By two years (2007-2008) located fertilizer experiment, the effect of long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on black soil fertility and crop yield was investigated in Shuangcheng City, ...By two years (2007-2008) located fertilizer experiment, the effect of long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on black soil fertility and crop yield was investigated in Shuangcheng City, Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the organinc matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. At the same time, the increasing application of organic fertilizer could reduce the soil bulk density and improve the field moisture capacity. Field moisture capacity and organic matter of the combined application of high quantities of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers AtB5 treatment increased the fhstest, organic matter increased by 3.33 g. kg and field moisture capacity increased by 11.25% than the beginning of the experiment. Under the same fertilization, the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers' increasing production range was higher than the single chemical fertilizers' which was from 0.8% to 9.4%. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the nutrient contents of soil and also was the highest productivity contribution to black soil fertility. It was the best fertilization structure of increasing productivity level and improving the soil fertility.展开更多
The experiment was conducted in the abandoned land of Liangjia Village,Huayin City,Shaanxi Province from April to September 2019.The experimental crop was spring maize.A total of six treatments were set up in a random...The experiment was conducted in the abandoned land of Liangjia Village,Huayin City,Shaanxi Province from April to September 2019.The experimental crop was spring maize.A total of six treatments were set up in a randomized block design.The moisture content of the top 0-60 cm soil was determined regularly,and the yield and quality indices of maize at maturity were checked.The results show that:(i)combined organic-inorganic fertilization increased the yield of spring maize by 3%-8%.(ii)Compared with CK,fertilization treatments significantly improved the water use efficiency of spring maize,with an increase of 59.2%.The average water use efficiency of three combined organic-inorganic fertilization treatments was 27.81 kg/(ha·mm).Compared with CON,combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly improved the water use efficiency of spring maize,with an increase of 12.5%.(iii)The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers increased the moisture,total starch,crude protein and crude fat contents,and reduced crude fiber content of maize kernels.However,with the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer,the crude protein content of maize kernels decreased.(iv)Yield of spring maize showed a significant parabolic relationship with soil water consumption.In summary,70%inorganic fertilizer+30%organic fertilizer is a scientific and reasonable way of fertilization.展开更多
近地层臭氧(O_(3))已严重威胁到作物生产,而施肥可以调节土壤的养分平衡,进而促进作物生长。以两个水稻品种(徽两优898和南粳9108)为研究对象,利用开顶式气室,设置2个O_(3)浓度处理(NF:环境大气为对照;NF40:环境大气+40 nmol/mol O_(3))...近地层臭氧(O_(3))已严重威胁到作物生产,而施肥可以调节土壤的养分平衡,进而促进作物生长。以两个水稻品种(徽两优898和南粳9108)为研究对象,利用开顶式气室,设置2个O_(3)浓度处理(NF:环境大气为对照;NF40:环境大气+40 nmol/mol O_(3)),每个O_(3)处理下嵌套设置3个肥料处理(Ino:施无机肥处理,270 kg N hm^(-2) a^(-1);Red:减施无机肥30%处理,189 kg N hm^(-2) a^(-1);Com:有机无机肥配施处理,Red+有机肥鸡粪5000 kg hm^(-2) a^(-1)),通过测定不同生育期水稻光合参数,探究不同肥料处理下O_(3)对水稻不同生育阶段光合生理的影响。结果表明,NF40对水稻营养生长阶段的饱和光合速率(A_(sat))没有显著影响,而显著地降低了水稻灌浆期的A_(sat)。基于两个水稻品种的A_(sat)和相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)相对减少量与O_(3)累积剂量关系的斜率,发现杂交稻徽两优898(A_(sat)和SPAD的斜率:-1.55和-0.98)比常规稻南粳9108(A_(sat)和SPAD的斜率:-0.92和0.06)对O_(3)更敏感。此外,基于不同O_(3)处理下水稻的气孔导度(g_(s))和胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_(i)),可以看出O_(3)造成南粳9108光合速率降低的主要是非气孔因素,而徽两优898光合的降低是由气孔因素和非气孔因素共同限制。与Ino处理相比,Red处理主要通过降低叶片SPAD进而显著地抑制两种水稻品种的A_(sat),但Ino处理和Com处理间A_(sat)没有显著差异,说明有机无机肥配施能部分缓解减施无机肥造成水稻光合的降低。O_(3)和肥料处理对两个水稻的所有光合参数都没有显著的交互影响,表明短期有机无机肥配施并不能有效缓解O_(3)对作物造成的负面影响。在O_(3)污染背景下,研究结果可以为通过合理的农田氮肥管理措施减缓O_(3)造成的作物减产提供理论依据。展开更多
