An Improved Local RBF Collocation Method for 3D Excavation Deformation Based on Direct Method and Mapping Technique

Since the plasticity of soil and the irregular shape of the excavation,the efficiency and stability of the traditional local radial basis function(RBF)collocation method(LRBFCM)are inadequate for analyzing three-dimensional(3D)deformation of deep excavation.In this work,the technique known as the direct method,where the local influence nodes are collocated on a straight line,is introduced to optimize the LRBFCM.The direct method can improve the accuracy of the partial derivative,reduce the size effect caused by the large length-width ratio,and weaken the influence of the shape parameters on the LRBFCM.The mapping technique is adopted to transform the physical coordinates of a quadratic-type block to normalized coordinates,in which the deformation problem can easily be solved using the direct method.The stability of the LRBFCM is further modified by considering the irregular shape of 3D excavation,which is divided into several quadratic-type blocks.The soil’s plasticity is described by the Drucker-Prager(D-P)model.The improved LRBFCM is integrated with the incremental method to analyze the plasticity.Five different examples,including strip excavations and circular excavations,are presented to validate the proposed approach’s efficiency.

贝叶斯同位置协同克里金(Bayesian collocated CoKriging)估值法的研究

针对原同位置协同克里金 (CollocatedCoKriging)法在研究区域大、硬数据少、择优采样严重的情况下 ,外推不可靠和贝叶斯克里金 (BayesianKriging)法在估计先验数据期望值时对尺度敏感的问题 ,根据这两种方法的原理提出并推导一种新的贝叶斯同位置协同克里金估值方法 .论述了该方法不但具有一般克里金法的性质 ,而且综合了前两种方法的优点 .通过实例验证 ,其估值效果良好 .

Antenna selection in MIMO radar with collocated antennas

An antenna adjustment strategy is developed for the target tracking problem in the collocated multiple-input multipleoutput(MIMO)radar.The basic technique of this strategy is to optimally allocate antennas by the prior information in the tracking recursive period,with the objective of enhancing the worst-case estimate precision of multiple targets.On account of the posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound(PCRLB)offering a quantitative measure for target tracking accuracy,the PCRLB of joint direction-of-arrival(DOA)and Doppler is derived and utilized as the optimization criterion.It is shown that the dynamic antenna selection problem is NP-hard,and an efficient technique which combines convex relaxation with local search is put forward as the solution.Simulation results demonstrate the outperformance of the proposed strategy to the fixed antenna configuration and heuristic search algorithm.Moreover,it is able to offer close-to performance of the exhaustive search method.

Adaptive time-space resource and waveform control for collocated MIMO radar with simultaneous multi-beam

Collocated multiple input multiple output(MIMO)radar,which has agile multi-beam working mode,can offer enhanced multiple targets tracking(MTT)ability.In detail,it can illuminate different targets simultaneously with multi-beam or one wide beam among multi-beam,providing greater degree of freedom in system resource control.An adaptive time-space resource and waveform control optimization model for the collocated MIMO radar with simultaneous multi-beam is proposed in this paper.The aim of the proposed scheme is to improve the overall tracking accuracy and meanwhile minimize the resource consumption under the guarantee of effective targets detection.A resource and waveform control algorithm which integrates the genetic algorithm(GA)is proposed to solve the optimization problem.The optimal transmitting waveform parameters,system sampling period,sub-array number,binary radar tracking parameterχ_i(t_k),transmitting energy and multi-beam direction vector combination are chosen adaptively,where the first one realizes the waveform control and the latter five realize the timespace resource allocation.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

Review of Collocation Methods and Applications in Solving Science and Engineering Problems

