Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Black Soil Fertility and Maize Yield

By two years （2007-2008） located fertilizer experiment, the effect of long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on black soil fertility and crop yield was investigated in Shuangcheng City, Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the organinc matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. At the same time, the increasing application of organic fertilizer could reduce the soil bulk density and improve the field moisture capacity. Field moisture capacity and organic matter of the combined application of high quantities of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers AtB5 treatment increased the fhstest, organic matter increased by 3.33 g. kg and field moisture capacity increased by 11.25% than the beginning of the experiment. Under the same fertilization, the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers＇ increasing production range was higher than the single chemical fertilizers＇ which was from 0.8% to 9.4%. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the nutrient contents of soil and also was the highest productivity contribution to black soil fertility. It was the best fertilization structure of increasing productivity level and improving the soil fertility.

Combined Effect of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Hybrid Rice (Palethwe-1)

We investigated the effect of combining organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of hybrid rice (Palethwe-1) in the dry and wet seasons of 2015. Four quantities of inorganic fertilizer were used in the main plot [0%, 50%, 75%, and 100% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK)] based on the recommended amounts of 150 kg N ha-1, 70 kg P2O5 ha-1, and 120 kg K2O ha-1, while different organic manures were applied to subplots [no organic manure (O0), cow manure (Oc), poultry manure (Op), and vermicompost (Ov);all at 5 t·ha-1] as part of a split-plot experimental design with three replicates. In both seasons, significant differences in growth parameters including number of tillers hill-1, soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) values, total dry matter, yield, and yield components were observed in plants supplied with different inorganic fertilizers. The 100% NPK (I100) fertilizer produced the maximum yield but similar yields were achieved in plots supplied with 50% NPK (I50) and 75% NPK (I75). Significant differences in growth and yield parameters were also found in crops supplied with organic manures. Although identical quantities were supplied, Op produced the best growth parameters in both seasons including total dry matter, yield, and yield components. Oc also performed well. Combining inorganic and organic fertilizers demonstrated that I50 together with Op (5 t·ha-1) provided similar growth, total dry matter, and yield parameters to I100 in both seasons. Oc (5 t·ha-1) plus I75 also achieved similar yields to I100. This study demonstrates that the combined application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manures has the potential to reduce chemical fertilizer usage without decreasing the yield of hybrid rice, and can enhance the growth, yield, and yield components of Palethwe-1.

Growth, Yield and Yield Characteristics of Three Pepper Cultivars to Fertilizers Application in the Mount Cameroon Region

This study determined the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of three pepper cultivars in the Mount Cameroon Region. Pepper seedlings were treated with six treatments (T1 = no fertilizers (control), T2 = 250 Kg/ha NPK 20:10:10, T3 = 350 Kg/ha NPK 20:10:10, T4 = 450 Kg/ha NPK 20:10:10, T5 = 20 Mg/ha poultry manure (PM), T6 = 30 Mg/ha PM). The effects of fertilizers had a significant effect on vegetative growth and yield of Capsicum chinense cv. “Big Sun” plants had the maximum plant height (39.09 cm) and mean collar diameter (6.02 mm) in plots treated with poultry manure at 20 Mg/ha (T5) and 30 Mg/ha (T6) respectively. The highest yield (33.63 Mg/ha) was in Capsicum chinense cv. Safi plants supplied with 30 Mg/ha poultry manure (T6) and the lowest yield (10.44 Mg/ha) was in Capsicum frutescens in control plots (T1). The highest fruit diameter (11.08 mm) and longest fruits (18.39 mm) were observed in Capsicum chinense cv. Big Sun plants supplied with 30 Mg/ha poultry manure. Capsicum frutescens fruits had the highest concentration of N (2.39%), P (0.42%) and K (3.06%). Essential oils analysis shows that there were 179 essential oils from pepper fruits of Capsicum chinense cv. Safi, with major essential oil been 3,4-dimethyl-benzaldehyde and main essential oils were alpha Terpinene and alpha Pinene based on their abundance. Fruits of Capsicum chinense cv. Big Sun had two-hundred and eight essential oils with major essential oil been 1,3,5-Trimethyl-1-H-pyrazol-4-amine and main essential oils were Caryophyllene oxide and Cymene, based on their abundance. Fruits of Capsicum frutescens had one-hundred and eighty-one essential oils with major essential oil been Limonene, and main essential oils were Carvacrol and D-limonene with respect to abundance. Results show that 20 Mg/ha poultry manure was the most cost effective in the production of pepper in Buea Cameroon.

