Design and Experimental Research on Seedling Pick-Up Mechanism of Planetary Gear Train with Combined Non-circular Gear Transmission

Currently, transplanting mechanisms for dryland plug seedlings in China are mainly semiautomatic and have low efficiency. The rotary seedling pick-up mechanism with a planetary gear train for non-uniform intermittent transmission, and a concave and convex locking arc device, has a large rigid impact. To solve these problems, according to the design requirements for a dryland plug seedling transplanting mechanism, a rotary seedling pick-up mechanism of a planetary gear train with combined non-circular gear transmission of incomplete eccentric circular and noncircular gears was proposed. This has the characteristics of two-times greater fluctuation of the transmission ratio in a cycle, and can achieve a non-uniform continuous drive. Through analysis of the working principle of the seedling pick-up mechanism, its kinematics model was established. The human–computer interaction optimization method and self-developed computer-aided analysis and optimization software were used to obtain a set of parameters that satisfy the operation requirements of the seedling pick-up mechanism. According to the optimized parameters, the structure of the seedling pick-up mechanism was designed, a virtual prototype of the mechanism was created, and a physical prototype was manufactured. A virtual motion simulation of the mechanism was performed, high-speed photographic kinematics tests were conducted, and the kinematic properties of the physical prototype were investigated, whereby the correctness of the theoretical model and the optimized design of the mechanism were verified. Further, laboratory seedling pick-up tests were conducted. The success ratio of seedling pick-up was 93.8% when the seedling pick-up efficiency of the mechanism was 60 plants per minute per row, indicating that the mechanism has a high efficiency and success ratio for seedling pick-up and can be applied to a dryland plug seedling transplanter.

The study on the mechanism of Sodium aescinate combined with Xuesaitong for cerebral thrombosis treatment

Objective:To observe the mechanism of Sodium aescinate combined with Xuesaitong for cerebral thrombosis treatment and offer clinical help to cerebral thrombosis treatment. Methods:A total of 92 patients with cerebral thrombosis were selected and randomly divided into groups: the observation group (46 people) and the control group (46 people).The patient in the control group were treated with conventional therapy and the patients in the observation group were treated with Sodium aescinate combined with Xuesaitong on the basis of conventional therapy. Inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and CRP), Nerve cell factor (NSE, NGF and NTF) and blood rheology indexes (Fg, BVH, BVL and PV) were detected and analyzed before and after treatment.Results:The comparison of inflammatory factors, Nerve cell factor and blood rheology indexes in the two groups before treatment were not statistically significant. Inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α and CRP), Nerve cell factor (NSE) and blood rheology indexes (Fg, BVH, BVL and PV) in both groups after treatment significantly decreased compared with that before treatment. Inflammatory factors (IL-10), Nerve cell factor (GF and NTF) in both groups after treatment significantly increased compared with that before treatment. The changes were statistically significant. Inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α and CRP), Nerve cell factor (NSE) and blood rheology indexes (Fg, BVH, BVL and PV) in observation group after treatment decreased more significantly than that in control group, and inflammatory factors (IL-10), Nerve cell factor (GF and NTF) increased more significantly than that in control group. The difference between two groups was considered statistically significant.Conclusion:Sodium aescinate combined with Xuesaitong could inhibit the inflammatory reaction, improve the blood flow condition and promote rehabilitation in patients with cerebral thrombosis. So it has a very important clinical significance of the treatment to cerebral hemorrhage.

An Optimization Design of a Weft Insertion Mechanism for Rapier Looms

By analyzing a combined and spatial 6-bar linkage weft insertion mechanism, its practical model for optimization design is set up and the modification of penalty strategy is put forward so that the genetic algorithm can be better used in optimization design for mechanisms with non- linear constraints. The design result is discussed.

