Foreign-made clocks and watches began to be exported to China in the 17th century. During the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the imperial court imported tens of thousands of clocks and watches. At the Palace Museum in Beij...Foreign-made clocks and watches began to be exported to China in the 17th century. During the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the imperial court imported tens of thousands of clocks and watches. At the Palace Museum in Beijing, about 200 timepieces collected by the imperial court are still on display in the clock and watch exhibition hall. They were made in Britain, France, Switzerland and Japan. Many foreign presidents and展开更多
In China there have been two models of stock land renewal:formal renewal and informal renewal,and there have been a wealth of studies on formal renewal.However,few studies have addressed informal renewal,as well as th...In China there have been two models of stock land renewal:formal renewal and informal renewal,and there have been a wealth of studies on formal renewal.However,few studies have addressed informal renewal,as well as the governance logic behind the renewal model.Based on the analysis of policy documents,extensive interviews and a case study of Guangzhou,we explore the evolution,governance logic,consequence of renewal,and governance dilemmas of collectively owned industrial land renewal since 2000.Through redefining the land development rights of stock collectively owned land and reducing the transaction cost of land use change,informal renewal activities of collective industrial land have been legalized from top to bottom.Meanwhile,informal renewal meets local governments’demand for rural industrialization transition.The empirical study of Panyu District in Guangzhou shows that owing to lacking policy resilience,ineffective planning control,and village collectives’dependence on the rental economy,collective industrial land renewal results in frequent interest conflicts and continuation of transfer and lease,presenting a real estate-oriented feature.Therefore,the renewal policy should be innovated in terms of differentiated policy design,a balance of interests,and through improvement of the transfer and transaction mechanism,to strengthen informal renewal management.展开更多
文摘Foreign-made clocks and watches began to be exported to China in the 17th century. During the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the imperial court imported tens of thousands of clocks and watches. At the Palace Museum in Beijing, about 200 timepieces collected by the imperial court are still on display in the clock and watch exhibition hall. They were made in Britain, France, Switzerland and Japan. Many foreign presidents and
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(No 2018YFD1100105)the Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science Project(20YJCZH214)the Natural Foundation of Suzhou University of Science and Technology(XKQ2019005)。
文摘In China there have been two models of stock land renewal:formal renewal and informal renewal,and there have been a wealth of studies on formal renewal.However,few studies have addressed informal renewal,as well as the governance logic behind the renewal model.Based on the analysis of policy documents,extensive interviews and a case study of Guangzhou,we explore the evolution,governance logic,consequence of renewal,and governance dilemmas of collectively owned industrial land renewal since 2000.Through redefining the land development rights of stock collectively owned land and reducing the transaction cost of land use change,informal renewal activities of collective industrial land have been legalized from top to bottom.Meanwhile,informal renewal meets local governments’demand for rural industrialization transition.The empirical study of Panyu District in Guangzhou shows that owing to lacking policy resilience,ineffective planning control,and village collectives’dependence on the rental economy,collective industrial land renewal results in frequent interest conflicts and continuation of transfer and lease,presenting a real estate-oriented feature.Therefore,the renewal policy should be innovated in terms of differentiated policy design,a balance of interests,and through improvement of the transfer and transaction mechanism,to strengthen informal renewal management.