The collocation method is a widely used numerical method for science and engineering problems governed by partial differential equations.This paper provides a comprehensive review of collocation methods and their applications,focused on elasticity,heat conduction,electromagnetic field analysis,and fluid dynamics.The merits of the collocation method can be attributed to the need for element mesh,simple implementation,high computational efficiency,and ease in handling irregular domain problems since the collocation method is a type of node-based numerical method.Beginning with the fundamental principles of the collocation method,the discretization process in the continuous domain is elucidated,and how the collocation method approximation solutions for solving differential equations are explained.Delving into the historical development of the collocation methods,their earliest applications and key milestones are traced,thereby demonstrating their evolution within the realm of numerical computation.The mathematical foundations of collocation methods,encompassing the selection of interpolation functions,definition of weighting functions,and derivation of integration rules,are examined in detail,emphasizing their significance in comprehending the method’s effectiveness and stability.At last,the practical application of the collocation methods in engineering contexts is emphasized,including heat conduction simulations,electromagnetic coupled field analysis,and fluid dynamics simulations.These specific case studies can underscore collocation method’s broad applicability and effectiveness in addressing complex engineering challenges.In conclusion,this paper puts forward the future development trend of the collocation method through rigorous analysis and discussion,thereby facilitating further advancements in research and practical applications within these fields.

A Collocation Technique via Pell-Lucas Polynomials to Solve Fractional Differential EquationModel for HIV/AIDS with Treatment Compartment

In this study,a numerical method based on the Pell-Lucas polynomials(PLPs)is developed to solve the fractional order HIV/AIDS epidemic model with a treatment compartment.The HIV/AIDS mathematical model with a treatment compartment is divided into five classes,namely,susceptible patients(S),HIV-positive individuals(I),individuals with full-blown AIDS but not receiving ARV treatment(A),individuals being treated(T),and individuals who have changed their sexual habits sufficiently(R).According to the method,by utilizing the PLPs and the collocation points,we convert the fractional order HIV/AIDS epidemic model with a treatment compartment into a nonlinear system of the algebraic equations.Also,the error analysis is presented for the Pell-Lucas approximation method.The aim of this study is to observe the behavior of five populations after 200 days when drug treatment is applied to HIV-infectious and full-blown AIDS people.To demonstrate the usefulness of this method,the applications are made on the numerical example with the help of MATLAB.In addition,four cases of the fractional order derivative(p=1,p=0.95,p=0.9,p=0.85)are examined in the range[0,200].Owing to applications,we figured out that the outcomes have quite decent errors.Also,we understand that the errors decrease when the value of N increases.The figures in this study are created in MATLAB.The outcomes indicate that the presented method is reasonably sufficient and correct.

Effects of Collocational Congruency,Frequency and L2 Proficiency on the Processing of English Adjective-Noun Collocations

The present study investigates the effects of congruency and frequency on adjective-noun collocational processing for Chinese learners of English at two proficiency levels based on the data obtained in an online acceptability judgment task.The subject pool of this research included 60 English majors studying at a university in China;30 were selected as a higher-proficiency group and 30 as a lower-proficiency group according to their Vocabulary Levels Test(Schmitt et al.,2001)scores and their self-reported proficiency in English.The experimental materials were programmed to E-prime 2.0 and included six types of collocations:(1)15 high-frequency congruent collocations,(2)15 low-frequency congruent collocations,(3)15 high-frequency incongruent collocations,(4)15 low-frequency incongruent collocations,(5)15 Chinese-only items,and(6)75 unrelated items for baseline data.The collected response times(RTs)and accuracy rates data were statistically analyzed by the use of an ANOVA test and pairwise comparisons through SPSS 16.0 software.The results revealed that:(1)the adjective-noun collocational processing of Chinese English learners is influenced by collocational frequency,congruency and L2 proficiency;(2)the processing time is affected by the interaction of congruency and frequency;and(3)the interactive effect of L2 proficiency in conjunction with congruency and frequency also influences the processing quality.

Burgers方程初边值问题的Laguerre函数谱配置方法

以Laguerre-Gauss节点为配置点,用谱配置方法求解具有初边值的Burgers方程的数值解,并在时间方向运用Crank-Nicolson格式离散,给出算法格式,通过数值运算表明算法格式的有效性和高精度。

基于Triple Collocation方法的土壤湿度误差分析

土壤湿度作为水循环中重要的驱动参数之一,对天气变化有着显著影响。遥感技术的发展促使土壤湿度的大范围动态性观测变为可能,但对其误差的准确估计仍需进一步的研究。利用ASCAT散射计、AMSR-E辐射计反演得到的2种卫星遥感土壤湿度数据以及ERA-Interim土壤湿度再分析资料,通过三重组合(Triple Collocation,TC)方法得到了研究区域(15°N^55°N,73°E^135°E) 3种土壤湿度数据的误差方差和信噪比估计,并结合MODIS土地覆盖类型数据分析了3种土壤湿度数据的误差特征。结果表明:植被覆盖会影响遥感土壤湿度的TC误差方差估计;从TC误差方差估计值来看,ERA土壤湿度精度最高,AMSR-E精度次之,ASCAT精度最低;从信噪比来看,ASCAT土壤湿度信噪比最高,ERA的信噪比低于ASCAT高于AMSR-E,AMSR-E信噪比最低;通过研究区MODIS土地覆盖类型数据与TC结果的分析可知TC结果多分布在草原、农田和裸地,TC结果比较符合客观实际情况。

