Model Selection of Gas Turbine for Large Scale Gas-Fired Combined Cycle Power Plant

This paper briefs the configuration and performance of large size gas turbines and their composed combined cycle power plants designed and produced by four large renown gas turbine manufacturing firms in the world, providing reference for the relevant sectors and enterprises in importing advanced gas turbines and technologies.

Performance and Economic Study of Oxy-fuel Gas Turbine Power Plant Utilizing Nuclear Steam Generator

The authors propose a new closed cycle oxy-fuel gas turbine power plant that utilizes a nuclear heat generator. A pressurized water reactor （PWR） is designed to supply saturated steam to an oxy-fuel gas turbine for a specific power output increase The saturated steam from the reactor can have lower pressure and temperature than those of an existing PWR. In this study, the authors estimated plant performances from a heat balance model based on a conceptual design of a hybrid plant and calculated the generating costs of the proposed plant from the Japanese cost data of an existing PWR plant and an liquefied natural gas （LNG） combined cycle gas turbine plant. The generating efficiency of an oxy-fuel gas turbine plant without a nuclear steam generator is estimated to be less than 35%. Based on this efficiency, with a nuclear steam generator contributing to the power output of the proposed hybrid plant, the corresponding generating efficiency is estimated to be around 45%, even if the steam conditions are lower than in an existing PWR. The generating costs are 15-20% lower than those calculated from the weighted heat performances of both an oxy-fuel gas turbine plant without a nuclear steam generator and an existing PWR plant.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Alternative Marine Fuels for Marine Gas Turbine Power Plants

The marine shipping industry faces challenges to reduce engine exhaust emissions and greenhouse gases （GHGs） from ships, and in particular, carbon dioxide. International regulatory bodies such as the International Maritime Organization and National Environmental Agencies of many countries have issued rules and regulations to drastically reduce GHG and emissions emanating from marine sources. This study investigates the possibility of using natural gas and hydrogen as alternative fuels to diesel oil for marine gas turbines and uses a mathematical model to assess the effect of these alternative fuels on gas turbine thermodynamic performance. Results show that since natural gas is categorized as a hydrocarbon fuel, the thermodynamic performance of the gas turbine cycle using natural gas was close to that of the diesel case. However, the gas turbine thermal efficiency was found to be slightly lower for natural gas and hydrogen fuels compared to diesel fuel.

Improved Design of a 25 MW Gas Turbine Plant Using Combined Cycle Application

This paper presents the improved design of a 25 MW gas turbine power plant at Omoku in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria, using combined cycle application. It entails retrofitting a steam bottoming plant to the existing 25 MW gas turbine plant by incorporating a heat recovery steam generator. The focus is to improve performance as well as reduction in total emission to the environment. Direct data collection was performed from the HMI monitoring screen, log books and manufacturer’s manual. Employing the application of MATLAB, the thermodynamics equations were modeled and appropriate parameters of the various components of the steam turbine power plant were determined. The results show that the combined cycle system had a total power output of 37.9 MW, made up of 25.0 MW from the gas turbine power plant and 12.9 MW (an increase of about 51%) from the steam turbine plant, having an HRSG, condenser and feed pump capacities of 42.46 MW, 29.61 MW and 1.76 MW respectively. The condenser cooling water parameters include a mass flow of 1180.42 kg/s, inlet and outlet temperatures of 29.8°C and 35.8°C respectively. The cycle efficiency of the dry mode gas turbine was 26.6% whereas, after modification, the combined cycle power plant overall efficiency is 48.8% (about 84% increases). Hence, SIEMENS steam turbine product of MODEL: SST-150 was recommended as the steam bottoming plant. Also the work reveals that a heat flow of about 42.46 MW which was otherwise being wasted in the exhaust gas of the 25 MW gas turbine power plant could be converted to 12.9 MW of electric power, thus reducing the total emission to the environment.

Performance of Regenerative Gas Turbine Power Plant

This study aims to investigate the effect of regeneration on the output power and the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine power plant. The effect of ambient air temperature, regeneration effectiveness, and compression ratio on the cycle thermal efficiency was also investigated. An existed gas turbine power plant of AL ZAWIA is used as a base in this study, and the calculations were carried out utilizing MATLAB code. This intensive parametric study was conducted based on the fundamental of thermodynamics and gas turbine relations considering the effect of the operation conditions (ambient air temperature, regeneration effectiveness and compression ratio). It was found that adding regeneration to the simple gas turbine cycle results in an increase in the thermal efficiency of cycle. It was also found that including regeneration in gas turbine cycle results in an increase in the output power of the cycle, and it results in a decrease in the exhaust gas temperature. The effect of the regeneration effectiveness was also predicted. It was found that increasing of regeneration effectiveness results in an increase in the output power of the cycle. It was also found that the cycle thermal efficiency increases with increasing of the regenerative effectiveness. The effect of ambient air temperature was also predicted. Increasing of the ambient air temperature results in a decrease in the thermal efficiency of the cycle.

