Study of energy-efficient heat resistance and cooling technology for high temperature working face with multiple heat sources in deep mine

In the present research,we proposed a scheme to address the issues of severe heat damage,high energy consumption,low cooling system efficiency,and wastage of cold capacity in mines.To elucidate the seasonal variations of environmental temperature through field measurements,we selected a high-temperature working face in a deep mine as our engineering background.To enhance the heat damage control cability of the working face and minimize unnecessary cooling capac-ity loss,we introduced the multi-dimensional heat hazard prevention and control method called"Heat source barrier and cooling equipment".First,we utilize shotcrete and liquid nitrogen injection to eliminate the heat source and implemented pressure equalization ventilation to disrupt the heat transfer path,thereby creating a heat barrier.Second,we establish divi-sional prediction models for airflow temperature based on the variation patterns obtained through numerical simulation.Third,we devise the location and dynamic control strategy for the cooling equipment based on the prediction models.The results of field application show that the heat resistance and cooling linkage method comply with the safety requirement throughout the entire mining cycle while effectively reducing energy consumption.The ambient temperature is maintained below 30℃,resulting in the energy saving of 10%during the high-temperature period and over 50%during the low-temperature period.These findings serve as a valuable reference for managing heat damage in high-temperature working faces.

Initiative Optimization Operation Strategy and Multi-objective Energy Management Method for Combined Cooling Heating and Power

This paper proposed an initiative optimization operation strategy and multi-objective energy management method for combined cooling heating and power U+0028 CCHP U+0029 with storage systems. Initially, the initiative optimization operation strategy of CCHP system in the cooling season, the heating season and the transition season was formulated. The energy management of CCHP system was optimized by the multi-objective optimization model with maximum daily energy efficiency, minimum daily carbon emissions and minimum daily operation cost based on the proposed initiative optimization operation strategy. Furthermore, the pareto optimal solution set was solved by using the niche particle swarm multi-objective optimization algorithm. Ultimately, the most satisfactory energy management scheme was obtained by using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution U+0028 TOPSIS U+0029 method. A case study of CCHP system used in a hospital in the north of China validated the effectiveness of this method. The results showed that the satisfactory energy management scheme of CCHP system was obtained based on this initiative optimization operation strategy and multi-objective energy management method. The CCHP system has achieved better energy efficiency, environmental protection and economic benefits. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Technical and Economic Aspects and Experience from 6 Years of Operating the Technology Using the Waste Heat from the Exhaust Gases of Heat Sources and 3 Years of Operating a Heating Plant in an Autonomous, Island Regime

This article is focused on technical and economic evaluation of more than 6-years experiences of operating the Waste Heat Recovery technology—the manner and system of flue gas processing generated in the combustion process in heat & power plants, cogeneration units, etc., which burn the gaseous fuel, primarily natural gas, or methane, biogas, geothermal gas, or other gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen. The solution proposes a more effective and non-traditional use of gaseous fuel for heating, the flue gases of which are processed in order to extract additional utilisable heat, with potential elimination of CO2 from them. Deploying of the heating plant in an island regime (OFF-GRID) enables definition of the benefits brought by the 3 years of operational experience and presents visions for the future offering the possibility to utilise the support energy services at the municipal as well as regional level.

Reiner-Rivlin nanomaterial heat transfer over a rotating disk with distinct heat source and multiple slip effects

The thermodynamic features of the Reiner-Rivlin nanoliquid flow induced by a spinning disk are analyzed numerically.The non-homogeneous two-phase nanofluid model is considered to analyze the effect of nanoparticles on the thermodynamics of the Reiner-Rivlin nanomaterial,which also includes a temperature-dependent heat source(THS)and an exponential space-dependent heat source(ESHS).Further,the transfer of heat and mass is analyzed with velocity slip,volume fraction jump,and temperature jump boundary conditions.The finite difference method-based routine is used to solve the complicated differential equations formed after using the von-Karman similarity technique.Limiting cases of the present problem are found to be in good agreement with benchmarking studies.The relationship of the pertinent parameters with the heat and mass transport is scrutinized using correlation,which is further evaluated based on the probable error estimates.Multivariable models are fitted for the friction factor at the disk and heat transport,which accurately predict the dependent variables.The Reiner-Rivlin nanoliquid temperature is influenced comparatively more by the ESHS than by THS.The Nusselt number is decreased by the ESHS and THS,whereas the friction factor at the disk is predominantly decremented by the wall roughness aspect.The increment in the non-Newtonian characteristic of the liquid leads more fluid to drain away in the radial direction far from the disk compared with the fluid nearby the disk in the presence of the centrifugal force during rotation.The increased thermal and volume fraction slip lowers the nanoliquid temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles.

