Chitosan-g-PAA Hydrogels for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery: Preparation, Swelling Behavior and in vitro Degradability

A series of cross-linked hydrogels for colon-specific drug delivery were synthesized by graft copolymerization of Chitosan and acrylic acid using N, N＇-methylene-bis-（acrylamide） as a cross-linker. Their swelling behavior in different pH buffer solutions and colonic enzymatic degradability were studied. The obtained results show that these hydrogels have good pH sensitivity which can avoid drug release in stomach, and their swelling kinetics in stimulant intestinal environment follow second-order swelling kinetics equation. The factors influencing the swelling kinetics include the degree of cross-linking and the composition, which may control no release or a little amount release of drug inside the hydrogels in the small intestine by tailoring these factors. The gels are degradable by colonic enzymes and there is a correlativity between the degradation of networks and the swelling degree of the gels, which may trigger the release of drug in the colon. The hydrogels show a great potential for their application in oral colon-specific drug delivery system.

Stem cells as delivery vehicles for regenerative medicinechallenges and perspectives

The use of stem cells as carriers for therapeutic agents is an appealing modality for targeting tissues or organs of interest. Combined delivery of cells together with various information molecules as therapeutic agents has the potential to enhance, modulate or even initiate local or systemic repair processes, increasing stem cell efficiency for regenerative medicine applications. Stem-cell-mediated delivery of genes, proteins or small molecules takes advantage of the innate capability of stem cells to migrate and home to injury sites. As the native migratory properties are affected by in vitro expansion, the existent methods for enhancing stem cell targeting capabilities(modified culture methods, genetic modification, cell surface engineering) are described. The role of various nanoparticles in eq-uipping stem cells with therapeutic small molecules is revised together with their class-specific advantages and shortcomings. Modalities to circumvent common challenges when designing a stem-cell-mediated targeted delivery system are described as well as future prospects in using this approach for regenerative medicine applications.

Can the venerated silk be the next generation nanobiomaterialfor biomedical device designing, regenerative medicine and drugdelivery? Prospects and hitches

Of late, the relevance of silk in a myriad of material science and biotechnological realms has been realized, as attested by the incessantly clambering number of reports and patents in the scienti fic repositories. The write-up is geared off with a scrutiny into the pertinence of the basic nano-structural features of silk, christened as the ‘queen of textile’ for exemplary bioengi- neering applications including designing and fabrication of devices for micro fluidics, opto fluidics, chemo/bio sensing, etc. Then, the major thrust of this short review is directed towards comprehending the prospects of using silk-based biomaterials (e.g. sca ffolds, electrospun membranes, films, hydrogels, bioinks) for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as well as targeted delivery of various biomolecular cargoes/therapeutic agents, etc., as vouched by few avant-garde endeavours of the recent years. The write-up is entwined with a discussion on the various factors that could plausibly hinder the realization of silk as the next-generation nanobiomaterial, suggestions for some approaches to dodge and deal with the practical snags and what lies ahead!

Development of Web Based Online Medicine Delivery System for COVID-19 Pandemic

Average Bangladeshis spend a significant amount of income on medicine. A reliable and fast online medicine delivery system is not ubiquitous. Most people buy medicine from the local Pharmacies. They need to go to medicine stores to buy the specific medicine prescribed by the specialized doctors. Sometimes all prescribed medicines are not available in local Pharmacies therefore people need to go to other areas to buy the medicines. It is very time consuming and people need to spend money as well for this. In our country, traffic jams are a very big problem. People waste longer time on the road due to traffic jams. Here most of the pharmacies are closed at night time but sometimes in an emergency situation medicine is very essential. In this case an online web based e-commerce medicine delivery system is needed very much. In addition, currently the whole world is suffering due to COVID-19 pandemic. Coronavirus is very contagious which we all know. In this pandemic time it is not risk free to go out to buy medicine from the pharmacies. Due to COVID-19, medicine scarcity is also an important issue. In this situation, an online medicine delivery system can play an important role. By considering the above mentioned facts, a reliable and fast online solution is proposed. This paper presents the development of a web based online medicine delivery system. A reliable, fast, safe and user-friendly online based e-commerce web application has been developed in this paper. Medicine delivery system has also been included with this proposed system. This platform is a dynamic web application built in Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) based Laravel framework with a powerful back end. It is hosted on a dedicated Virtual Private Server (VPS). This system is lightning fast and optimized very well for searching engines. With the help of the developed platform, drugs will be available at one’s doorstep very fast, safely and reliably. In this system, users can choose a medicine section of their choices and go through all the items that the system provides. Users can then select the desired drug items, add them to cart and then proceed to payment. It has payment integration of Cash on Delivery (COD) systems. After developing the system it has been tested and it works fine. It is a one-stop solution where people can find various medicines including COVID-19 related medicines and other items in this online platform. Besides medicine, here you can also find other health care products like food supplements, birth control products, hair care products, skincare products, beauty products, etc. People can order their required medicines or other medical related available items from online and the delivery support will provide the products door to door for the users. Using this system now users can get their needed medicine without leaving home. They can save money and they do not need to go out in this pandemic situation to buy medicine. In this crucial situation, the online medicine delivery system is very helpful and it will act as a blessing for the people.