小步长低阶Collocation方法轨道积分性能研究

介绍了Collocation方法的原理及误差构成,以Collocation方法在逐历元滤波轨道解算中的应用为切入点对小步长低阶Collocation方法轨道积分的性能进行了研究。分别就二体问题及真实GPS星座卫星轨道为对象进行了一系列验算,得到了一些有益结论:就积分方法本身性能而言,Collocation积分方法较传统数值积分法精度要高且稳定性要好;在一定长度的积分步长范围内,将小步长低阶Collocation方法用于滤波轨道解算是可行且有效的。但在积分步长很小的情形下,从计算效率方面考虑,不推荐使用Collocation方法;利用小步长低阶Collocation方法取代大步长高阶方法能提高效率且可抑制蚀现象引起的积分结果发散。经试验表明:选用积分步长为900s的4阶方法是合适的。

Collocation-PECE算法在低轨卫星精密定轨中的应用

在精密轨道确定中,PECE算法已成为目前最通用的轨道积分算法。利用Collocation方法的外推公式和内插公式可构造一种新的PECE算法,新算法以两种方式进行二阶微分方程的求解:将二阶微分方程降为一阶微分方程然后积分以及直接积分二阶微分方程。分别采用这两种类型的算法求解二体问题和低轨卫星的受摄轨道,并将计算结果与Adams-PECE算法及一般的PECE算法的积分结果进行了比较分析。结果表明,这两种类型的Collo-cation-PECE算法在实际轨道积分中较其它几种算法更有效。

基于统计的常用词搭配(Collocation)的发现方法

常用词搭配 (collocation)是指一些常用的用来表达某些事情或事物的短语 ,一般是二元组或三元组等。常用词搭配的自动发现在自然语言处理中起着很重要的作用 ,它能够丰富词典的容量 ,提高系统的性能。本文提出 4种判断一个二元组是否是常用词搭配的方法 ,并对各种方法的结果进行了比较。然后在已知二元组的基础上 ,提出了统计和发现三元或多元组的方法。这种利用二元组来构造三元组的方法 ,比统计所有三元组的计算量大大减少。

Idioms,Collocations,Formulaic Phrases and Second Language Acquisition

Idioms,collocations,and formulaic phrases are three factors playing the important role in the second language acquisition(SLA).This essay firstly deals with the definitions of these concepts,then it illustrates the importance of them to SLA on two perspectives—idioms,collocations,and formulaic phrases respectively and they regarded as a whole.Therefore,in this way,the essay may lead to the answer the question“How are idioms,collocations,and formulaic phrases important to SLA?”

鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区三叠系长7页岩源储配置及油气富集规律

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系长7段陆相页岩油气资源丰富,勘探开发潜力较大。通过岩心观察及测井、录井资料分析,综合地球化学数据、X射线衍射分析及现场解析气体数据等,对鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区三叠系长7段3个亚段页岩的源储特征进行了分析,并对不同源储组合特征及其与油气富集相关性进行了解剖。研究结果表明:①鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区三叠系延长组长7段有机质类型以Ⅱ1型和Ⅱ_(2)型为主,Ⅰ型次之,自上而下3个亚段的总有机碳(TOC)质量分数平均值分别为3.39%,4.35%,5.57%,镜质体反射率(Ro)分别为0.69%,0.97%,1.31%,分别处于低成熟、成熟、高成熟演化阶段,分别为差烃源岩、中等烃源岩、优质烃源岩。②研究区长7_(3)亚段泥页岩矿物组分具有富黏土矿物特征,长7_(2)亚段黏土矿物含量高于长7_(1)亚段,3个亚段的孔隙类型分别以溶蚀孔、粒间孔—溶孔、粒间孔为主,储层可划分为Ⅰ类(优)、Ⅱ类(中)和Ⅲ类(差)。③研究区主要发育优质烃源岩-差储层、中等烃源岩-优质储层、差烃源岩-中等储层、中等烃源岩-中等储层、优质烃源岩-中等储层、差烃源岩-优质储层6种源储配置特征,长7_(3)亚段油气富集程度最高,长7_(2)亚段次之,长7_(1)亚段不利于页岩油气的富集成藏。④高有机质丰度、高有机质成熟度的泥页岩具有较好的生烃潜力,高黏土矿物含量、较好的孔隙连通性有利于油气运移聚集成藏,源储配置特征控制着页岩油气的富集部位。