Dynamic Simulation and Performance Analysis on Multi-Energy Coupled CCHP System

Although the Combined Cooing,Heating and Power System(hereinafter referred to as“CCHP”)improves the capacity utilization rate and energy utilization efficiency,single use of CCHP system cannot realize dynamic matching between supply and demand loads due to the unbalance features of the user’s cooling and heating loads.On the basis of user convenience and wide applicability of clean air energy,this paper tries to put forward a coupled CCHP system with combustion gas turbine and ASHP ordered power by heat,analyze trends of such parameters as gas consumption and power consumption of heat pump in line with adjustment of heating load proportion of combustion gas turbine,and optimize the system ratio in the method of annual costs and energy environmental benefit assessment.Based on the analysis of the hourly simulation and matching characteristics of the cold and hot load of the 100 thousand square meter building,it is found that the annual cost of the air source heat pump is low,but the energy and environmental benefits are poor.It will lead to 6.35%shortage of cooling load in summer.Combined with the evaluation method of primary energy consumption and zero carbon dioxide emission,the coupling system of CHHP and air source heat pump with 41%gas turbine load ratio is the best configuration.This system structure and optimization method can provide some reference for the development of CCHP coupling system.

Transforming Waste Heat into“Renewable Heat”

Introduction:The current worldwide electric power&heat&cool production has a negative impact on the environment by emissions and enormous leaks of low-potential waste heat.Transformation of unused industrial low power heat into“renewable heat”useful to enhance the efficiency of the system is essential and actual innovation in the field of worldwide environmental protection.By introducing and defining the terminology of low-potential,“renewable”,“green heat”has created a new,parallel category of research in the energy sector.Traditional co-generation systems produce heat for space heating and hot water and generate electricity.Moving to tri-generation allows growing demand for air conditioning for homes,offices and commercial spaces such as server rooms and switchboards to be met simultaneously or on a seasonal basis.Tri-generation,or combined cooling,heat and power,is the process by which some of the heat produced by a co-generation plant is used to generate chilled water for air conditioning or refrigeration.Usually an absorption chiller is linked to the plant to provide this functionality.The technical solution is related to the new efficient manner and system of simultaneous generation of heat/cold from multiple heat sources,which has not yet been known,but in practice required.New system also enables advantageous utilization of solar power in supporting of the cooling output.The innovative system can be operated also within the existing central heating distribution systems.

计及网络动态特性的电-热互联系统仿射优化法

热网动态特性带来能量传输延时的同时,使得空间上的源荷不确定性对系统造成的影响存在时序上的先后差异,导致电-热互联系统日前调度转变为复杂的时空耦合问题。为此,该文提出一种计及网络动态特性的仿射优化法。首先,利用流量分段法与节点网络模型,构建计及能量传输延时且适用于环网的热网动态模型。在此基础上,利用仿射算法与牛顿-拉夫逊能流计算原理,通过线性化建模方式与模型凸化方法,构建仿射凸优化模型。其次,利用仿射优化法解决电-热互联系统不确定性优化调度问题,实现对源荷不确定性传播轨迹的跟踪及其影响的量化分析。最后,33节点电-热互联系统仿真算例证明,所提方法能够揭示网络动态特性下源荷不确定性影响机理,并获得具有低保守性、高经济性的调度方案。