Effects of Integrated Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield and Growth Parameters of Rice Varieties

We investigated the effects of integrated organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of indica rice variety Manawthukha and japonica rice variety Genkitsukushi.In a split-plot design,the two rice varieties were assigned as main plot factors,and the integrated treatments were the subplot factors,including no-N fertilizer(N0),50%chemical fertilizer(CF)(CF50),100%CF(CF100),50%CF+50%poultry manure(PM)(CF50PM50),50%CF+50%cow manure(CM)(CF50CM50),and 50%CF+50%compost(CP)(CF50CP50).CF100 was equivalent to N at 85 kg/hm2.Manure was applied based on the estimated mineralizable nitrogen(EMN)level,which is dependent on total N(%)of each manure type.Manawthukha rice plants were taller with higher tiller number and dry matter content.However,higher soil-plant analysis development(SPAD)values were measured in Genkitsukushi throughout the crop growth period,resulting in higher seed-setting rate(%)and greater yield.At the same N level,CF50PM50 application in both rice varieties resulted in higher SPAD values,plant height and tiller number than CF100.CF50PM50 containing total N more than 4%supplied synchronized N for the demands of the rice plants,resulting in maximum dry matter,yield and yield components.CF50CM50 and CF50CP50 treatments containing total N less than 4%resulted in lower yields which were similar to CF100.These results indicated that integrating organic and inorganic fertilizers enhanced growth parameters and yields of Manawthukha and Genkitsukushi,while reducing the dose of chemical fertilizer.

Mitigation of N_(2)O emissions in water-saving paddy fields:Evaluating organic fertilizer substitution and microbial mechanisms

Water-saving irrigation strategies can successfully alleviate methane emissions from rice fields,but significantly stimulate nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions because of variations in soil oxygen level and redox potential.However,the relationship linking soil N_(2)O emissions to nitrogen functional genes during various fertilization treatments in water-saving paddy fields has rarely been investigated.Furthermore,the mitigation potential of organic fertilizer substitution on N_(2)O emissions and the microbial mechanism in rice fields must be further elucidated.Our study examined how soil N_(2)O emissions were affected by related functional microorganisms(ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA),ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB),nirS,nirK and nosZ)to various fertilization treatments in a rice field in southeast China over two years.In this study,three fertilization regimes were applied to rice cultivation:a no nitrogen(N)(Control),an inorganic N(Ni),and an inorganic N with partial N substitution with organic manure(N_(i)+N_(o)).Over two rice-growing seasons,cumulative N_(2)O emissions averaged 0.47,4.62 and 4.08 kg ha^(−1)for the Control,Ni and N_(i)+N_(o)treatments,respectively.In comparison to the Ni treatment,the N_(i)+N_(o)fertilization regime considerably reduced soil N_(2)O emissions by 11.6%while maintaining rice yield,with a lower N_(2)O emission factor(EF)from fertilizer N of 0.95%.Nitrogen fertilization considerably raised the AOB,nirS,nirK and nosZ gene abundances,in comparison to the Control treatment.Moreover,the substitution of organic manure for inorganic N fertilizer significantly decreased AOB and nirS gene abundances and increased nosZ gene abundance.The AOB responded to N fertilization more sensitively than the AOA.Total N_(2)O emissions significantly correlated positively with AOB and nirS gene abundances while having a negative correlation with nosZ gene abundance and the nosZ/nirS ratio across N-fertilized plots.In summary,we conclude that organic manure substitution for inorganic N fertilizer decreased soil N_(2)O emissions primarily by changing the soil NO_(3)^(−)-N,pH and DOC levels,thus inhibiting the activities of ammonia oxidation in nitrification and nitrite reduction in denitrification,and strengthening N_(2)O reduction in denitrification from water-saving rice paddies.