Performance of a 270 MW Gas Power Plant Using Exergy and Heat Rate

The performance of a 270 MW (9 × 30 MW) AES Corporation barge mounted gas turbine power plant in Nigeria is evaluated using the heat rate and entropy generation by the components of the plant to characterize the irreversibility in each component when operating at different loads between 90% and 25%. The power plants have the peculiarity that three of the plants were supplied by three (3) different Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM);A, B and C. This study is sequel to the fact that the gas turbines were the first independent power plants in the country and after more than fifteen years of operation, it is reasonable to evaluate the performance of the major components. By analyzing the thermodynamic performance of these components, the study demonstrates the utility value of exergy efficiency as an important parameter in the evaluation of major components in a gas power plant. Exergy efficiency is shown to be an important parameter in ranking the power plant components, identifying and quantifying the possible areas of reduction in thermodynamic losses and improvement in efficiencies. A new relationship is derived to demonstrate the correlation between the exergy efficiency and the heat rate of a 30 MW gas power plant. The prediction of the derived relationship correlates well with the observed operational performance of the 30 MW power plants. The combustion chamber in each of the plants provides the maximum exergy destruction during operation. Its exergy efficiency is shown to exhibit good correlation with its energy efficiency and the plant rational exergy. The implication is that from an operational and component selection viewpoint in the specifications of a gas power plant, knowledge of the Heat Rate which is usually provided by the OEM is adequate to make a reasonable inference on the performance of some critical components of the plant.

Low Steam Condition Heat Generator Combined with Advanced Oxy-Fuel Combustion LNG Gas Turbine for Power Generation

We propose a novel concept for power generation that involves the combination of a LSCHG （low-steam-condition heat generator）, such as a light water nuclear reactor or a biomass combustion boiler, with an advanced closed-cycle oxy-fuel combustion gas turbine-a type of complex and efficient oxy-fuel gas turbine. In this study, a LSCHG is designed to heat water to saturated steam of a few MPa, to assist in the generation of the main working fluids, instead of a compressor used in the advanced oxy-fuel gas turbine. This saturated steam can have a lower pressure and temperature than those of an existing nuclear power plant or biomass-fired power plant. We estimated plant performances in LHV （lower heating value） basis from a heat balance model based on a conceptual design of a plant for different gas turbine inlet pressures and temperatures of 1,300 ℃ and 1,500 ℃, taking into account the work to produce O2 and capture CO2. While the net power generating efficiencies of a reference plant are estimated to be about 52.0% and 56.0% at 1,300 ℃ and 1,500 ℃, respectively, and conventional LSCHG power plant is assumed to have an efficiency of about 35% or less for pressures of 2.5-6.5 MPa, the proposed hybrid plant achieved 42.8%-44.7% at 1,300 ℃ and 47.8%-49.2% at 1,500 ℃. In the proposed plant, even supposing that the generating efficiency of the LNG system in the proposed plant remains equal to that of the reference plant, the efficiency of LSCHG system can be estimated 37.4% for 6.5 MPa and 33.2% for 2.5 MPa, even though the LSHCG system may be regarded as consisting of fewer plant facilities than a conventional LSCHG power plant.

Overview of Past, Present and Future Marine Power Plants

In efforts to overcome an foreseeable energy crisis predicated on limited oil and gas supplies, reserves; economic variations facing the world, and of course the environmental side effects of fossil fuels, an urgent need for energy sources that provide sustainable, safe and economic supplies for the world is imperative. The current fossil fuel energy system must be improved to ensure a better and cleaner transportation future for the world. Despite the fact that the marine transportation sector consumes only 5% of global petroleum production; it is responsible for 15% of the world NOx and SOx emissions. These figures must be the engine that powers the scientific research worldwide to develop new solutions for a very old energy problem. In this paper, the most effective types of marine power plants were discussed. The history of the development of each type was presented first and the technical aspects were discussed second. Also, the fuel ceils as a new type of power plants used in marine sector were briefed to give a complete overview of the past, present and future of the marine power plants development. Based on the increased worldwide concerns regarding harmful emissions, many researchers have introduced solutions to this problem, including the adoption of new cleaner fuels. This paper was guided using the same trend and by implementing the hydrogen as fuel for marine internal combustion engine, gas turbines, and fuel cells.