Reverse Design and Test of Non-circular Gear & Crank-Rocker & Gear Trains Weft Insertion Mechanism

For the purpose of obtaining satisfactory performance of the non-circular gear & crank-rocker & gear trains (NCCRG) weft insertion mechanism which was proposed in this paper, the ideal kinematic curve of this weft insertion mechanism was given, and the reverse solution models of this mechanism were established. A reverse design and simulation software was compiled based on Visual Basic 6.0 to obtain the mechanism parameters, including the pitch curves and tooth profiles of the non-circular gears. A test-bed of this mechanism was developed according to these parameters. The kinematic performance of this weft insertion mechanism was tested by high-speed video tape recorder with its corresponding video analytical software Blaster's MAS. And the test results were identical with the theoretical calculation. Compared with the conjugate cam weft insertion mechanism which is applied on TT96 rapier loom, under the condition of same weft insertion rate, the variation of acceleration of this mechanism is smaller. This novel weft insertion mechanism can meet the requirements of weft insertion on rapier looms with smooth and steady motion.

Mechanical mechanism and support design analysis on bolt-beam-net support in soft rock roadway in Qigou Coal Mine

The deformation and failure mechanical mechanism in soft rock roadway is related to the stability of supported tunnels, which is important to coal mine production and construction. By physical mechanics experiments and X-ray diffraction （XRD） tests, the engineering mechanical properties of soft rock, as well as main mineral composition of the surrounding soft rock of Qigou Coal Mine, were obtained. Based on analysis results, a method using bolt-beam-net combination to support was put forward. Mechanical analysis of the support form was done by using the calculation software FLAC3D. Results show that clay minerals of this mine are kaolinite and illite mixed layer, of which the water absorption is relatively obvious and presented mudding characteristic after absorbing water, with the plasticity index of 0.35, with small expansibility, which is weakly consolidated colloid with strong connected force in unit cell. The rock blocks have the characteristics of moisture absorption softening, and the deformation mechanical mechanism of which is with the coexistence of molecular expansive mechanism, colloid expansive mechanism, and weak layer trend type. The calculation results show that the bolt-beam-net support structure makes the bolt, beam, and roof deform compatibly. The beams make the force in the bolt relatively homogeneous, which restricts the displacement of the tunnel roof as well. Finally, using in situ monitoring, the numerical results were verified.

电催化两电子水氧化制备过氧化氢的研究进展

过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))是一种环境友好的化学氧化剂,广泛应用于水处理、医疗消毒、化学合成等工业领域。电催化两电子水氧化反应(2e^(-)WOR)是一种可以在温和条件下直接从水中生产H_(2)O_(2)的方法。然而,受限于反应机理认识和催化材料设计的不足,2e^(-)WOR的催化选择性和活性仍然较低。本文综述了近年来通过2e^(-)WOR反应路径电合成H_(2)O_(2)的研究进展,首先介绍了2e^(-)WOR的催化机理和研究方法,强调了理论计算加速高选择性、高活性和高稳定性催化剂研究的作用,并讨论了电合成H_(2)O_(2)的不同定量方法和原位表征手段;然后详细总结了高性能2e^(-)WOR电催化剂的调控策略,包括缺陷、掺杂、晶面和界面工程,同时指出了反应器创新设计的重要性;最后展望了电合成H_(2)O_(2)的研究挑战和机遇。

非圆齿轮-连杆组合式水稻钵苗膜上移栽机构优化设计与试验

为实现机械化一体式水稻钵苗膜上移栽要求,提出非圆齿轮-连杆组合式行星轮系移栽机构,用一套机构实现取苗、送苗、破膜挖穴和栽植4个工序协同配合作业,满足水稻钵苗膜上移栽所需的轨迹与姿态要求。对移栽机构进行理论分析并建立运动学模型,结合优化目标,基于Matlab GUI平台开发了数字可视化优化设计软件,通过人机交互获得1组满足移栽要求的机构参数。根据优化参数对机构开展结构设计与三维建模,通过ADAMS软件完成了虚拟样机仿真验证。研制了水稻钵苗膜上移栽机构物理样机与多功能试验测试台架,开展了移栽机构在空转和带苗状态下运动学特性和工作性能试验,结果表明,理论轨迹、虚拟样机仿真轨迹和物理样机台架试验轨迹在误差允许范围内保持一致,验证了移栽机构设计的一致性与正确性,性能试验结果:取苗成功率为94%,移栽成功率为92.36%,栽植株距变异系数为2.67%,满足移栽作业要求,验证了水稻钵苗膜上移栽机构设计的合理性与可行性。