Prospects of 3D Printing Technology in Dental Medicine

With the continuous advancement of technology,the application of 3D printing technology in the field of dental medicine is becoming increasingly widespread.This article aims to explore the current applications and future potential of 3D printing technology in dental medicine and to analyze its benefits and challenges.It first introduces the current state of 3D printing technology in dental implants,crowns,bridges,orthodontics,and maxillofacial surgery.It then discusses the potential applications of 3D printing technology in oral tissue engineering,drug delivery systems,personalized dental prosthetics,and surgical planning.Finally,it analyzes the benefits of 3D printing technology in dental medicine,such as improving treatment accuracy and patient comfort,and shortening treatment times,while also highlighting the challenges faced,such as costs,material choices,and technical limitations.This article aims to provide a reference for professionals in the field of dental medicine and to promote the further application and development of 3D printing technology in this area.

Permeabilities of rebamipide via rat intestinal membranes and its colon specific delivery using chitosan capsule as a carrier

AIM: To investigate the permeability characteristics of rebamipide across intestinal mucosa, and examine the effects of some absorption enhancers on the permeability across the colonic tissue. Another purpose is to demonstrate the colon-specific delivery of rebamipide with or without absorption enhancers using chitosan capsule as a carrier. METHODS: The permeability of rebamipide was evaluated using an in vitro diffusion chamber system, and the effects of some absorption enhancers on the permeability via colon were further investigated. The release of rebamipide from chitosan or gelatin capsule was studied by Japan Pharmacopoeia rotating basket method. The colonic and plasma concentrations were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to evaluate colon-targeting action after oral administration of various dosage forms, and rebamipide with absorption enhancers in chitosan dosage forms. RESULTS: The permeability of rebamipide across the jejunal or ileal membranes was higher than the colonic membranes. Both sodium laurate (C12) and labrasol signifi cantly increased permeability across the colon membranes. On the other hand, the release of rebamipide from chitosan capsule was less than 10%totally within 6 h. The area under concentration-time profile of drug in the colon mucosa using chitosan capsules (AUCLI, 1 6011.2 ng·h/g) was 2.5 times and 4.4 times greater than using gelatin capsules and CMC suspension, respectively. Meanwhile, the area under concentration-time profile of drug in the plasma (AUCPL) was 1016.0 ng·h/mL for chitosan capsule, 1887.9 ng·h/mL for CMC suspension p and 2163.5 ng·h/mL for gelatin capsule. Overall, both AUCLI and AUCPL were increased when C12 was co-administrated, but the increase of AUCLI was much greater; the drug delivery index (DDI) was more than 1 compared with simple chitosan capsule group. CONCLUSION: There was a regional difference in the permeability of Rabamipide across the jejunum, ileum and the colon, and passive diffusion seems to be one of the major transport mechanisms of rebamipide. Absorption enhancers can increase the permeability of rebamipide across the colon tissue signifi cantly. In addition, chitosan capsule may be a useful carrier to deliver rebamipide to the colon specifi cally and the co-administration of C12 with rebamipide may also be very useful in local treatment.

Liver-specific drug delivery platforms: Applications for the treatment of alcohol-associated liver disease

Alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)is a common chronic liver disease and major contributor to liver disease-related deaths worldwide.Despite its prevalence,there are few effective pharmacological options for the severe stages of this disease.While much pre-clinical research attention is paid to drug development in ALD,many of these experimental therapeutics have limitations such as poor pharmacokinetics,poor efficacy,or off-target side effects due to systemic administration.One means of addressing these limitations is through liver-targeted drug delivery,which can be accomplished with different platforms including liposomes,polymeric nanoparticles,exosomes,bacteria,and adenoassociated viruses,among others.These platforms allow drugs to target the liver passively or actively,thereby reducing systemic circulation and increasing the‘effective dose’in the liver.While many studies,some clinical,have applied targeted delivery systems to other liver diseases such as viral hepatitis or hepatocellular carcinoma,only few have investigated their efficacy in ALD.This review provides basic information on these liver-targeting drug delivery platforms,including their benefits and limitations,and summarizes the current research efforts to apply them to the treatment of ALD in rodent models.We also discuss gaps in knowledge in the field,which when addressed,may help to increase the efficacy of novel therapies and better translate them to humans.

