Studies on absorption coefficients of dual-energy γ-rays and measur-ing error correction for multiphase fraction determination

In this article, principle and mathematical method of determining the phase fractions of multiphase flows by using a dual-energy γ -ray system have been described. The dual-energy γ -ray device is composed of radioactive isotopes of 241Am and 137Cs with γ -ray energies of 59.5 and 662 keV, respectively. A rational method to calibrate the absorption coefficient was introduced in detail. The modified arithmetic is beneficial to removing the extra Compton scattering from the measured value. The result shows that the dual-energy γ -ray technique can be used in three-phase flow with average accuracy greater than 95%, which enables us to determine phase fractions almost independent of the flow regime. Improvement has been achieved on measurement accuracy of phase fractions.

Corrected Formula of Bed Resistance Coefficient for Plane Numerical Simulation of Tidal Current

By means of a logarithm law for the velocity profile, a corrected formula of bed resistance coefficient, which involves many factors such as gradient of still water depth, variation of surface elevation, flow direction, and so on, is derived from the 3D governing equations of tidal current by averaging over the whole water depth. Theoretical analysis and application have shown that the 2D plane tidal current numerical model would be more reasonable and could be applied to steep bottom topography when the corrected bed resistance coefficient is used, therefore the results of reproduction simulation and engineering calculation would be more scientific and reasonable.

Improved Multiple Feature-electrochemical Thermal Coupling Modeling of Lithium-ion Batteries at Low-temperature with Real-time Coefficient Correction

Monitoring various internal parameters plays a core role in ensuring the safety of lithium-ion batteries in power supply applications.It also influences the sustainability effect and online state of charge prediction.An improved multiple feature-electrochemical thermal coupling modeling method is proposed considering low-temperature performance degradation for the complete characteristic expression of multi-dimensional information.This is to obtain the parameter influence mechanism with a multi-variable coupling relationship.An optimized decoupled deviation strategy is constructed for accurate state of charge prediction with real-time correction of time-varying current and temperature effects.The innovative decoupling method is combined with the functional relationships of state of charge and open-circuit voltage to capture energy management ef-fectively.Then,an adaptive equivalent-prediction model is constructed using the state-space equation and iterative feedback correction,making the proposed model adaptive to fractional calculation.The maximum state of charge estimation errors of the proposed method are 4.57% and 0.223% under the Beijing bus dynamic stress test and dynamic stress test conditions,respectively.The improved multiple feature-electrochemical thermal coupling modeling realizes the effective correction of the current and temperature variations with noise influencing coefficient,and provides an efficient state of charge prediction method adaptive to complex conditions.

ANALYSIS OF HUMAN PLACENTA BY ^(31)P NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY SCANNING COMBINED WITH THE CORRECTIVE METHOD OF ABSORBANCE PROPORTIONAL COEFFICIENT

Five phospholipids in human placenta were determined by phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance(^(31)P NMR)spectroscopy and thin-layer chromatography(TLC) scanning combined with the corrective method of absorbance proportional coefficient. The NMR spectrometer used this investigation was a Bruker AM-500 spectrometer operating at 202.4 MHz for ^(31)P chemical shifts are relative to 85% phosphoric acid. TIC was carried out by silica gel H plate developed in chloroform-methanol-glacial acetic acid-ethanol-water(25:4:6:2:0.5),with Vaskovsky reagent as colour -developing agent of phospholipids.

A generalized method of converting CT image to PET linear attenuation coefficient distribution in PET/CT imaging

