Diversity of endophytic fungi associated with the medicinally important aromatic plant Gaultheria fragrantissima

A total of thirty three(33)endophytic fungi including sterile mycelia were isolated from the leaf,stem and roots of medicinally important aromatic plant Gaultheria fragrantissima.Majority of the fungi belonged to the phylum Ascomycota.The total percentage colonization frequency(%CF)of each endophytic fungal species was calculated of which Juxtiphoma eupyrena showed highest colonization frequency(20.14%)in the leaf whereas Globisporangium irregulare was found to have highest colonization frequency in the stem(14.58%)and in the roots,Trichoderma viride was observed to have the highest colonization frequency of 21.43%.Diversity of endophytic fungi in the roots was found to be higher as compared to the other plant tissues.

Diversity and endophytic fungal composition in Ananas comosus(L.)Merr.var queen cultivar isolated from three different growing conditions

Present study deals with the isolation of endophytic fungi from leaf and root explants of Ananus comosus var queen from three growing conditions i.e.wild,cultivated as monoculture and cultivated as mixed cropping system with rubber plants.A total of twenty-nine endophytic fungal strains along with two nonsporulating forms were isolated from the host plant from three experimental plots.The maximum numbers of fungal strains were found belong to family Aspergillaceae and order Eurotiales.The highest rates of colonization and isolation(p<0.05)of endophytic fungi have been reported in wild foliar explants(95.53±0.53)and monoculture(1.02±0.01),respectively.The highest relative frequency was observed among isolated fungal strains in the case of Lasiodiplodia theobromae isolated from the leaf and root of wild(26.22%)and monoculture(29.62%)explants.In L.theobromae and Aspergillus flavus,isolated from the leaf and roots of wild(21.66%)and monoculture(14.66%)explants showed the highest colonization frequency.Current findings showed that the distribution of fungal endophytes and their relative frequency in host plants vary in three different growing conditions.

Endophytic fungal diversity of endemic carnivorous plant Nepenthes khasiana in Meghalaya,India

The present investigation deals with the isolation of endophytic fungi from leaf,stem,root and pitcher cup tissue segments of the endemic carnivorous plant Nepenthes khaisana collected from its natural habitat for a period of one year at monthly intervals.Out of 576 tissue segments inoculated,a total of 39 fungal endophytes along with mycelia sterilia were isolated from the host plant.To assess the diversity of fungal endophytes,the colonization frequency(%CF)was first recorded using past software and MS excel.The fungal isolates were mainly composed of the phylum Ascomycota,followed by Zygomycota and Oomycota.The highest percentage colonization frequency on an average of three replicates were recorded in pitcher cup tissues followed by root,stem and least was recorded in leaf of the host plant.Among the isolates,Globisporangium irregulare(83.33%)showed high%CF in leaf,Juxtiphoma eupyrena(83.33%)reported to have maximum%CF in the stem,Talaromyces ruber(66.66%)was recorded high%CF in root and mycelia sterilia(white)were showed the highest%CF in the segments of leaf.The diversity index analyses of Shannon-Weiner,Simpson’s index,species richness and species evenness of diversity showed that leaf of N.Khasiana has the highest diversity than the other parts of the plant.So,with the help of the present finding,we conclude that the distribution of fungal endophytes and their%colonization frequencies vary within different tissues of the host plant and thus,this confirms tissue specificity nature of endophytic fungi.

Diversity of endophytic fungi from the ornamental plant-Adenium obesum

Endophytic fungi live internally in apparently healthy and asymptomatic hosts.They are ubiquitous;no study has yet shown the existence of a plant species without endophytes.High species diversity is another characteristic of endophytic mycota.It is quite common for endophyte surveys to find assemblages consisting of more than 30species per host plant species.In the present study,179 isolates were obtained from leaf,stem,and tissues of Adenium obesum collected from Virudhunagar,India.The endophytic fungi were identified based on the colony morphology and sporulating structures.Aspergillus sp.(28.5%),Aspergilus breviceps(30%),Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(23%)and Scorpulariopsis brevicalis(17%)were the most dominant species.The colonization frequency was higher in the winter season.Phyllosticta hymanaeae was isolated from leaf tissues during the summer and winter season.Aspergillus was the predominant genus isolated from all of leaf,stem and bark tissues of Adenium obesum.

Diversity of endophytic fungi associated with Hedychium spicatum Ham ex Sm.and their antifungal activity against the phytopathogen Alternaria solani

Twenty eight strains of endophytic fungi including sterile mycelia were isolated from the leaf,rhizome and roots of Hedychium spicatum Ham ex.Sm.Majority of the endophytic fungi isolated belonged to the phylum Ascomycota which accounted of about 84%.The endophytic assemblage was dominated by the class Sordariomycetes.Endophytic fungal genera such as Fusarium and Penicillium were found to be common to all the plant parts.Diversity of endophytic fungi was found to be highest in the roots(H’=2.43).Mucor hiemalis,Penicillium sp.,Penicillium expansum,P.simplicissimum,Phoma medicaginis,Trichoderma sp.and T.gamsii showed above 60%inhibition against the phytopathogen Alternaria solani.