【目的】通过整合前人研究结果进行定量分析,为甘蔗绿色施肥及高效生产提供参考。【方法】基于中国知网,万方数据和Web of Science数据库,以“甘蔗”“产量”和“有机肥”等为关键词相互组合后进行文献检索,并提取相应数据。采用Meta分...【目的】通过整合前人研究结果进行定量分析,为甘蔗绿色施肥及高效生产提供参考。【方法】基于中国知网,万方数据和Web of Science数据库,以“甘蔗”“产量”和“有机肥”等为关键词相互组合后进行文献检索,并提取相应数据。采用Meta分析方法,以单施化肥处理为对照,选择反应比作为效应值,整合分析有机无机配施对新植甘蔗生产的综合影响,及影响甘蔗产量效应的因素。【结果】有机无机配施能显著提高新植甘蔗的农艺性状、产量和蔗糖分,其中甘蔗产量和蔗糖分的增长率(Z)分别为10.72%和2.33%。2003—2023年,有机无机配施对甘蔗的增产效应显著;除了云南蔗区,其余4省(自治区)蔗区甘蔗增产效应显著;有机无机配施在5种常见蔗田土壤中均对甘蔗表现出显著的增产效应,且土壤pH和肥力越低,增产效果越显著。在5个中国内地主栽甘蔗品种中,有机无机配施对‘云蔗08-1609’的增产效应最高(Z=22.94%),对‘新台糖22号’的增产效应最低(Z=7.99%);动物源有机肥与化肥配施对甘蔗的增产效应(Z=13.13%)要优于植物源有机肥与化肥配施(Z=11.48%);有机无机配施对甘蔗的增产效应随种植行距和无机氮肥施用量的增加呈增长趋势,当种植行距>1.15 m,无机氮肥施用量>300 kg/hm2时甘蔗的增产效应达到最高,分别为Z=15.79%、Z=13.62%。【结论】有机无机配施能够显著提高新植甘蔗的农艺性状与经济性状,是一种高效的施肥技术。同时,有机无机配施对新植甘蔗的增产效应受种植年份、种植区域、土壤类型和理化性质、种植品种和栽培措施的显著影响,需要因地制宜地制定栽培管理策略。展开更多
基金Supported by Black Soil Conservation Tillage and Oriented Cultivation Technology Research (GB06B107-1)Innovation Fund of Northeast Agricultural University (CXP7003-3-3)+1 种基金Northeast Agricultural University and the Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Province to Black CollegesUniversities Cold Key Laboratory of Utilization and Protection of Open-funded Projects (GXS08-5)
文摘By two years (2007-2008) located fertilizer experiment, the effect of long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on black soil fertility and crop yield was investigated in Shuangcheng City, Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the organinc matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. At the same time, the increasing application of organic fertilizer could reduce the soil bulk density and improve the field moisture capacity. Field moisture capacity and organic matter of the combined application of high quantities of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers AtB5 treatment increased the fhstest, organic matter increased by 3.33 g. kg and field moisture capacity increased by 11.25% than the beginning of the experiment. Under the same fertilization, the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers' increasing production range was higher than the single chemical fertilizers' which was from 0.8% to 9.4%. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the nutrient contents of soil and also was the highest productivity contribution to black soil fertility. It was the best fertilization structure of increasing productivity level and improving the soil fertility.
基金Internal Research Project of Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co.,Ltd.(DJNY2019-6).
文摘The experiment was conducted in the abandoned land of Liangjia Village,Huayin City,Shaanxi Province from April to September 2019.The experimental crop was spring maize.A total of six treatments were set up in a randomized block design.The moisture content of the top 0-60 cm soil was determined regularly,and the yield and quality indices of maize at maturity were checked.The results show that:(i)combined organic-inorganic fertilization increased the yield of spring maize by 3%-8%.(ii)Compared with CK,fertilization treatments significantly improved the water use efficiency of spring maize,with an increase of 59.2%.The average water use efficiency of three combined organic-inorganic fertilization treatments was 27.81 kg/(ha·mm).Compared with CON,combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly improved the water use efficiency of spring maize,with an increase of 12.5%.(iii)The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers increased the moisture,total starch,crude protein and crude fat contents,and reduced crude fiber content of maize kernels.However,with the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer,the crude protein content of maize kernels decreased.(iv)Yield of spring maize showed a significant parabolic relationship with soil water consumption.In summary,70%inorganic fertilizer+30%organic fertilizer is a scientific and reasonable way of fertilization.