The accuracy of attenuation correction in positron emission tomography scanners depends mainly on deriving the reliable 511-keV linear attenuation coefficient distribution in the scanned objects. In the PET/CT system, the linear attenu- ation distribution is usually obtained from the intensities of the CT image. However, the intensities of the CT image relate to the attenuation of photons in an energy range of 40 keV-140 keV. Before implementing PET attenuation correction, the intensities of CT images must be transformed into the PET 511-keV linear attenuation coefficients. However, the CT scan parameters can affect the effective energy of CT X-ray photons and thus affect the intensities of the CT image. Therefore, for PET/CT attenuation correction, it is crucial to determine the conversion curve with a given set of CT scan parameters and convert the CT image into a PET linear attenuation coefficient distribution. A generalized method is proposed for con- verting a CT image into a PET linear attenuation coefficient distribution. Instead of some parameter-dependent phantom calibration experiments, the conversion curve is calculated directly by employing the consistency conditions to yield the most consistent attenuation map with the measured PET data. The method is evaluated with phantom experiments and small animal experiments. In phantom studies, the estimated conversion curve fits the true attenuation coefficients accurately, and accurate PET attenuation maps are obtained by the estimated conversion curves and provide nearly the same correction results as the true attenuation map. In small animal studies, a more complicated attenuation distribution of the mouse is obtained successfully to remove the attenuation artifact and improve the PET image contrast efficiently.

A Numerical Method on Inverse Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficient Based on Thermographic Temperature Measurement

The heat transfer coefficient in a multidimensional heat conduction problem is obtained from the solution of the inverse heat conduction problem based on the thermographic temperature measurement. The modified one-dimensional correction method （MODCM）, along with the finite volume method, is employed for both two- and three-dimensional inverse problems. A series of numerical experiments are conducted in order to verify the effectiveness of the method. In addition, the effect of the temperature measurement error, the ending criterion of the iteration, etc. on the result of the inverse problem is investigated. It is proved that the method is a simple, stable and accurate one that can solve successfully the inverse heat conduction problem.

Improvement of scattering correction for in situ coastal and inland water absorption measurement using exponential fitting approach

The absorption coefficient of water is an important bio-optical parameter for water optics and water color remote sensing. However, scattering correction is essential to obtain accurate absorption coefficient values in situ using the nine-wavelength absorption and attenuation meter AC9. Establishing the correction always fails in Case 2 water when the correction assumes zero absorption in the near-infrared(NIR) region and underestimates the absorption coefficient in the red region, which affect processes such as semi-analytical remote sensing inversion. In this study, the scattering contribution was evaluated by an exponential fitting approach using AC9 measurements at seven wavelengths(412, 440, 488, 510, 532, 555, and 715 nm) and by applying scattering correction. The correction was applied to representative in situ data of moderately turbid coastal water, highly turbid coastal water, eutrophic inland water, and turbid inland water. The results suggest that the absorption levels in the red and NIR regions are significantly higher than those obtained using standard scattering error correction procedures. Knowledge of the deviation between this method and the commonly used scattering correction methods will facilitate the evaluation of the effect on satellite remote sensing of water constituents and general optical research using different scatteringcorrection methods.

基于改进人工势场算法的煤矿井下机器人路径规划

路径规划是煤矿机器人在煤矿井下狭小巷道空间中应用亟待解决的关键技术之一。针对传统人工势场(APF)算法在狭小巷道环境中规划出的路径可能离巷道边界过近,以及在障碍物附近易出现目标不可达和路径振荡等问题,提出了一种基于改进APF算法的煤矿机器人路径规划方法。参考《煤矿安全规程》有关规定建立了巷道两帮边界势场,将机器人行驶路径尽量规划在巷道中间,以提高机器人行驶安全性;在障碍物斥力势场中引入调节因子,以解决目标不可达问题;引入转角限制系数以平滑规划出的路径,减少振荡,提高规划效率,保证规划路径的安全性。仿真结果表明:当目标点离障碍物很近时,改进APF算法可成功规划出能够抵达目标点的路径;改进APF算法规划周期数较传统算法平均减少了14.48%,转向角度变化累计值平均减少了87.41%,曲率绝对值之和平均减少了78.09%,表明改进APF算法规划的路径更加平滑,路径长度更短,规划效率和安全性更高。