Application of Supercritical CO2 Gas Turbine for the Fossil Fired Thermal Plant

A supercritical CO2 gas turbine cycle can produce power at high efficiency and the gas turbine is compact compared with the steam turbine. Therefore, it is very advantageous power cycle for the medium temperature range less than 650 ℃. The purpose of this paper is to show how it can be effectively applied not only to the nuclear power but also to the fossil fired power plant. A design of 300 MWe plant has been carried out, where thermal energy of flue gas leaving a CO2 heater is utilized effectively by means of economizer and a high cycle thermal efficiency of 43.4 % has been achieved. Since the temperature and the pressure difference of the CO2 heater are very high, the structural design becomes very difficult. It is revealed that this problem can be effectively solved by introducing a double expansion turbine cycle. The component designs of the CO2 heater, the economizer, supercritical CO2 turbines, compressors and the recuperators are given and it is shown that these components have good performances and compact sizes.

Power and efficiency optimizations for an open cycle two-shaft gas turbine power plant

In finite-time thermodynamic analyses for various gas turbine cycles,there are two common models:one is closed-cycle model with thermal conductance optimization of heat exchangers,and another is open-cycle model with optimization of pressure drop(PD)distributions.Both of optimization also with searching optimal compressor pressure ratio(PR).This paper focuses on an open-cycle model.A two-shaft open-cycle gas turbine power plant(OCGTPP)is modeled in this paper.Expressions of power output(PP)and thermal conversion efficiency(TCE)are deduced,and these performances are optimized by varying the relative PD and compressor PR.The results show that there exist the optimal values(0.32 and 14.0)of PD and PR which lead to double maximum dimensionless PP(1.75).There also exists an optimal value(0.38)of area allocation ratio which leads to maximum TCE(0.37).Moreover,the performances of three types of gas turbine cycles,such as one-shaft and two-shaft ones,are compared.When the relative pressure drop at the compressor inlet is small,the TCE of third cycle is the biggest one;when this pressure drop is large,the PP of second cycle is the biggest one.The results herein can be applied to guide the preliminary designs of OCGTPPs.

Prime Energy Challenges for Operating Power Plants in the GCC

There is a false notion of existing available, abundant, and long lasting fuel energy in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries;with continual income return from its exports. This is not true as the sustainability of this income is questionable. Energy problems started to appear, and can be intensified in coming years due to continuous growth of energy demands and consumptions. The demands already consume all produced Natural Gas (NG) in all GCC, except Qatar;and the NG is the needed fuel for Electric Power (EP) production. These countries have to import NG to run their EP plants. Fuel oil production can be locally consumed within two to three decades if the current rate of consumed energy prevails. The returns from selling the oil and natural gas are the main income to most of the GCC. While NG and oil can be used in EP plants, NG is cheaper, cleaner, and has less negative effects on the environment than fuel oil. Moreover, oil has much better usage than being burned in steam generators of steam power plants or combustion chambers of gas turbines. Introducing renewable energy or nuclear energy may be a necessity for the GCC to keep the flow of their main income from exporting oil. This paper reviews the GCC productions and consumptions of the prime energy (fuel oil and NG) and their role in electric power production. The paper shows that, NG should be the only fossil fuel used to run the power plants in the GCC. It also shows that the all GCC except Qatar, have to import NG. They should diversify the prime energy used in power plants;and consider alternative energy such as nuclear and renewable energy, (solar and wind) energy.

军用舰船动力装置技术应用现状及未来趋势展望

以动力装置对军用舰船的影响作为切入点,概要介绍舰船动力装置的定义及相关技术要求,并对柴油机、汽轮机、燃气轮机等几类常见动力装置的技术特点及应用现状进行重点研究,随后对相关动力装置的当前主要技术问题进行详尽阐述。最后,对上述舰船动力装置的未来发展趋势及相关技术研发策略开展重点研究。就目前而言。柴油机是中、小型舰船(涵盖各类水面舰船与潜艇)和军辅船的重点发展方向;燃料电池与斯特林发动机是常规潜艇不依赖空气的推进(AIP)系统的重点发展方向;汽轮机和燃气轮机是大、中型水面舰船动力装置的重点发展方向;核动力装置则是航空母舰与核潜艇的重点发展方向。考虑到国际局势的风云变幻,针对动力装置的设计、研发、制造与优化能进一步提升舰船的整体性能,为我国的海防事业作出不可磨灭的贡献。

