuals. The farmers diversified liveli-hood activities such as crop and livestock production, collection of NTFPs and off-farm activities. NTFPs played a significant role in household incomes. The contribution from the major NTFPs （forest coffee, honey and spices） accounted for 47% of annual household in-come. The role of NTFPs was influenced by a number of factors. Vari-ables including being native to the area （＋）, total land holding （＋）, pos-session of livestock （＋） and access to extension （＋） significantly affected forest coffee production. Age of household head （-）, land holding （＋） and distance of the market from the residence （-） significantly affected honey production. Size of landholding （＋）, distance to market （-） and distance of the forest from the residence （-） were significant variables determining the NTFP incomes derived by the households. Attention is needed in the design of policies and strategies for the well-being of households to the contribution of NTFPs to local incomes and the variables that affect the collection of NTFPs must be considered.

Assessment of Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Phnom Tbeng Forest Based on Socio-Economic Surveys

Carbon emission reductions through reducing deforestation and forest degradation or REDD+ scheme of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change could not be achieved without understanding the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation. Until recently, only a handful of study has focused on such drivers. Cambodia experienced rapid deforestation and forest degradation despite growing international interests in protecting forests for carbon revenue generation. This paper was designed to assess livelihood of forest-dependent community and drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Cambodia. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect socio-economic data from 42 households living in Phnom Tbeng forest, where annual deforestation rate was about 2.4% between 2004 and 2009. Our results suggest that local people depend on forests for income generation, subsistence use and social identity. About 90% of the respondents believed that deforestation was resulted from illegal logging, slush and burn agricultural practices, land clearing for large plantation, land encroachment, firewood extraction, charcoal production and forest fire. As the population has increased rapidly and almost 100% of local people depend on fuelwood for cooking, fuelwood collection will continue to cause deforestation and forest degradation unless alternative sources of affordable energy are provided. Appropriate policy interventions should be proposed to reduce the drivers obtained in this study because if drivers cannot be reduced, it is not possible to reduce deforestation and forest degradation, and related carbon emissions.

The Challenge of Crafting Institutions for the Commons： The Case of Community Forestry Support Programs in Mexico 2003-2008

Mexico forest tenure structure is known worldwide for its progressive approach of giving local communities full property rights to set a robust support to sustainable livelihoods in forested areas. Most forest areas in Mexico are owned by local communities either through the ejido, agrarian indigenous community or groups of small owners. In the last 30 years, many forest communities explored forest production at a commercial scale, creating their own communal forestry business and concurring to national markets with their timber and non-timber products. The socio-economical impacts of this approach were tremendous, steadily improving communities living standards. This success prompted rural organizations to ask the Mexican government to launch programs to expand the ＂community forestry＂ model. With international assistance from the World Bank and other agencies, the government of Mexico launched three different programs to foster forest commons： the Forest Conservation and Management Program, the Indigenous, Communities and Biodiversity Project and the Mexican part of the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor. Performance of these programs has been assessed through the World Bank evaluation framework, but the question about their environmental impact or even about their environmental sustainability and therefore their validity as national policies has been scantily explored and practically not debated. To contribute to answering these questions, the author made an extensive analysis of their impact over forest cover during the 2003-2008 period using land cover maps and correlated them with institutional development variables, building a social organization and collective action index （SOCAI）, following Elinor Ostrom institutional analysis and development framework （lAD）.

深化集体林权制度改革的再思考

对中国三次集体林权制度改革进行概述,分析林业发展环境的变化,提出深化林业改革的主要任务和策略。研究表明:当前中国森林主要作用、林权利用方式、林产品原料来源发生了变化;新一轮集体林改主导者和目标发生了变化,林改成果的评价内容也发生了变化,新一轮林改是从调动农民经营林业的积极性延展到动员全社会参与林业发展,让全社会支持林业发展延展到让林业更好地满足全社会需要;新一轮林改需要持续创新林业协同发展体制、改革森林采伐管理制度、构建林权流转监管和服务平台、创新生态服务价值实现机制、健全生态经济兼顾的林业政策体系。

湖南省权益类森林生态产品价值实现的问题与对策

权益类森林生态产品是一类需要政府赋权和确权并通过市场实现生态价值的生态产品,具有不完全的排他性和竞争性特征,依靠政府与市场共同作用实现生态价值。湖南省探索开发了林业碳汇项目、集体林权、林权抵押贷款等三种权益类森林生态产品,取得了积极成效,但依然在运行机制、配套政策等方面存在亟待解决的问题。政府应当采取优化林业碳汇项目开发、推动集体林权交易监管协同、打通林权抵押贷款通道等举措,推动权益类森林生态产品价值实现。