低热-NaOH联合处理破解浓缩活性污泥释放碳源的试验研究

以低热-NaOH联合处理破解剩余活性污泥,考察NaOH投加量、加热温度、反应时间对污泥破解释放碳源的影响,通过总氮去除率分析污泥破解液代替生物脱氮外加碳源的效率,并研究该方法对污泥减量化的效果。结果表明:SCOD溶出率随NaOH投加量、加热温度和反应时间的增加而增大;当NaOH投加量为3.0g/L、加热温度为70℃、反应时间为24h时剩余活性污泥的破解效果最佳,污泥上清液中SCOD浓度可达1.829×10^(4)mg/L,总氮、氨氮、硝酸盐氮和总磷浓度分别达到943、419、487、204mg/L;污泥破解前后固体残渣中TSS含量由61.70 g/L下降至29.25g/L,VSS含量由31.95g/L下降至6.95g/L,生物减量化效果非常显著;污泥破解前后中值粒度D50分别为30.2、8.7μm,污泥破解过程中产生了大量的粒径为0.15μm左右的超细颗粒;扫描电镜结果显示污泥絮体和微生物细胞被破坏;在反硝化试验中,以最佳破解条件下释放的污泥破解液作为反硝化试验的补充碳源,结果显示COD利用率为83.4%,总氮的去除率为60.1%,脱氮的效果显著。低热-NaOH联合处理可在较低能耗下实现剩余活性污泥的碳源充分释放,且污泥减量化和资源化的效果优异,可为优化热碱法预处理剩余活性污泥提供依据。

考虑碳市场风险的热电联产虚拟电厂低碳调度

燃煤热电机组“以热定电”的运行模式会导致新能源消纳能力不足,且运行过程中会产生过高碳排放。为此,建立了考虑地源热泵、电转气(P2G)和碳捕集与封存(CCS)的热电联产虚拟电厂模型,并提出了基于碳市场风险的虚拟电厂低碳调度策略。利用自回归滑动平均模型及广义自回归条件异方差模型预测碳市场的次日碳价,并用条件风险价值模型衡量其波动风险;引入电制热设备地源热泵,协同P2G-CCS解耦热电联产“以热定电”运行约束;提出以各设备的运行成本、弃风弃光惩罚成本、碳交易及碳市场风险成本之和最小为目标函数的优化调度策略。算例结果表明:所提调度策略不仅能促进新能源消纳,提高经济效益,还可以降低系统碳排放。

粮食平房仓太阳能光伏-地源热泵供冷系统仿真研究与试验

为解决粮食平房仓通风能耗大、储粮成本高的问题,该研究提出太阳能-地源热泵供冷系统,研究太阳能光伏-地源热泵供冷系统在粮食平房仓建筑中的可行性以及节能效果,以实现“零能耗”和“零排放”绿色储粮。基于粮食平房仓实际尺寸,建立了空气源热泵与太阳能光伏-地源热泵供冷系统仿真模型,并通过与仓房实测数据的对比进行了模型验证,从运行性能、光电适配性、经济性、节能以及环保效益等方面对供冷系统进行了分析。结果表明:系统运行1 a后性能系数(coefficient of performance,COP)最大值为4.76,最小值3.3;运行10 a后COP最大值为3.96,最小值3.07;系统年实际发电量与库区用电量之比为192%~270%;投资回收期为7.8 a;与传统空气源热泵系统相比,太阳能-地源热泵供冷系统节能率达59%,研究结果可为粮食平房仓供冷系统优化提供理论依据和设计参考。

基于ABAQUS的钛合金管板焊接过程模拟仿真

针对蒸汽发生单元钛合金管板焊接过程中焊接变形预测与控制问题,开展了焊接过程有限元仿真研究。基于顺序耦合的热弹塑性有限元法,采用ABAQUS对典型管板结构进行了不同焊接顺序下的焊接仿真分析,利用校核后的组合热源定义热流密度函数,计算得到焊接温度场、应力场及变形。结果显示,采用高斯热源与椭球体组合热源可以较为精确模拟熔池形貌,管板焊缝区域存在应力集中,且应力峰值位于管板被夹持区域,大小为631.2 MPa,超过材料屈服极限。单个环焊缝在不同路径下的应力分布因受到周围焊缝热输入的影响而出现复杂波动。采用从上至下的对称焊接顺序可以有效减小焊接变形量,最大变形量降幅可达24.3%,为后续工艺优化提供了参考依据。