舰用柴油机技术特点及未来发展趋势研究

介绍柴油机的技术特点及其在舰船中的应用,详细阐述其优势、劣势与动力型式。重点阐述不同舰船对柴油机的技术特点要求,重点对其舰用柴油机未来发展趋势及当前动向进行展望。随着技术的逐步完善,柴油机将在军用舰船上发挥更重要的作用。

船用动力装置前景展望

用于船舶推进的发动机被称为主推进发动机(亦称“主机”),其对整个船用动力装置的性能起决定作用,通常会以不同的主机来划分船用动力装置的类型。现代船舶的主机主要有柴油机、汽轮机、燃气轮机及核动力装置等几类。就目前而言,大部分民用船舶,以及部分中、小型军用舰船均采用柴油机;大、中型舰船多采用汽轮机或燃气轮机;联合动力装置可满足水面舰船不同航行工况下的需求;核动力装置能显著提升船舶的续航力和自给力,但需要采用屏蔽装置,重量大、结构复杂,适用于大型航空母舰,大、中型潜艇,以及破冰船与部分大型民用船舶。中、小型潜艇可利用柴油机驱动发电机发电,以电力推进的方式驱动潜艇前行。通过研究船用动力装置,有利于快速掌握其类型、结构、技术特点、使用及管理方法,从而提升其在船舶航行过程中的实际运用效果,提升船舶整体的动力性能。

水翼船动力装置技术特点及未来发展趋势研究

本文介绍了水翼船的技术特点及我国水翼船行业的发展,以船舶动力装置为论题切入点,阐明了蒸汽机、汽轮机、汽油机、柴油机、燃气轮机、核动力装置及联合动力装置的技术特点,重点对柴油机及燃气轮机两类动力装置在水翼船领域的应用及发展进行了研究。柴油机具有较高的经济性及技术成熟度,曾长期在水翼船动力领域占据重要地位,但考虑到当前水翼船动力性及轻量化等方面的特性要求,航空改型燃气轮机目前在水翼船上有着更好的应用前景。

燃气轮机现阶段应用与未来发展研究

燃气轮机目前已在火力发电、航空、船舶动力及管道运输等领域中扮演着重要角色。随着相关技术的不断完善,燃气轮机将会得到更广泛的应用。介绍了燃气轮机的技术特点,并重点对其当前在火力发电、航空、船舶、管道运输等领域的应用进行了研究。

联合动力装置在水面舰船领域的应用研究及前景展望

通过柴油机、汽轮机及燃气轮机等几类常规动力装置的技术特点及其在水面舰船领域的应用,在采用单一动力装置时,很难同时满足水面舰船对巡航工况的高经济性要求,以及对战时工况的高动力性要求。为此发展了由不同类型或不同型号热力发动机组成了CODAD、CODOG、CODAG、COGOG、COGAG、COGAS、COSAG等几类联合动力装置,根据其定义与技术特点和实际应用进行了研究,并对其未来应用前景进行展望。

Identifying Critical Components of Combined Cycle Power Plants for Implementation of Reliability-centered Maintenance

Maintenance scheduling and asset management practices play an important role in power systems,specifically in power generating plants.This paper presents a novel riskbased framework for a criticality assessment of plant components as a means to conduct more focused maintenance activities.Critical components in power plants that influence overall system performance are identified by quantifying their failure impact on system reliability,electric safety,cost,and the environment.Prioritization of plant components according to the proposed risk-based method ensures that the most effective and techno-economic investment decisions are implemented.This,in turn,helps to initiate modern maintenance approaches,such as reliability-centered maintenance(RCM).The proposed method is applied to a real combined cycle power plant(CCPP)in Iran,composed of two gas turbine power plants(GTPP)and one steam turbine power plant(STPP).The results demonstrate the practicality and applicability of the presented approach in real world practices.

船舶动力装置选型及经济性研究

介绍核动力装置、燃气轮机、汽轮机和柴油机等动力装置的技术特点及其在船舶领域的应用,并对其经济性进行研究,重点对船舶动力装置的未来发展方向进行展望。在中小型船舶中,柴油机仍将占据主要地位;在中型船舶中,汽轮机、燃气轮机和柴油机各自占据一席之地;在大型船舶中,动力装置多以汽轮机和燃气轮机为主。考虑技术成熟度和安全性等方面的原因,核动力装置在民用船舶领域的应用相对较少,主要被应用于破冰船等特殊领域。