深基坑桩-撑-土组合支护结构的受力特性与优化设计

依托某高层建筑深基坑工程,通过现场试验获得不同施工阶段组合支护结构及基坑关键部位的变形规律。基于土体硬化模型建立深基坑组合支护体系的三维数值模型,对基坑开挖施工进行全过程模拟,分析支护结构体系的桩身弯矩、桩身位移和土压力分布规律。针对反压土的顶宽、高度、坡度以及斜支撑的间距、直径等影响因素设计正交试验,对围护桩受力变形的影响参数进行敏感性分析,并提出优化建议。研究结果表明:围护桩最大位移与最大正弯矩随反压土顶宽、高度、斜支撑直径的增大而减小,随着反压土坡度、斜支撑间距的增大而增大。桩身变形影响因素敏感性从大至小依次为反压土坡高、顶宽、反压土坡度、斜支撑间距和斜支撑直径;对组合支护体系进行设计时,建议在确定土坡自稳角度的前提下,尽量增大反压土土坡高度。

循环水岩作用下煤岩组合体力学响应及劣化机制

煤矿地下水库的建立解决了我国西部干旱-半干旱生态脆弱区的缺水问题。地下水库不断进行着蓄水-抽水,地下水库水位的反复升降对水库坝体产生反复损伤作用,而半煤岩坝体、煤岩夹矸坝体为地下水库常见的坝体。基于此,设计进行了不同“干燥-饱和”循环次数的砂岩-煤组合体不同围压下的轴向压缩试验,分析循环浸水作用下煤岩组合体力学特性劣化规律和劣化机制。结果表明:(1)随着循环次数的增加,组合体的饱和含水率逐渐增大。饱和含水率与循环次数呈对数关系。(2)随着循环次数的增加,应力-应变曲线压密阶段增长,弹性阶段斜率减小,峰值应力降低,峰值应变增大,屈服阶段愈加明显,应力跌落变缓。(3)随着循环次数的增加,组合体抗压强度逐渐降低,循环1~3次,抗压强度劣化幅度较为明显。抗压强度阶段劣化度具有非均匀性。(4)循环1~5次,黏聚力下降了70.87%,内摩擦角下降了60.65%。(5)循环1~3次,组合体弹性模量下降了53.06%,变形模量下降了61.10%。(6)循环浸水作用下,试样微观裂纹逐渐发育,矿物颗粒由原来的棱角分明的多边形向浑圆形逐渐发展,大的矿物颗粒逐渐崩解为小颗粒,颗粒间胶结作用逐渐弱化,由紧凑致密结构向松散软弱结构转变。(7)循环浸水作用下,水岩发生反复的物理、化学、力学作用,对煤岩产生反复损伤,最终导致宏观力学特性的劣化。