Effects of Several Organic Fertilizers on Organic Peach

The research explored the effects of compound management model on soil fertility and peach tree production, involving free-range chicken and returning chicken manure to fields. The results showed that the effects of chicken manure on soil fertility were poorer compared with organic fertilizers, but the former would bet-ter promote peach tree growth and improve yields. On the other hand, the peach fruits applied with chicken manures were smal in size and poor in commercial val-ue. What’s worse, disease rate reached 31.2% and the fruits could not be stored for a long term. Therefore, the compound management model combining agriculture and animal husbandry should intensify epidemic prevention to take place of organic fertilizers.

Preliminary Study on the Application of Jiayuan Organic Fertilizer on Tea Plant

A trial was conducted by using Jiayuan organic fertilizer in Chibi to investigate its effect on tea plant and ascertain the possibility of high quality and high yield.The results indicated that such organic fertilizer could achieve the effects of promoting the growth of tea plant,increasing the weight of the plucked flesh leaves,improving tea yield,increasing the contents of main functional substances such as tea polyphenols and amino acids and improving tea quality.It also showed excellent effect in maintaining or improving soil environmental sanitation indicators and contained no plant growth hormones.

Effect of N Fertilizers on Root Growth and Endogenous Hormones in Strawberry

Endogenous hormones play an important role in the growth and development of roots. The objective of this research was to study the effect of four types of N fertilizers on the root growth of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duchesne) and the endogenous enzymes of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and isopentenyl adenosine (iPA) in its roots and leaves using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Application of all types of N fertilizers significantly depressed (P ≤ 0.05) root growth at 20 d after transplanting. Application of organic-inorganic fertilizer (OIF) as basal fertilizer had a significant negative effect (P ≤ 0.05) on root growth. The application of OIF and urea lowered the lateral root frequency in strawberry plants at 60 d (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the application of two organic fertilizers (OFA and OFB) and the control (CK). With the fertilizer treatments, there were the same concentrations of IAA and ABA in both roots and leaves at the initial growth stage (20 d), lower levels of IAA and ABA at the later stage (60 d), and higher iPA levels at all seedling stages as compared to those of CK. Thus, changes in the concentrations of endogenous phytohormones in strawberry plants could be responsible for the morphological changes of roots due to fertilization.

The Application of Fertilizer and AMF Promotes Growth and Reduces the Cadmium and Lead Contents of Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) in a Copper Mining Area

Heavy metal-polluted soil was collected from the Pulang copper mine in Shangri-La City,Yunnan Province,Southwest China.The effects of fertilizer(organic and inorganic)and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)on ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum L.)growth,root morphology,mineral nutrition and cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)contents were investigated by pot experiments.The results showed that both fertilizer and AMF significantly ameliorated the root morphology and mineral nutrition,reduced the Cd and Pb contents,and promoted the growth of ryegrass.Among all treatments,the combined application of organic–inorganic compound fertilizer with AMF had the highest effect,resulting in increases in root length,surface area and branch number by 2.3,1.1,and 3.9 times,respectively;an 88%increase in plant biomass;a nitrogen content increase of 2.3 and 1.2 times,and phosphorus content increase of 62%and 68%in shoots and roots,respectively was also recorded as well as decreases in Cd content by 34%and 62%and Pb content by 47%and 34%in shoots and roots,respectively.Twofactor analysis showed that both fertilizer and AMF significantly promoted ryegrass growth(plant height,biomass,chlorophyll content,root length,nitrogen and phosphorus content)and reduced the Cd and Pb contents in roots,and there was a synergistic effect between them.Moreover,the nitrogen and phosphorus contents were very significantly positively correlated with the shoot and root biomasses but very significantly negatively correlated with the Cd and Pb contents of ryegrass.Thus,the application of fertilizer and AMF synergistically improved ryegrass growth on polluted soils in the copper mining area.