文摘近地层臭氧(O_(3))已严重威胁到作物生产,而施肥可以调节土壤的养分平衡,进而促进作物生长。以两个水稻品种(徽两优898和南粳9108)为研究对象,利用开顶式气室,设置2个O_(3)浓度处理(NF:环境大气为对照;NF40:环境大气+40 nmol/mol O_(3)),每个O_(3)处理下嵌套设置3个肥料处理(Ino:施无机肥处理,270 kg N hm^(-2) a^(-1);Red:减施无机肥30%处理,189 kg N hm^(-2) a^(-1);Com:有机无机肥配施处理,Red+有机肥鸡粪5000 kg hm^(-2) a^(-1)),通过测定不同生育期水稻光合参数,探究不同肥料处理下O_(3)对水稻不同生育阶段光合生理的影响。结果表明,NF40对水稻营养生长阶段的饱和光合速率(A_(sat))没有显著影响,而显著地降低了水稻灌浆期的A_(sat)。基于两个水稻品种的A_(sat)和相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)相对减少量与O_(3)累积剂量关系的斜率,发现杂交稻徽两优898(A_(sat)和SPAD的斜率:-1.55和-0.98)比常规稻南粳9108(A_(sat)和SPAD的斜率:-0.92和0.06)对O_(3)更敏感。此外,基于不同O_(3)处理下水稻的气孔导度(g_(s))和胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_(i)),可以看出O_(3)造成南粳9108光合速率降低的主要是非气孔因素,而徽两优898光合的降低是由气孔因素和非气孔因素共同限制。与Ino处理相比,Red处理主要通过降低叶片SPAD进而显著地抑制两种水稻品种的A_(sat),但Ino处理和Com处理间A_(sat)没有显著差异,说明有机无机肥配施能部分缓解减施无机肥造成水稻光合的降低。O_(3)和肥料处理对两个水稻的所有光合参数都没有显著的交互影响,表明短期有机无机肥配施并不能有效缓解O_(3)对作物造成的负面影响。在O_(3)污染背景下,研究结果可以为通过合理的农田氮肥管理措施减缓O_(3)造成的作物减产提供理论依据。
文摘【目的】通过整合前人研究结果进行定量分析,为甘蔗绿色施肥及高效生产提供参考。【方法】基于中国知网,万方数据和Web of Science数据库,以“甘蔗”“产量”和“有机肥”等为关键词相互组合后进行文献检索,并提取相应数据。采用Meta分析方法,以单施化肥处理为对照,选择反应比作为效应值,整合分析有机无机配施对新植甘蔗生产的综合影响,及影响甘蔗产量效应的因素。【结果】有机无机配施能显著提高新植甘蔗的农艺性状、产量和蔗糖分,其中甘蔗产量和蔗糖分的增长率(Z)分别为10.72%和2.33%。2003—2023年,有机无机配施对甘蔗的增产效应显著;除了云南蔗区,其余4省(自治区)蔗区甘蔗增产效应显著;有机无机配施在5种常见蔗田土壤中均对甘蔗表现出显著的增产效应,且土壤pH和肥力越低,增产效果越显著。在5个中国内地主栽甘蔗品种中,有机无机配施对‘云蔗08-1609’的增产效应最高(Z=22.94%),对‘新台糖22号’的增产效应最低(Z=7.99%);动物源有机肥与化肥配施对甘蔗的增产效应(Z=13.13%)要优于植物源有机肥与化肥配施(Z=11.48%);有机无机配施对甘蔗的增产效应随种植行距和无机氮肥施用量的增加呈增长趋势,当种植行距>1.15 m,无机氮肥施用量>300 kg/hm2时甘蔗的增产效应达到最高,分别为Z=15.79%、Z=13.62%。【结论】有机无机配施能够显著提高新植甘蔗的农艺性状与经济性状,是一种高效的施肥技术。同时,有机无机配施对新植甘蔗的增产效应受种植年份、种植区域、土壤类型和理化性质、种植品种和栽培措施的显著影响,需要因地制宜地制定栽培管理策略。