裂隙煤岩组合体单轴压缩力学响应及失稳机制

煤岩系统中煤层与岩层之间的层间薄弱带是裂隙分布的主要区域,这些裂隙贯穿于两岩层,严重影响着煤岩系统的力学性质与工程稳定。为探究贯穿裂隙对煤岩系统力学性质的影响,对5种裂隙长度、5种裂隙角度的裂隙煤岩组合体开展轴向加载试验,结果表明:(1)随裂隙长度的增加,抗压强度、弹性模量、峰值能量、冲击能量指数呈线性减小。随裂隙角度的增大,抗压强度、弹性模量、峰值能量、冲击能量指数先减小后增大。(2)试样破坏声发射活动均经历平静期、活跃期、剧烈期3个阶段。随裂隙长度的增加,声发射累计能量先增加后减小。随裂隙角度的增大,声发射峰值能量和累计能量先增大后减小。(3)裂隙长度和角度对翼裂纹、次生倾斜裂纹、次生共面裂纹、斜裂纹、次生衍生裂纹、翼裂纹衍生裂纹、远场裂纹以及剥落现象有一定影响。(4)随裂隙长度的增加,黏聚力和内摩擦角逐渐降低。随裂隙角度的增加,黏聚力和内摩擦角先减小后增大。(5)构建了考虑裂隙长度和裂隙角度的Drucker-Prager强度准则,合理性验证发现:试样误差在1.367%~5.055%合理范围之内。(6)基于耗散结构理论,分析了组合体失稳破坏机制,组合体破坏主要经历了准稳态、亚稳态、失稳、新稳态4个阶段;构建了裂隙煤岩组合体能量运移模型,分析了裂隙煤岩组合体失稳破坏过程中的能量运移规律。裂隙两端是能量积聚的主要区域,煤组分裂隙端破坏时,一部分能量运移到岩石组分裂隙端,以岩石组分破坏或变形的形式释放出去。研究结果可为探究深部煤岩力学性质、揭示煤岩动力灾害发生机制提供有益参考。

连梁可更换的Y型偏心支撑组合框架力学性能试验研究

为研究连梁可更换的Y型偏心支撑组合框架(简称“Y型V-EBCF”)的力学性能,设计制作了一榀Y型V-EBCF试件,其中可更换式连梁由低屈服点钢加工并通过高强螺栓与周边构件相连。对Y型V-ECBF试件和拆卸了连梁后的试件分别进行了拟静力试验,分析了试件的失效模式、荷载-位移曲线和残余位移角,试验结果表明:在连梁失效前,结构具有稳定的滞回性能和良好的耗能能力;当拆卸失效连梁后,结构在组合框架的不平衡内力下恢复至原位,残余变形角为0.002 rad,小于规范限值(0.005 rad)及最大可更换残余位移角限值(0.0023 rad),且余下试件再加载时的滞回曲线依旧饱满稳定,表明Y型V-ECBF体系具有良好的震后恢复能力;采用现行AISC360-16规范相关公式可以准确计算低屈服点钢连梁的承载力,但超强系数建议取3.0以防止周边构件的破坏;Y型V-ECBF体系的刚度和承载力等于偏心支撑中连梁和组合框架的刚度与承载力之和。此外,Y型V-EBCF中的连梁会引起框架梁跨中承担额外的弯矩,导致跨中混凝土板的开裂,该文给出了计算跨中混凝土板裂缝宽度的公式。

Mechanism study and molecular design in controlled/“living” radical polymerization

This tutorial review summarizes recent progress in the research field of controlled/"living" radical polymerization (CLRP) from Soochow University.The present paper gives a broad overview of the mechanism study and molecular design in CLRP.The mechanism study in CLRP aided by microwave,initiated by γ-radiation at low temperature,mediated by iron,in reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and the mechanism transfer between different CLRP processes are reviewed and summarized.The molecular design in CLRP,especially in RAFT polymerization for mechanism study,and in achieving tailor-made functional polymers is studied and discussed in the later part.

负开口设计对于二维活塞泵机械效率的影响

二维活塞泵因其传动为滚动摩擦,适合在电静液作动器中作为动力元件使用。然而,使用轴配流形式的二维活塞泵会受到内泄的影响,在高负载下容积效率表现不佳,因此该泵经常采用负开口设计。为探究二维活塞负开口设计对于泵机械效率的影响,分别对泵的机械效率和腔内压力进行数学建模,探究负开口设计对于泵的腔内压力、输入力矩以及机械效率的影响。对比分析零开口和负开口两种二维活塞的试验,结果表明:二维活塞泵因其等加减速凸轮,使负开口设计对于其机械效率影响非常小,并且在2°遮盖量以内的负开口设计对于腔内压力的影响可以忽略,不需要担心困油效应,但又解决了内泄问题。