Requirements and Safeguard Measures for Using Soil Fertilizer in Organic Agriculture:A Case Study of Fushun City in Liaoning Province

This paper summarized the requirements of organic agriculture for soil environment,fertilizer application and irrigation water quality,put forward safeguard measures for organic agriculture in terms of soil,fertilizer and water,and finally came up with recommendations for strengthening the use of soil fertilizers in organic agriculture.

Calcium carbonate promotes the formation and stability of soil macroaggregates in mining areas of China

We studied changes in the concentrations of aggregate-cementing agents after different reclamation times and with different fertilization regimes,as well as the formation mechanism of aggregates in reclaimed soil,to provide a theoretical basis for rapid reclamation of soil fertility in the subsidence area of coal mines in Shanxi Province,China.In this study,soil samples of 0–20 cm depth were collected from four fertilization treatments of a longterm experiment started in 2008:no fertilizer (CK),inorganic fertilizer (NPK),chicken manure compost (M),and50%inorganic fertilizer plus 50%chicken manure compost (MNPK).The concentrations of cementing agents and changes in soil aggregate size distribution and stability were analysed.The results showed that the formation of>2 mm aggregates,the aggregate mean weight diameter (MWD),and the proportion of>0.25 mm water-stable aggregates (WR_(0.25)) increased significantly after 6 and 11 years of reclamation.The concentration of organic cementing agents tended to increase with reclamation time,whereas free iron oxide (Fed) and free aluminium oxide(Ald) concentrations initially increased but then decreased.In general,the MNPK treatment signi?cantly increased the concentrations of organic cementing agents and CaCO_(3),and CaCO_(3) increased by 60.4%at 11 years after reclamation.Additionally,CaCO_(3) had the greatest effect on the stability of aggregates,promoting the formation of>0.25 mm aggregates and accounting for 54.4%of the variance in the proportion and stability of the aggregates.It was concluded that long-term reclamation is bene?cial for improving soil structure.The MNPK treatment was the most effective measure for increasing maize grain yield and concentration of organic cementing agents and CaCO_(3).

Evaluation of Economic Importance of Locally Produced Manure over Inorganic Fertilizer for Maize Production: Vegetative Performance and Cost Implication

Background: Crops of economic importance like Maize are preferred to other crops with capacity of giving the highest yields, having the ability to help alleviate poverty within the African continent. The consistent use of inorganic fertilizers has great adverse effect on soil structure. The quest to seek alternative method of boosting maize production is imminent to avoid further soil degradation. Most plants form symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizae and improve nutrients uptake by host plants. Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of mycorrhizae in local manure production on development of maize, in comparison with inorganic fertilizer application and its cost implication. Methods: The experiment involved samples of starter soil from 7 local governments. Organic waste was added to starter soil, each having three replicates. Nine other replicates served as non-inoculated controls and nine served for fertilizer application at 50 g, 100 g and 150 g. One [1] gram of Maize sown in 50 ml pot contains soil at different treatment levels 50 g, 100 g, and 150 g. After two weeks, samples were transplanted in an open field. Results: The result showed plots treated with locally produced fertilizer, significantly influenced plant height, culm diameter, number of leaves and leaf broadness in comparison to inorganic fertilizer, which showed 53%, 47% respectively. Conclusion: Cost production of a bag of organic fertilizer was one-fourth cheaper compared to an inorganic fertilizer price from an open market.

Substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch improves the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon in a double-rice cropping system