绿证与改进型阶梯式碳交易互动机制下的CHP系统低碳经济调度研究

为了进一步降低热电联产型源荷系统的碳排放量,同时兼顾经济效益,文章改进了普通阶梯式碳交易的交易模型,提出了一种绿证与改进型阶梯式碳交易互动机制下的CHP型源荷系统低碳经济调度策略。构建热电联供型能源系统模型,确定能源测、转换侧、负荷侧模型,同时构建需求响应机制;在数学模型的基础上构建双层调度模型,上层模型是改进型阶梯式碳交易优化模型,利用差分进化算法来实现阶梯式碳交易参数自适应变化;下层源荷系统调度仿真模型,以系统运行成本为目标函数,耦合了碳交易机制和绿证策略,实现直接、间接同时减排,同时利用Cplex求解器进行最优化求解。最后,建立四种典型场景,对比分析得出所提策略能显著降低碳排放量,同时具有较好的经济效益,能够为源荷系统低碳经济调度提供参考。

太阳能空气源热泵联合运行测试与分析

【目的】为了研究太阳能空气源热泵相结合的采暖系统实际运行状况,对实际运行的太阳能空气源热泵联合运行系统进行了测试。【方法】对呼和浩特市使用太阳能空气源热泵系统的2座加油站进行现场测试数据采集和分析,测试数据包括在不同的环境下的耗电量、供热量、温度等。【结果】根据实际的测量结果可知,当环境温度相差不大时,不同年份对应月份的耗电量也相差不大;当环境温度为-20℃时,系统性能系数COP依然能达到2.4以上。随着环境温度的升高,性能系数COP逐渐增大。当环境温度为5℃时,系统性能系数COP达4.0以上。【结论】太阳能辅助加热有助于提高热泵系统整体性能,是一种适合低温环境下运行的空气源热泵采暖系统。

区域多热源联合供热系统热平衡及运行参数分析

以太原市供热现状为基础,分析多热源联合供热现状,探讨二次网分布式调峰锅炉与集中供热系统串、并联两种运行方式下的系统性能,建立热平衡方程和调节公式,并对相关运行参数进行求解。计算结果表明,相比串联连接,并联连接能耗更低。研究结果对区域多热源联合供热系统的设计及优化运行具有一定的指导价值。

Development of a New-Type Multiple-Source Heat Pump with Two-Stage Compression

A new-type multiple-source heat pump cycle with two-stage compression was established on the basis of the problems of similarly existing heat pumps.The equivalent temperature levels of typical evaporators are applied to the different heat sources of the proposed cycle,and the high-temperature heat sources are shown to enhance vapor injection.Then,the mathematical model and prototype are developed,and the results from experimental simulation and validation showed that the solar collector can improve the heating performance of the proposed heat pump system.In the middle-temperature heating period,the outdoor temperature is less than-25℃,and the average coefficient of performance(COP)value of the proposed heat pump was 4.2,which was greater than the COPs of conventional ground source heat pumps.