Influence of coating on the triamcinolone release of alginate chitosan beads for colonic drug delivery

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of coating of alginate-chitosan (AL:CS) beads on the colonic drug delivery. The AL:CS systems containing triamcinolone (TC) were coated with the HPMCP and Eudragit? L100 by immersion and by spraying methods. The drug release profile in simulated colonic medium was determined using 5% human fecal content suspension in 0.01 N buffer solution, pH 6.8. The systems coated with HPMCP showed a lower rate of drug delivery in simulated enteric medium. The delivery profile in simulated colonic medium followed zero-order kinetic. The coated systems provided a promising drug-delivery profile for application in colonic drug delivery.

Harnessing pharmacological knowledge for personalized medicine and pharmacotyping: Challenges and lessons learned

The contribution of the genetic make-up to an individual’s capacity has long been recognized in modern pharmacology as a crucial factor leading to therapy ineffciency and toxicity, negatively impacting the economic burden of healthcare and restricting the monitoring of diseases. In practical terms, and in order for drug prescription to be improved toward meeting the personalized medicine concept in drug delivery, the maximum clinical outcome for most, if not all, patients must be achieved, i.e. , pharmacotyping. Such a direction although promising and of high expectation from the society, it is however hardly to be afforded for healthcare worldwide. To overcome any existed hurdles, this means that practical clinical utility of personalized medicine decisions have to be documented and validated in the clinical setting. The latter implies for drug delivery the effcient implementation of previously gained in vivo pharmacology experience with pharmacogenomics knowledge. As an approach to work faster and in a more productive way, the elaboration of advanced physiologically based phar-macokinetics models is discussed. And in better clarifying this topic, the example of tamoxifen is thoroughly presented. Overall, pharmacotyping represents a major challenge in modern therapeutics for which pharmacologists need to work in successfully fulflling this task.

化疗药物智能配药与运送系统的应用

目的 :应用化疗药物智能配药与运送系统并评价其应用效果,为保障患者用药安全和提高临床工作效率提供借鉴。方法 :采用现场观察法观察配药过程,比较人工与机器人冲配化疗药所需要的时间及药物残余量。比较化疗药物智能配药与运送系统使用前后人工与机器人冲配化疗药数量和配送化疗药次数。结果 :人工冲配每袋化疗药物时间长于机器人冲配时间(P<0.01),人工冲配药物残余量多于机器人(P<0.01)。机器人日均冲配化疗药数量多于人工(P<0.01)。机器人月均配送化疗药次数低于人工(P<0.01)。结论 :通过应用化疗药物智能配药与运送系统,可以提高给药精准度和工作效率,减少医务人员与化疗药接触频次,有利于降低职业损伤风险,值得推广应用。

基于中药单体构建的环境响应型纳米递药系统在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

中药单体对肿瘤具有一定的疗效,但其低靶向性、难以在肿瘤部位聚集等不足限制了其应用。环境响应型纳米递药系统作为一种新型药物递送方式,具有靶向性递药、减少药物毒副作用、环境响应性释放等优势,在肿瘤治疗中得到广泛应用。该文通过查阅并整理相关文献,从中药单体治疗肿瘤的概况、环境响应型中药单体纳米递药系统的分类以及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用3个方面进行概括总结,旨在为解决中药单体治疗肿瘤的局限性提供思路。

中医穴位按摩联合自由体位对初产妇阴道分娩产程时间及产后出血量的影响

目的:探讨中医穴位按摩联合自由体位对初产妇阴道分娩产程时间及产后出血量的影响。方法:选取2021年6月-2023年6月于本院分娩的初产妇120例,随机分组,其中采用常规分娩模式产妇为常规组,采用中医穴位按摩联合自由体位分娩产妇为联合组,比较两组产程时间及产后出血量。结果:联合组阴道分娩率(91.7%)高于常规组(75.0%),第1产程(356.4±69.0 min)、第2产程(34.5±10.8 min)、第3产程(6.1±1.1 min)时间均短于常规组(442.2±82.6 min、46.1±14.5 min、9.6±1.5 min),分娩时疼痛等级≤2级占比(90.0%)高于常规组(68.3%),分娩控制感评分(178.41±19.68分)高于常规组(121.88±16.54分),产后出血量(208.4±30.0 ml)及分娩时并发症(11.7%)发生率低于常规组(292.5±37.3ml、31.7%)(均P<0.05)。结论:应用中医穴位按摩联合自由体位能够减少初产妇剖宫产率,缩短产程,减轻分娩疼痛,减少产后出血量,降低分娩并发症发生。