机械设计课程传动组合教具的创新设计

机械设计课程包含多种机械结构,若只是依靠以往的教学方式,往往很难使学生系统化掌握专业知识,而且机械设计课程所编写的有关机械传动内容,大多是从工作原理、传动结构特性,到强度计算、教具应用和维护的编写顺序,尤其是强度计算内含大量复杂公式与参数,还有各种表格与图形,具有较大的学习难度。组合传动机构的创新设计,能够系统巧妙地结合零散的机械设计教具,与机械设计课程理论、实践学习要求相符合,而且可以将学生对机械设计课程学习的热情全面激发出来,有助于提高学生的机械创造力。

基于双向渐进结构优化算法的预制拼装箱梁剪力键设计研究

为研究单项和多项荷载组合作用下节段预制拼装箱梁接缝处剪力键受力状况,以郑州南四环全预制装配高架桥为背景,采用Abaqus软件和双向渐进结构优化(BESO)算法,建立典型箱梁节段分析模型,研究剪力键在单位轴力、剪力、扭矩、弯矩和不同荷载组合作用下的布置规律。结果表明:轴力作用时剪力键应布置于顶板;剪力作用时剪力键应布置于腹板和底板;扭矩作用时剪力键应布置在顶板、腹板交接处和腹板外侧;横桥向弯矩作用时剪力键应布置于顶板、腹板下侧和底板;竖向弯矩作用时,剪力键应布置于顶板翼缘。轴剪组合作用下,当剪力占比小于50%时,轴力对剪力键布置起控制作用;当剪力占比达95.24%时,剪力对剪力键布置起控制作用。弯剪组合作用下,当剪力占比超过4.76%时,剪力对剪力键布置起控制作用;当剪力占比小于0.50%时,横桥向弯矩对剪力键布置起控制作用。扭剪组合作用下,当剪力占比超过0.10%时,剪力对剪力键布置起控制作用。预制拼装箱梁剪力键布置受荷载类型及荷载组合影响显著,应考虑不同位置剪力键的实际受力状况进行设计。

机构运动设计与运动仿真相结合的策略探究

机构运动设计是机械设计的基础,而运动仿真技术为设计验证和优化提供了重要工具。文章首先概述了这两项技能的核心内容和教学目标,强调了二者之间的联系与侧重点。随后,提出了四种机构运动设计与运动仿真相结合的教学策略。这些策略旨在激发学生的学习兴趣和创新精神,提升他们的实践能力和职业素养,为适应未来工业发展需求培养合适的人才。

4HQL-2型全喂入花生联合收获机的研制

针对中国花生的种植特点,借鉴已有的设计经验,研制成功了一种适于中国花生主产区收获作业的4HQL-2型全喂入花生联合收获机。该机利用挖拔组合式工作原理,为保证挖拔效果和稳定性,设计了一种全新的挖拔组合装置;夹持输送部件首次采用了三带夹持原理(普通V型带),利用柔性夹持方式大大降低了花生的机械掉果率;去土部件采用了上下摆拍式去土方式,去土效果好,损失低;摘果装置采用全喂入式,利用甩捋式工作原理提高了鲜湿花生的摘净率;清选装置采用风筛组合式,逐稿器和振动筛作反向摆动可有效地减轻整机振动。经田间检测摘果率为99.6%,总损失率3.3%,破损率2.0%,含杂率2.2%,达到了设计和相关标准要求,并已通过农业部鉴定。

机械气力组合式玉米精密排种器

结合机械内充种式排种器的结构特点和气吹式排种器的单粒留种原理,设计了一种机械气力组合式玉米精密排种器。阐述了其基本结构和工作原理,对关键部件进行了设计计算,并对工作压力、重播指数、漏播指数、粒距合格率等性能指标进行了台架试验。试验结果表明,该排种器工作气压低、粒距合格率高,能够适应高速作业需求。

全喂入式联合收割机碎草脱粒装置的改进设计

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