湖南省热水圩地热田干热岩形成的热源机制与成因模式

湖南省热水圩地热田90℃以上的高温温泉指示该地热田具备良好的地热地质条件,是潜在的干热岩勘查有利地段。为合理评价热水圩干热岩的储层温度与勘查开发前景,对汝城地区热水圩地热田的深部地质构造、地球化学和重磁电震地球物理特征、地温场特征等进行综合分析,自深至浅揭示热水圩地热田深部热结构,探讨干热岩形成的热源机制与地球动力学过程。结果表明:(1)利用SiO_(2)地热温标估算的热水圩地热田深部热储温度为79.4~143.9℃;(2)热水圩附近中棚岩体、鱼王岩体等花岗岩体平均生热率为7.07~8.44μW/m^(3),明显大于中国大陆主要地质构造单元的地壳平均生热率;(3)重磁特征反映出热水圩地区岩石圈厚度相对较薄,大地电磁与地震波速解释的区域内壳内高导低速体与深大断裂带相吻合,指示这些深大断裂有可能构成深部热物质上侵的通道。在此基础上,总结归纳了湖南省热水圩地热田干热岩的成因模式:太平洋板块俯冲与回撤,导致板块前缘形成强烈的热扰动,造成软流圈的隆起和幔源热物质的上侵,形成相对较高的幔源热源;生热率较高的花岗岩体与铀矿体放射性产热形成了良好的地壳热源;深大断裂构成深部热物质上侵的通道,同时为浅部干热岩的形成提供重要热源。有利的热源条件及沿深大断裂的深部热物质上侵,使湖南省东南部形成以热水圩周边岩体为代表的干热岩有利靶区。根据综合确定的地温梯度推算,热水圩地热田呈隐伏状态的、致密的、裂隙不发育的埋深在4000~6000 m的花岗岩体温度可达176.8~256.6℃,是良好的、近期可勘查开发的干热岩体。

考虑风电消纳的热电联供微电网系统协同优化策略研究

针对新能源的波动性和随机性使其在电力系统中的消纳存在困难,弃风、弃光现象频发,提出一种考虑风电消纳的热电联供微电网源-荷-储协同优化技术。以微网的运行总成本及风电消纳水平为优化目标,在调节热电联供机组出力的同时,结合蓄热式电锅炉储热系统及储能系统的灵活调节能力,进行微电网运行的协同优化。所提出模型通过非支配排序遗传算法(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm,NSGA-Ⅱ)进行求解,并基于某园区微电网数据进行了验证,相较于单一灵活性资源的优化调度,所提的源-荷-储协同优化模型能够在兼顾成本的同时保证较高的风电消纳水平。

交直流电力系统与供热系统联合经济调度

随着热电联产等技术的广泛应用,电力系统和供热系统耦合日益紧密,电热联合调度得到了广泛的关注,但现有电热联合调度忽略了热网供电来源的多样性,由此提出了交直流电力系统与供热系统联合经济调度方法。首先,建立交直流电力系统模型,并提出一种线性近似方法对电压源变换器模型所带来的强非线性进行处理;然后,以运行成本最低为目标,建立考虑热网热惯性的交直流电力系统与供热系统联合调度模型,该模型中供热系统通过热电联产机组和交流电锅炉与交流电网耦合,通过直流电锅炉与直流电网耦合;最后,通过算例仿真验证了所提方法的有效性并说明了在电热联合调度中考虑交直流电源的必要性。

考虑多重不确定性的电-热-气综合能源系统协同优化方法

综合能源系统(IES)中风-光出力和负荷不确定性对系统的运行安全和规划提出了挑战。以包含光伏、生物质气化热电联产等设备的IES调度过程为例,提出一种集成随机规划-信息间隙决策理论(IGDT)的方法应对系统优化运行过程中源-荷侧的多重不确定性。随机规划方法处理光伏出力不确定性,并将优化结果作为IGDT处理负荷不确定性的基准值。其中,IGDT中的风险规避和风险寻求策略反映了系统管理者面对不确定性带来运行风险时的态度。结果表明,风险规避策略下生物质气化热电联产日电能输出总量高于风险寻求策略下生物质气化热电联产日电能输出总量的50%。不同策略下的调度结果差异性为系统管理者提供了灵活的选择。

太阳能集热器与水源热泵联合系统供热性能的仿真研究

提出了双热源热泵供热系统、太阳能与水源热泵串联供热系统、太阳能与水源热泵并联供热系统,并建立了3种联合供热系统的仿真模型。在不同太阳辐射强度和水源温度下,对3种系统的供热性能进行了模拟分析,并绘制了3种系统的最佳运行区间图。结果表明,当太阳辐射强度和水源温度较低时,双热源热泵系统有最佳供热性能;当太阳辐射强度和水源温度较高时,并联系统供热性能最好;当太阳辐射强度和水源温度在前两种系统最佳工作条件之间时,串联系统有最好的供热性能。