纳米技术在中药传递系统和分析中的应用

纳米技术与传统中医药的结合拓宽了中药的应用范围,使中药又一次焕发光彩。纳米中药以其粒径、形态、材料等特殊性,持续为中药研究赋能,使其具有长效、靶向、低毒等优点。纳米技术同样应用于中药提取分离与检测中,提升检测灵敏度、缩短检测时间。本文阐述了纳米中药的类型及其在缓释与靶向方面的应用进展,介绍了纳米材料的介入引起中药分析方法的变化,分析了纳米技术在改善中药性能过程中面临的问题,对解决问题的方法和未来的研究方向进行讨论和展望,希望为中药现代化发展和应用提供参考。

静电纺丝构建中药控释系统的研究及应用

背景:静电纺丝多孔纳米纤维是一种具有优良性能和可设计性的材料,将传统中药与其联合构建新型中药控释系统是实现中药的控制释放和提高生物利用度的有效途径,具有广阔应用前景。目的:综述静电纺丝中药控释系统的构建方法及其在医学领域相关研究进展。方法:以“静电纺丝,中药,药物载体,释药系统,组织工程,敷料”为中文检索词,以“electrospinning,traditional Chinese medicine,drug carrier,drug delivery system,tissue engineering,dressing”为英文检索词,检索中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science数据库的关于静电纺丝中药控释系统的研究应用文献,检索时间范围为2013-2023年,最终纳入62篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①构建电纺多孔纤维中药控释系统的关键要素为基质材料、中药成分和载药方式。②电纺多孔纤维中药控释系统的构建可依据应用场景和治疗目的进行,首先选定中药成分种类,然后依据药物特性选择与其适配的聚合物基体及溶液,最后依据释药需求设计纤维结构并采用适宜的载药方式。③目前在电纺纤维中药控释系统中所应用的药剂以易制备纺丝溶液的植物中药提取物为主,缺少动物中药和矿物中药的系统研究。④共混载药是研究应用最多的载药方式,且通过对溶液理化性质的优化和负载物质多样性的选择不断扩展其释药特性和适应场景;同轴、多轴及顺序纺丝等载药方式可以制备具有多层成分性质不同的复合纤维,具有广阔发展前景。⑤电纺纤维中药控释系统早期应用集中于医用敷料方面,利用中药活性成分的抗菌止血功能,近年来发现中药某些成分能促进细胞黏附增殖分化,开启了组织工程领域的探索研究。⑥目前对电纺多孔纤维中药控释系统的研究主要集中在对负载材料、工艺、理化性能、生物性能的表征和优化上,而对机制的研究较少,其在临床中的应用尚未普及,在体内的不良反应尚不明了,对其降解行为与释药行为的相互影响也缺乏研究。⑦未来研究中需要考虑:通过改善中药与纺丝溶剂的理化性能和加大中药活性成分的提纯以扩大非植物中药的应用范围,对中药成分的治疗效果和作用机制进行全面研究,并阐明控释系统的降解行为与释药行为的相互影响规律,在更准确的机制下实现中药与电纺纳米纤维更完美的联合和应用。

治疗肺部疾病的中药活性成分可吸入纳米给药系统研究进展

肺部给药能直接将药物运送至肺部,是肺部疾病的优选给药方式。中药活性成分如槲皮素、紫杉醇等对肺部疾病具有良好的治疗效果,但其存在水溶性差和肺清除率高等问题。将中药活性成分负载在纳米给药系统中,可提高药物的水溶性、稳定性及其在肺部的渗透性和滞留性。基于此,本研究综述了治疗肺部疾病的中药活性成分可吸入纳米给药系统的研究进展,发现有基于壳聚糖、脂质(包括脂质体、固体脂质纳米粒、纳米结构脂质载体)、靶向配体(包括靶向叶酸受体、靶向转铁蛋白受体、外泌体)的中药活性成分可吸入纳米给药系统,这些纳米给药系统综合考虑了粒径、表面电荷和疏水性等关键因素,可避免药物被黏液、纤毛和巨噬细胞清除,具有较好的应用潜力。