The double-rice cropping system is a very important intensive cropping system for food security in China. There have been few studies of the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the double-rice cropping system following a partial substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch (Mv). We conducted a 10-year (2008–2017) field experiment in Nan County, South-Central China, to examine the double-rice productivity and SOC accumulation in a paddy soil in response to different fertilization levels and Mv application (22.5 Mg ha^–1). Fertilizer and Mv were applied both individually and in combination (sole chemical fertilizers, Mv plus 100, 80, 60, 40, and 0% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers, labeled as F100, MF100, MF80, MF60, MF40, and MF0, respectively). It was found that the grain yields of double-rice crop in treatments receiving Mv were reduced when the dose of chemical fertilizer was reduced, while the change in SOC stock displayed a double peak curve. The MF100 produced the highest double-rice yield and SOC stock, with the value higher by 13.5 and 26.8% than that in the F100. However, the grain yields increased in the MF80 (by 8.4% compared to the F100), while the SOC stock only increased by 8.4%. Analogous to the change of grain yield, the sustainable yield index (SYI) of double rice were improved significantly in the MF100 and MF80 compared to the F100, while there was a slight increase in the MF60 and MF40. After a certain amount of Mv input (22.5 Mg ha^–1), the carbon sequestration rate was affected by the nutrient input due to the stimulation of microbial biomass. Compared with the MF0, the MF100 and MF40 resulted in a dramatically higher carbon sequestration rate (with the value higher by 71.6 and 70.1%), whereas the MF80 induced a lower carbon sequestration rate with the value lower by 70.1% compared to the MF0. Based on the above results we suggested that Mv could partially replace chemical fertilizers (e.g., 40–60%) to improve or maintain the productivity and sustainability of the double-rice cropping system in South-Central China.

Changes of Organic Matter, N, P and K Content of Soils in Red Soil Areas Under Long-Term Experiment

The content of organic matter （OM）, nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P）, and potassium （K） in the three selected soils, including Calcaric Purpli-Orthic Primosols （purple sand-shale parent material）, Dystric Turbi-Anthric Primosols （quaternary red clay parent material） and Typic Udi-Sandic Primosols （granite parent material） were studied under a long-term experiment by using crop straw and inorganic fertilizers at the Hunan Red Soil Experiment Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The results showed that the contents of OM, N, P and K in the three selected soils increased after 23 years application of crop straw and inorganic fertilizers, but the contents increased much less when crop straw or inorganic fertilizers was applied alone. The nutrient contents in the three soils developed from granite changed more remarkably than those in the soil derived from quaternary red clay and purple sand-shale. It was also found that the contents of OM, N, and P increased slightly in the treatments without applying fertilizers or returning the crop straw to the root bed. Combined application of inorganic fertilizers and crop straw could remarkably increase the contents of OM, alkalihydrolyzable N and available K, the positive correlation between application of organic fertilizers and increase of OM in soil did not always happened, it provided evidence for the relation between appropriate C/N ratio and accumulation of OM in soil. The increase of nutrient content was influenced by the soil properties. By comparing the contents of nutrient in 0-20 cm depth in the three different soils, it was concluded that the most increases of OM, alkali-hydrolyzable N, and available P were observed in Typic Udi-Sandic Primosols with the average increase by 3.03, 27.38, and 21.73 mg kg^-1, respectively. The available K increased in Dystric Turbi-Anthric Primosols with the average increase by 25.82 mg kg^-1, while it decreased in Calcaric Purpli-Orthic Primosols and Typic Udi-Sandic Primosols. It was concluded that the application of inorganic fertilizer and crop straw was important to improve the soil fertility for all of three selected soils. The straw return to the field had played a significant role for enhancement of the soil quality in the study areas. The application of inorganic fertilizer combined with the straw return to the fields could remarkably improve the soil fertility.

Effects of Sinochem Microbial Organic Fertilizer on Tea Plants

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the application effects of Sinochem microbial organic fertilizer on tea plants.[Methods]Through the experiment and demonstration of Sinochem microbial organic fertilizer,its effects on the yield and quality of tea and the physical and chemical quality of soil were explored.[Results]Compared with the conventional organic fertilizer cake fertilizer,the fertilizer could increase the weight of freshly picked bud leaves,increase the yield of tea,and thus promote the growth of tea plants.It increased the contents of chlorophyll components,amino acids and tea polyphenols,the main functional substances of tea,which was conducive to improving the internal quality of tea.It improved the physical and chemical properties of soil,and increased the contents of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus in tea garden soil.It also had a good effect in improving soil environmental health indexes and physical and chemical properties,and did not contain heavy metals and plant growth hormones.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of Sinochem microbial organic fertilizer.