集体林权制度下的安吉竹林经营认证模式探索与实践

分析了安吉县林业生产与社会经济条件、竹林认证历程和认证模式,阐述了集体林权制度下安吉县毛竹股份合作社的组织形式、经营管理与“协会+合作社”模式开展竹林经营认证的运行机制,总结了“协会+合作社”模式开展竹林经营认证对提高竹林经济效益、促进竹林生态效益、加快农村城镇建设进程中的作用。提出在当前我国南方集体林权制度下引入新型竹林经营主体、推进竹林专业化经营、健全竹林经营管理体系,对开展竹林经营认证有积极作用。安吉县以“协会+合作社”开展竹林经营认证,对促进我国南方集体林权制度下的林业可持续发展具有示范作用。

“两山”理念与集体林权制度改革新格局构建

在阐述“两山”理念的本质与重要体现的基础上,理解其推动指导集体林权制度改革的现实意义,分析了集体林权制度改革的成效和问题,以及集体林权制度改革新格局构建的系统思维,“创新引领、科学先行”和“尊重农民意愿、保护农民权益”的原则,从为推进乡村振兴赋能助力、为推进共同富裕筑好平台以及为推进生态文明建设再立新功3个维度探讨了集体林权制度改革新格局构建的路径。

深化集体林权制度改革阶段内蒙古林农林业生产经营的动力机制

集体林权制度改革关系国家生态安全和亿万农民福祉。在当前深化集体林权制度改革阶段,通过分析林农林业生产经营的动力因素,得出林农生产经营的动力机制,提出提升林农生产经营动力的对策建议,以期进一步激发林农生产经营的活力,从而促进森林资源持续增长和林农收入持续增加。

习近平关于集体林权制度改革重要论述的生成逻辑、科学内涵与践行路径

党的十八大以来,习近平始终重视、高度关心集体林权制度改革,把集体林权制度改革工作摆在生态文明建设和林业改革发展的重要位置。习近平坚持以马克思林业经济理论为指导,赓续中华优秀传统林业文化,继承、发展历代中国共产党人林业改革经验,回应建设林业现代化时代呼唤,围绕集体林权制度改革工作的改革方向、内生动力、价值归旨、改革基调、问题导向、拓宽机制等方面提出一系列重要论述。在深入阐释习近平关于集体林权制度改革重要论述的基础上,提出构建科学的森林经营体系,统筹高质量发展与高水平保护;发展林业适度规模经营,提升林业发展质效;畅通“两山”转化通道,充分释放林业内生价值;依靠制度刚性精准落实,以林长制促“林长治”等践行路径。

电能计量异常处理方案的研究与分析

电力作为人们日常生产和生活的主要能源之一,其计量的准确性和稳定性直接关系到多方的经济利益.为提高电能计量准确性,文章提出了一种基于改进孤立森林算法的电能计量异常检测方法,并将该方法与未改进的孤立森林算法进行了实验对比,实验证明,文章提出的方法在电能计量异常检测中有着更好的性能.

老龄化、要素配置与农户集体林种植决策

基于国家林业和草原局“集体林权制度改革监测”数据与贵州省农户调查数据,实证分析农户老龄化对集体林种植决策的影响,并进一步探究农地经营规模的调节效应与要素配置的中介效应。结果表明:老年农户经济林种植比例明显低于非老年农户,劳动力老龄化显著降低集体林中经济林比例;老年农户经营的农地规模越大,对种植经济林的负向激励就越大,劳动力老龄化对集体林中经济林比例的影响明显受到农地经营规模的调节作用;老年农户分别通过减少林地种植劳动投入和增强林地持有意愿,降低集体林中经济林比例,劳动力老龄化加大农户集体林种植的劳动力约束与林地流转约束,强化农户经济林种植的负向激励。据此,建议推进林地种植社会化服务,加大对新型林业经营主体培育力度,不断优化林地要素配置与林业发展功能区划。

习近平关于集体林权制度改革重要论述的生成逻辑、实践指向及价值意蕴

基于马克思主义产权理论、中国共产党领导的百年林业改革发展经验和新时代推进林业高质量发展的现实需要等3个层面分析习近平关于集体林权制度改革重要论述的生成逻辑。准确把握习近平关于集体林权制度改革重要论述的鲜明实践指向:坚持正确改革方向、坚持生态美与百姓富的有机统一、坚持人民主体地位、坚持问题导向、坚持顶层设计和基层探索相统一。总结习近平关于集体林权制度改革重要论述的价值意蕴:有利于为切实改善民生福祉、推进林业生态文明建设提供理论指导,同时为全球林业发展贡献中国智慧和中国方案。