5-氨基水杨酸口服制剂及联合中药在炎症性肠病治疗中的应用

5-氨基水杨酸(5-ASA)是1种从中药柳树皮中分离提纯得到的天然抗炎活性成分水杨酸的衍生物,别名阿米诺水杨酸、美沙拉嗪,是临床治疗炎症性肠病(IBD)并预防其复发的一线药物。尽管目前莎尔福(Salofalk)、亚沙可(Asacol)和潘他沙(Pentasa)等5-ASA口服结肠靶向制剂已广泛用于IBD的临床治疗,但仍存在在小肠提前释药和受胃肠道生理状态影响显著等制剂缺陷、对克罗恩病和重度溃疡性结肠炎(UC)治疗效果不佳等临床未满足的需求,以及减少UC患者黏膜菌群多样性、长期使用增加用药风险和降低患者服药依从性等问题。开发硅胶纳米粒、水凝胶等新型递药载体,基于pH依赖、时滞控制和菌群/酶触发等多机制结合释药原理设计新型口服结肠靶向制剂从而解决制剂缺陷问题,提高5-ASA疗效和患者服药耐受性、依从性是目前制剂研究的重点。此外,5-ASA口服制剂联合中药保留灌肠、中药口服制剂和注射液等治疗IBD可发挥协同抗炎作用,实现增效减毒目的。对5-ASA口服制剂品种、近年来新型制剂和递药载体的研究进展,以及与中药联用的临床应用和研究现状等进行综述,为5-ASA口服制剂的剂型改造、载体材料研究和临床用药等提供参考。

Nano-formulated delivery of active ingredients from traditional Chinese herbal medicines for cancer immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy has garnered promise in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis through establishing durable and memorable immunological activity. However, low response rates, adverse side effects, and high costs compromise the additional benefits for patients treated with current chemical and biological agents. Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) are a potential treasure trove of natural medicines and are gaining momentum in cancer immunomodulation with multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics. The active ingredient extracted from CHMs benefit generalized patients through modulating immune response mechanisms. Additionally, the introduction of nanotechnology has greatly improved the pharmacological qualities of active ingredients through increasing the hydrophilicity, stability, permeability, and targeting characteristics, further enhancing anti-cancer immunity. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of active ingredients for cancer immunomodulation, highlight nano-formulated deliveries of active ingredients for cancer immunotherapy, and provide insights into the future applications in the emerging field of nano-formulated active ingredients of CHMs.

鼻用中药预防疫病的古今应用与科学内涵

流感、新型冠状病毒感染等呼吸道传染病属于中医学疫病范畴,其重在预防,鼻用中药具有效优价良、安全便携的特点,且经鼻给药可直接、快速激活细胞、体液以及黏膜三重免疫应答。因此,鼻用中药近年来在疫病预防中的应用逐渐增多。通过梳理鼻用中药防疫的中医理论基础及古代应用,总结鼻腔独特的生理结构及鼻用中药防疫的现代临床应用,并从鼻腔黏膜免疫角度阐述鼻用中药防疫的科学内涵及其研究前景,以期丰富疫病预防方法并为鼻用中药未来研发提供新思路。

壮医鼻饮及鼻疗装置的应用研究

壮医鼻饮是壮族民间流行的一种通过鼻腔吸入药液或药气以防治疾病的方法,对鼻病、喉病、瘴疾和中暑等病症有较好防治作用,其中包含着鼻腔给药等科学因素,体现了壮族先民“防治未病”的养生防病观念和预防医学思想。文章基于壮族鼻饮的历史渊源、鼻饮的壮医机理及西医学机制以及鼻腔给药的优势,结合现有鼻疗装置的优缺点,提出借鉴现代鼻腔给药装置的设计理念来开发壮族鼻饮装置的思路和开拓点。

基于R-CNN的精准型智能送药小车开发系统

2020年开始,疫情肆虐,对人们的身体健康造成了巨大危害。在公共场所中,人与人之间的近距离接触加剧了病毒传播的风险。特别是在医院中,医护人员和住院患者感染后,不仅会削弱医护力量,还会威胁更多患者的身体健康。因此,设计了一款精准型智能送药小车,为医院住院部护士站提供病房药物配送服务。该小车基于STM32F407ZGT6核心板搭建,利用OpenMV进行房间号的精准识别;通过基于深度学习的目标检测算法,利用R-CNN进行模型训练,大大提高了OpenMV的识别精准度;经过实际训练和测试,该小车的最终识别精准度可达99.2%。