氮磷配施和化肥减施对小麦生长、养分利用及产量性状的影响

为明确氮磷配施和化肥减施对小麦生长、养分利用及产量性状的影响,以8个晋南主栽品种为材料,于2019—2021年开展水培和大田定位试验,水培试验设置4个氮磷水平(N 0.2 mmol·L^(-1)+P 0.1 mmol·L^(-1)、N 0.2 mmol·L^(-1)+P 2.5 mmol·L^(-1)、N 4 mmol·L^(-1)+P 0.1 mmol·L^(-1)、N 4 mmol·L^(-1)+P 2.5 mmol·L^(-1)),对不同小麦品种苗期性状进行初步考察筛选;大田试验设置常规施肥(CF)、化肥减施(FR)和不施肥(CK)3个处理,研究不同年型下化肥减施对小麦生长发育、养分利用及产量的影响。结果表明,水培条件下,不同氮磷水平品育8161株高、根长、植株干重、根干重及根冠比均最低;良星67在低磷时正常氮较低氮植株干重增幅仅为17.07%,根干重反而降低,且在正常氮磷时根冠比较低。大田生产条件下,2019—2020年度(丰水年)化肥减施处理下以品育8012、济麦22产量较高,二者差异不显著,邯农1412产量最低,仅为7520.18 kg·hm^(-2)。其中,山农20、中麦4072和邯农1412产量均表现为化肥减施显著低于常规施肥。2020—2021年度(干旱年)化肥减施处理下济麦22产量为6191.53 kg·hm^(-2),显著高于品育8012和石农086,其籽粒氮素积累量和磷素吸收效率均最高,分别为130.35 kg·hm^(-2)和0.79 kg·kg^(-1)。干旱年减施化肥导致小麦生育后期叶片早衰,显著降低成熟期干物质积累,但对茎秆形态特征影响较小。综上,晋南小麦-玉米轮作区小麦生育期基施纯N 180.0 kg·hm^(-2)、P_(2)O_(5)105.0 kg·hm^(-2)、K_(2)O34.5 kg·hm^(-2),拔节期追施纯N 60.0 kg·hm^(-2)时,丰水年品育8012和济麦22产量较高,干旱年济麦22产量最高,且化肥减施有利于提高济麦22开花前营养器官干物质贮藏再转运量及其对籽粒的贡献率和第3节间厚度。单纯的连年化肥减施在干旱年份会导致小麦产量的稳定性和可持续性降低。本研究结果为晋南麦区小麦稳产高效栽培提供了技术参考。

氮、磷、钾配施对葛根生长及品质的影响

为探明氮、磷、钾肥配施对葛根生长及品质的影响,为葛根高效栽培提供合理的施肥技术支撑和理论依据,采用L_(9)(3~4)正交试验设计,研究氮、磷、钾配施对葛根产量和主要功能成分的影响,明确研究区葛根氮、磷、钾的最佳施用量。结果表明,不同施肥方案对葛根产量和功能成分的影响显著,其中以N_(3)P_(1)K_(2)(N 270kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)45 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 90 kg/hm^(2))处理的产量和总黄酮含量最高,分别为2.13 kg/株和83.10 mg/g;N_(1)P_(3)K_(2)(N 90 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)135 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 90 kg/hm^(2))的葛根素含量最高,为24.85 mg/g,N_(1)P_(2)K_(3)(N 90 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)90 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 135 kg/hm^(2))处理的大豆苷和大豆苷元含量均为最高,分别为22.96和2.55 mg/g。氮、磷、钾肥配施对葛根产量和葛根素含量影响的大小顺序为氮肥>钾肥>磷肥。以葛根产量为目标的最佳施肥量为N 270 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)135 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 90 kg/hm^(2),以葛根品质提升为目标的最佳施肥量为N 180 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)135 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 90 kg/hm^(2)。

有机-无机复混肥施用对广西典型烟田土壤肥力及烟草品质的影响

采用田间试验并选择典型高肥力、低肥力烟田土壤,设置茶籽粕+无机肥(T)、菜籽粕+无机肥(R)和花生粕+无机肥(P)3个处理,研究有机-无机复混肥施用对广西典型烟田土壤肥力和烟草品质的影响。结果表明:有机-无机复混肥施用可提高土壤微生物活性,加速有机物料矿化,促进土壤速效养分积累,改善土壤结构,尤其在低肥力水平下花生粕的添加表现最为明显;能促进总糖、钾、氯等元素在烟草中的积累,但有机物料添加对烟草品质的影响明显低于初始肥力烟田土壤。高肥力土壤有助于烟草中钾、氯等元素积累,但总糖、还原糖、糖碱比均显著低于低肥力烟田土壤。针对烟草工业需求,在实际生产中应重点关注中、低产田土壤,结合肥料调控开展优质烟叶原料生产。