一种改进的collocation方法及其在动态定价问题中的应用

涉及多个状态变量的动态定价问题往往难以求解。基于此,引入多维插值与张量积,提出一种改进的collocation方法用于求解多状态变量的动态优化问题,并从理论上分析了改进后的collocation方法的收敛性。首先,将改进的collocation方法应用于求解多个状态变量的动态经济问题;给出了改进后的collocation方法的实际运用,应用于解决有限记忆的动态定价问题;利用状态变量的切比雪夫格点与其估计值构造出时序的状态转移,并依据状态转移模拟最优价格路径。通过数值分析表明,改进后的collocation方法比线性二次逼近法更快的收敛于稳态。

Study on the Collocation between Small Garden Ornaments and Other Elements

Starting with the basic elements of small garden ornaments, this research discusses its collocation art with other landscape elements such as plants, water, stones and environment, in order to offer useful references for the garden planning in a city.

THE ACCURACY COMPARISON BETWEEN CHEBYSHEV-τ METHOD AND CHEBYSHEV COLLOCATION METHOD

This paper is devoted to investigate the accuracy of the Pseudo spectral scheme with the Chebyshev tau method and Chebyshev collocation method. The computational results of the nonlinear disturbance development in plane Poiseuille flow for both methods are presented and compared in detail. It is acknowledged that the Chebyshev collocation method has higher precision than the other one, especially for near netural situation.

应用重心插值的Burgers方程数值解法

利用重心插值构造求解Burgers方程的无网格数值方法。在时间方向用Crank-Nicolson差分法对方程进行离散,在空间方向用重心插值切比雪夫配点法逼近函数本身及其空间导数。对全离散数值格式进行相容性分析。数值算例表明:与经典的有限差分方法比较,重心插值配点法用较少的节点就能达到较高的精度。

Sinc配点法与sinh变换求解奇异摄动过渡层问题

针对一类奇异摄动过渡层问题,采用具有高精度的Sinc配点法进行离散求解。利用双指数变换,将自然定义在无界区域上的Sinc配点法推广到求解带有齐次Dirichlet边界条件的两点边值问题。对于非齐次Dirichlet边值问题,设计线性函数对未知函数进行改造,将原问题转化为齐次Dirichlet边值问题。对于过渡层的处理,利用sinh变换将Sinc节点在奇性处进行加密,实现较少的节点即可达到较高的精度。基于双指数变换,提出了有界区域上重心形式的Sinc插值公式来改善非插值节点上的近似效果。数值实验验证了结合双指数变换和sinh变换的Sinc配点法在求解过渡层问题、具有激波的非定常Burgers’方程上的高效性。

基于collocation方法的Taylor-Culick模型流动稳定性的特征向量分析

对于固体火箭发动机中产生的流动不稳定现象,需要利用简化模型进行分析,目前最符合实际的简化模型为Taylor-Culick流模型。采用稳定性理论对轴对称的Taylor-Culick模型进行数值计算时,由于对称轴处径向坐标为零而带来奇性,以往的数值计算方法难以处理。采用一种配置微分矩阵的方式来改进算法,避免柱坐标所带有的奇性对数值计算的影响。对固体火箭发动机Taylor-Culick流动模型进行了局部稳定性计算,得到了一致的结果。分析了特征向量随计算参数的变化,发现频率、雷诺数与特征向量的形态变化有直接关系,且特征向量的变化代表着特定情况下流动区域振荡发生的范围与形式,这些流动不稳定的局部特征从细节上反映了整体流动对应于不同流动参数的状态。