砂土中冲刷条件下三筒基础水平承载特性研究

通过开展小比尺三筒基础承载力模型试验,研究冲刷条件下三筒基础水平承载特性,建立数值模型对模型试验结果进行验证与扩展,分析水平和弯矩荷载下,冲刷率e和相对筒间距S/D对极限承载力的影响,提出三筒基础极限承载力的冲刷修正系数dhe、dme的计算方法;采用固定荷载比方法,通过数值模型计算M-H加载条件下三筒基础的破坏包络线,分析冲刷率e和相对筒间距S/D对复合加载特性的影响,提出冲刷条件下三筒基础M-H破坏包络线公式。研究结果表明:冲刷条件下的三筒基础受水平和弯矩作用直至破坏的过程,经历弹性变形—塑性变形—失稳破坏3个阶段;三筒基础的水平极限承载力随冲刷率e的增大而下降,且下降速率逐渐增大,相同长径比的三筒基础的水平极限承载力随相对筒间距的减小而降低;随着冲刷率e的提高,三筒基础的M-H破坏包络线向内移动,随着相对筒间距S/D增大,归一化破坏包络线呈上凸的趋势。

基于误差补偿的光源调频非线性校正研究

由于FMCW光源非线性频率调制的影响,其差频信号的频谱会出现展宽,降低频谱分辨率,因此光源非线性校正是该体制激光雷达精确测距的前提。为了避免现有非线性校正技术系统结构复杂,测量成本高的缺陷,本文提出了基于误差补偿的FMCW光源非线性校正法。该方法通过输出信号与线性回归数据之间的误差,构建与输出信号频率变化趋势相反的校正数据作为激光器的调制信号源。经过若干次循环补偿,逐步将输出信号频率与线性回归数据之间的决定系数提高到0.9995以上。最终通过距离测量实验,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。

拉萨市大车校正系数优化研究

随着西藏旅游业发展,旅游大巴占比也在增长,大车校正系数是计算道路通行能力的决定性参数,为提高道路通行能力,优化旅游大巴等大车校正系数极有必要。目前,国内外采用的大车校正系数自变量为大车占比,没有考虑到速度对其的影响。现通过VISSIM仿真,对传统大车校正系数进行优化。首先利用VISSIM确定拉萨市大车校正系数基本模型,再进行速度校正并找到速度校正模型,得出适用于拉萨市的校正系数为:f_(hv)=(1-1.2213%HV)×[0.2894ln(V)+0.1611],通过与传统大车校正系数相比,上述模型自变量为大车率和速度,更加准确且符合拉萨市实际。

纯氢与掺氢天然气管道摩阻系数预测

纯氢与掺氢天然气管道是实现氢气长距离、大规模输送的最佳方式之一,其中摩阻系数是气体管道水力计算的关键参数,现有的经验公式不能满足预测掺氢天然气的摩阻系数要求。为改进传统的摩阻系数计算公式在纯氢与掺氢天然气管道系统的适用性,搭建了纯氢和掺氢天然气管输调压综合实验平台,开展纯氢和不同比例的掺氢天然气管输流动实验,根据实验采集的流量、温度、压力和管道的长度、管径等参数计算管道的摩阻系数,同时建立了摩阻系数与雷诺数、粗糙度之间的关系,并修正了传统摩阻系数公式,最后利用湖南省巴陵—长岭纯氢气管道的实际运行数据进行了验证。研究结果表明:①由于氢气与天然气物性差异较大,掺氢比会影响流动摩阻系数,相同条件下掺氢比越大摩阻系数越小;②传统摩阻系数计算公式存在30%左右的误差,创新提出的适用于纯氢和掺氢天然气的3段式摩阻系数经验公式,相对误差最大11.84%,能够有效降低误差;③与巴陵—长岭纯氢气管道实际的运行数据相比,修正后摩阻系数预测公式的平均误差为0.62%,该公式可以满足实际工程的误差要求。结论认为,得到的纯氢与掺氢天然气管道摩阻系数修正公式可应用于纯氢与掺氢天然气管道工程设计,具有重要的工程应用价值和前景。