冷凉区黑土有机质和玉米产量双提升技术探索及经济效益分析

为明确有机肥还田+保护性耕作措施下黑龙江省西部土壤有机质和作物产量的双提升技术效果,2021年10月,在黑龙江省西部齐齐哈尔市梅里斯区开展试验,以玉米为供试作物,设置5个处理:有机肥+深松40 cm(YS40)、秸秆留茬+深松40 cm(WS40)、有机肥+旋耕20 cm(YS20)、秸秆留茬+旋耕20 cm(WS20)、有机肥表施+免耕(YB);一个对照:秸秆留茬+免耕(CK)。结果表明:施入有机肥的处理能够提升深土层土壤肥力,在20~40 cm土层中YS20处理与CK处理相比有机质和全氮依次提升11.56 g·kg^(-1)和0.57 g·kg^(-1);40~60 cm土层中YS40处理与CK处理相比有机质和全氮依次提升2.83 g·kg^(-1)和0.28 g·kg^(-1)。土壤结构方面,在0~20 cm土层中YB处理的容重较CK降低17.5%、含水量提升35.5%,40~60 cm土层中YS40处理的容重较CK处理降低5.3%、含水量提升38.4%。有机肥与保护性耕作处理提高了玉米不同生育时期叶面积指数、叶绿素含量和干物质积累量,进而提高了玉米产量,第二年的YS40、YS20、YB处理较CK处理分别增产14.5%、18.5%、11.4%。收益分析表明,与CK处理相比,2021年YB处理和2022年YS20处理收益增加最多,分别增加5770元·hm^(-2)和5223元·hm^(-2)。综上所述,黑龙江省西部薄层黑土实施有机肥还田+保护性耕作是提升土壤有机质、有机碳储量、全氮、全氮储量、玉米产量和经济效益的有效措施。

氮磷钾配施对茉莉花产量及花汛期的影响

为了探寻氮磷钾配施最佳方案,为茉莉花科学施肥提供参考,选择立地条件具有区域代表性的地块为试验地,以试验地原有种植的树龄15年的广西壮族自治区横州市主栽品种横州市双瓣茉莉为供试材料,采用“3414”试验设计开展施肥效应试验,研究氮磷钾配施对横州市茉莉花产量及花汛的影响,以明晰横州市茉莉花种植区域环境条件下鲜花产量对氮磷钾的需求差异,为茉莉花科学施肥及鲜花增产提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)广西横州市茉莉花种植试验地的土壤养分对横县双瓣茉莉生产而言,速效氮含量过剩,而有效磷和速效钾处于中等偏低水平;(2)在氮磷钾3种肥料的互作效应中,磷肥和钾肥的互作效应最高,其次为氮磷钾肥和氮钾肥的互作效应;(3)不同的施肥处理的茉莉花日产量消长同步,不同氮磷钾配施对茉莉花花汛期的影响不显著;(4)在茉莉花的稳定花期(6—9月)中,各月均有花汛期出现,其中,7月平均日产量最高,8月平均日产量最稳定;(5)氮磷钾配施对茉莉花产量有显著影响,影响由大到小为磷肥>钾肥>氮肥;(6)本研究中,三元二次方程拟合不成功,一元二次方程方面仅有N的效应方程拟合成功,P、K的效应方程均拟合失败,而在二元二次方程中,NP、NK、PK的3个效应方程均拟合成功;对拟合成功的方程进行求解,排除实际操作中无法达到的施肥量,综合考虑试验地土壤速效氮含量过剩及减少种植户的投资成本等因素,推荐施肥方式及施肥量为磷肥393.64 kg/hm^(2),钾肥381.59 kg/hm^(2)。