中国林业产权研究热点与变迁趋势——基于CiteSpace和VOSviewer的可视化分析

利用科学知识图谱方法梳理国内林业产权领域研究的热点主题及其变迁趋势,厘清林业产权领域研究的逻辑脉络。综合运用CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件,对中国知网(CNKI)学术期刊数据库中2001-2023年收录的1 540篇相关文献进行知识图谱分析。研究发现:自2001年开始,该领域发文量呈现逐年渐进式增长,至2009年达到顶峰后趋于稳定,但领域内作者和发文机构之间的合作较为松散,且国内林业产权领域研究的发文机构相对集中于高校;结合林业产权领域的研究热点,可大致将该领域的研究内容归纳为关于林业产权制度、碳汇、林业产权交易和中国森林资源产权的研究;结合林业产权领域研究的历史脉络与演化趋势,可以将该领域研究分为3个阶段,包括探索阶段、横向拓展阶段和纵向延伸阶段。未来研究应把握“双碳”新特征,以此推进林业产权领域研究深入发展。

南方集体林区数字乡村建设对森林生态产品价值转化效率的影响

选取2012—2021年南方集体林区的面板数据,采用单位面积当量法和EBM模型测算森林生态产品价值转化效率,使用双重机器学习模型实证检验数字乡村建设对森林生态产品价值转化效率的影响。研究结果表明:数字乡村建设对于提升森林生态产品价值转化效率具有显著的正面效应;数字乡村建设能促进绿色金融发展,提升森林生态产品价值转化效率水平;在财政自主度和环境规制越高的地区,数字乡村建设对森林生态产品价值转化效率的影响越强。政府应因地制宜推进数字乡村建设,通过加快乡村数字基础设施建设,强化绿色金融支持,促进森林生态产品市场化,从而提高森林生态产品价值转化效率水平。

集体林权制度改革研究进展与热点分析

为给我国集体林权制度改革研究进一步发展提供参考,以CNKI数据库中2003—2022年集体林权制度改革研究文献为对象,分析其演化过程、研究热点和发展趋势。采用文献计量,对发文量、研究机构和关键词进行统计分析;采用CiteSpace V分析软件对研究机构和关键词进行可视化分析。结果表明,集体林权制度改革研究大致可分为3个阶段,即探索(2003—2005年)、深入(2006—2017年)和巩固(2018—2022年)阶段;研究机构间的合作程度较高,大多数研究机构均与北京林业大学和南京林业大学存在合作关系。研究热点为“集体林权”“林权改革”和“林权流转”等,呈现14个聚类,可被归纳为“制度本体”“涉及主体”和“改革措施”3个方面。该研究具有较强的政策引导性,“林业收入”“三权分置”和“林农行为”为目前热门的研究主题。未来,集体林权制度改革研究需与乡村振兴战略和“双碳”目标结合,从内容、方向和方法上进行拓展性研究。

国有林场支持深化集体林权制度改革举措探讨

集体林具有重要的经济效益和生态效益,但随着改革开放的不断深入和社会主义市场经济体制的不断完善,集体林权归属不清、权责不明、利益分配不合理等问题逐渐显露,并严重限制了我国林业发展和林农增收。为了解决以上矛盾,我国开展了集体林权制度改革,并实行三权分置的模式激发集体林经营活力,但成效仍有待提高。文中总结了国有林场的发展历程与主要功能、集体林权制度改革的进程与成效,以及国有林场支持集体林权制度改革的探索与实践,认为国有林场是我国林业建设的核心力量,与集体林区联系密切,理应在集体林权制度改革中扮演重要角色。在此基础上,分析国有林场支持集体林权制度改革所面临的问题,包括集体公益林托管补助难以落实、财政经费难以得到有效保障、林区管理技术相对落后、林权矛盾纠纷不断等。为顺利推进集体林权制度改革获得实效,促进林业高质量可持续发展,根据国有林场的自身功能和优势,提出国有林场支持深化集体林权制度改革的有效措施:1)健全集体林经营管理政策法规体系;2)加大财政金融支持力度;3)完善基础设施配套;4)加强国有林场社会化服务;5)建立合理的利益分配机制;6)创新国有林场与林农联合经营模式。

我国林权收储担保模式比较与应用推广策略

当前我国林权抵押贷款正处于发展的关键时期,林权收储担保对于推进林权抵押贷款业务具有重要价值。本文主要通过选取具有代表性的四种林权收储模式进行比较分析,进而得出每种模式的适用条件以及应用推广策略。研究表明:当地的森林资源发展状况、林地权属情况、林业产业发展水平、林权抵押贷款规模都是影响林权收储担保模式选择的重要因素,建议应当从林权收储担保机构建设、收储担保业务模式创新、收储担保机构配套措施以及林权收储担保补助政策等不同方面促进我国林权收储担保工作的发展。