地震荷载作用下土体变形试验研究

为研究不规则地震荷载对土体变形特性的影响,对砂土试样开展了系统的动三轴试验。试验中分别对3种不同密度砂土试样施加了4条具有不同峰值的不规则地震应力时程及其循环次数为20周的等幅正弦荷载,以便开展对比研究。结果表明:在地震荷载及其等幅循环荷载输入下,砂土试样的应变增长曲线差异显著,荷载类型及荷载波形是影响土单元应变时程发展特征的主要因素。考虑荷载不规则性得到的修正系数受荷载类型和砂土相对密实度的影响,不受输入荷载动应力幅值大小及砂土类型的影响。最后针对地震荷载下土单元变形的计算,给出了以常规的等幅三轴变形试验为依据的估算方法。

基于修正耗散能的水工混凝土损伤分析

能量耗散是混凝土变形破坏的本质属性,以能量研究岩体和混凝土等准脆性材料的破坏是一条可行的途径。然而,现有的以能量定义损伤变量的损伤分析结果与混凝土实际的破坏演变过程并不一致。本文通过建立损伤变量与耗散能之间的新关系,认为导致混凝土损伤的并非是全部耗散能,而是其中的一部分。因此,将耗散能分为两部分,一部分是引起混凝土损伤的耗散能,另一部分是混凝土在荷载作用下功-能转化过程中的其他耗散能。通过引入损伤耗能修正系数λ,定义损伤变量,并根据实测试验曲线确定λ值,建立了损伤演化方程。针对实测试验曲线的损伤分析结果表明,采用该方法计算的损伤演化过程与试验曲线更为吻合。将该方法应用于水工混凝土规范给出的应力应变曲线,揭示了水工混凝土损伤演化过程中损伤变量和等效塑性应变的变化规律,可为开展水工混凝土的损伤分析研究提供可行的途径。

大坝一等水平位移监测网数据处理流程及精度保障措施

大坝水平位移监测网是大坝变形监测的平面基准,监测网的精度关系大坝变形监测结果的可靠性和大坝安全鉴定结论的正确性。为了提高监测网数据处理精度,依托大型水电站大坝监测网复测项目,研究分析相对湿度、斜距化平方法、地球曲率半径对边长改化的影响。结果表明:相对湿度修正对边长的影响值最大可达2 ppm,斜距化平时采用高差计算的边长比采用垂直角计算的边长精度高0.05~1.95 ppm,用测区地球平均曲率半径代替测距边法截线地球曲率半径对投影边长的影响值最大可达0.08 ppm;高精度大坝水平位移监测网数据处理时,应用相对湿度修正实测边长,优先选用高差斜距化平,可用测区地球平均曲率半径代替测距边法截线地球曲率半径。研究成果可为类似项目提供有益参考。

斜拉扣挂悬臂浇筑拱桥扣索力与锚索力确定方法研究

为解决钢筋混凝土拱桥拱圈悬臂浇筑施工过程中,由悬浇节段自重和挂篮重引起的部分拱圈截面拉应力与塔架偏位过大的问题,提出扣索力与锚索力确定方法。该方法基于应力叠加原理和影响矩阵确定扣索力,给出当拱圈截面拉应力不满足要求时的扣索拆除判定方法;提出通过锚索力修正系数主动调控扣索力与锚索力,使塔架产生与拱圈悬浇阶段数值接近、方向相反的偏位,给出能同时满足拱圈应力、塔架偏位和成拱线形要求的扣索力与锚索力的计算流程。以净跨径180 m的混凝土拱桥——毕节白甫河管桥为背景,开展扣索力、锚索力以及锚索力修正系数的计算,对扣索力、锚索力、拱圈应力、成拱线形和两岸塔架偏位的计算值和实测值进行对比验证。结果表明:利用所提方法得到的扣索力、锚索力与实际张拉力最大相差6.02%,该桥施工时,依次拆除5组扣索,使拱圈截面拉应力均满足设计要求;塔架偏位实测最大值为3.3 cm,满足小于最大容许偏位4.0 cm的要求;拱圈截面实测最大拉应力为1.74 MPa,满足小于1.8 MPa的拉应力设计要求,成拱线形与裸拱线形最大偏差为0.5 cm,拱圈线形良好,验证了所提方法的可行性。

考虑5G基站储能参与配电网供电恢复研究

5G的快速发展使得5G基站储能容量大幅增加,如何充分发挥时常处于休眠状态的基站储能资源,使其参与配电网供电恢复,降低配电网失电量问题亟待研究。该文通过协调基站储能参与配电网供电恢复,以发挥其储能价值。首先,建立风光联合出力场景集,通过赤池信息准则和平方欧式距离确定各时段最优Copula函数,进而对其进行抽样聚类,获得风光典型出力场景集;然后,建立基站备用储能模型,通过正弦函数叠加建立不同区域的通信量模型,利用泰尔熵和修正基尼系数建立综合脆弱度模型确定各基站储能备用时间及备用储能模型,进而获得不同基站储能的可调度容量;最后,以失负荷量损失最小为目标,建立考虑基站储能参与及风光出力波动的含可调参数的两阶段鲁棒优化模型。以改进的IEEE 33节点模型为例进行仿真验证,分别对比了定基站备用时间与该文所提方法确定备用时间、鲁棒优化与确定性优化等方案下系统失负荷量的变化情况。仿真结果表明,5G基站储能可降低失负荷量损失成本,提高风光消纳率。

考虑环境温度效应的隔震橡胶支座力学性能试验

为研究环境温度对隔震橡胶支座力学特性的影响,利用高速压剪试验设备针对直径700 mm的隔震橡胶支座(LRB700以及LNR700)开展一系列不同温度(-20、0、23℃)、不同频率(0.2、0.25、0.3 Hz)以及不同剪应变(50%、100%、250%)的压剪试验。鉴于高速高压(15 MPa的竖向压应力)试验设备本身会产生较大的惯性力以及摩擦力,分别提供相应的修正方案以便准确获得支座的力学性能指标。结果表明:随着加载圈数的增加,LRB700内部铅芯的温度变化较为明显,并呈现关于高度的对称性,而LNR700内壁温度变化很小;LRB700及LNR700的相关力学性能指标(如水平屈服剪力、屈服后水平刚度以及水平等效刚度)随环境温度的降低都表现出不同程度的上升趋势,其中,LRB700水平屈服剪力上升15%~32%,LRB700屈服后水平刚度上升7%~16%,LRB700与LNR700水平等效刚度分别上升12%~23%、5%~16%。基于上述结果并结合相关规范针对LRB700以及LNR700提出考虑环境温度效应的力学性能调整系数。

厚煤层膏体分层充填开采地表移动变形规律研究

为探究厚煤层膏体分层充填开采地表移动变形规律,以古城煤矿1305工作面为研究对象,采用理论分析、参数计算及地表下沉预计等方法,基于等价采高理论建立了适用于膏体充填开采的等价采高模型,修正了非充分采动条件下的膏体充填开采预计参数,预计并揭示了厚煤层膏体分层充填开采后的地表移动参数变化规律。结果表明:膏体分层充填开采后地表最大下沉值270 mm,地表建筑物损坏等级在Ⅰ级允许变形以内,保证了地表建筑物的正常使用,为类似膏体充填后地表沉陷预测提供借鉴。

风速传感器风洞校准的阻塞影响及修正方法研究

为研究阻塞现象的形成原理及其对风速校准结果的影响,建立高阻塞比和低阻塞比工况对应的气象风速校准流场仿真模型,分析不同阻塞比工况对圆柱形结构和长方体结构风洞试验段流场影响。现有理论模型和比较法使用单一的修正系数修正所有校准点风速示值,导致低风速校准点风速传感器示值修正存在偏差,针对该问题提出一种各校准点独立计算阻塞修正系数的分段修正方法。结合EC9-1型、EL15-1A型和ZQZ-TF型等常用气象风速传感器校准数据,分析分段修正法与既有理论模型和比较法对传感器测量特性的影响。实验结果表明,3种阻塞修正方法都可改善风速传感器示值误差和频率方程等测量特性,使传感器示值、频率方程的斜率和截距更接近标准风洞的校准数据,分段修正法对传感器偏离程度的改善效果最为显著,经分段修正法修正后的传感器偏离程度最接近标准风洞测得值。