CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON THE TREATMENT OF APOPLEXY BY ACUPUNCTURE COMBINED WITH DRUGS

Apoplexy involves cerebrovascular accident, such as cerebral hemorrhage, cerebralthrombosis, cerebral infarction, subarachaoid hemorrhage, etc. and its sequelae in modern medicine. The author treated 81 cases of apoplexy using acupuncture combined with drugs. AIn0ng them, 36cases were male, accounting for 44%; 45 cases female, accounting for 56 %. The oldest was 82 yearsold, and youngest 28 years old. The shortest course of disease was one day, and the longest over 3years The treatment results show that 60 cases were cured, accounting for 74. 07%; 16 casesmarkedly effect, acc0unting for 19. 75 %; 3 cases improved, accounting for 3. 7 %; 2 cases ineffective,accounting for 2. 48 %. The total effect rate was 97. 52 %.

Prevention and management of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced small intestinal injury

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug （NSAID）-induced small bowel injury is a topic that deserves attention since the advent of capsule endoscopy and balloon enteroscopy. NSAID enteropathy is common and is mostly asymptomatic. However, massive bleeding, stricture, or perforation may occur. The pathogenesis of small intestine injury by NSAIDs is complex and different from that of the upper gastrointestinal tract. No drug has yet been developed that can completely prevent or treat NSAID enteropathy. Therefore, a long-term randomized study in chronic NSAID users is needed.

Combination strategies for pharmacologic treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is defined as hepatic steatosis, inflammation,and hepatocyte injury with or without fibrosis. It has emerged as thesecond leading indication for liver transplantation with a rising death rate in thenon-transplantable population. While there are many drugs in evaluation,currently no approved therapies are on the market for this condition. Given thisimportance, the Food and Drug Administration has provided formal guidanceregarding drug development for stopping or reversing NASH or NASH associatedfibrosis. The complex pathogenesis of NASH and its bidirectional relationshipwith metabolic syndrome has highlighted multiple drugs of interest thataddress metabolic, inflammatory, and fibrotic factors. A few promising liverspecific targets include farnesoid X receptor agonists and peroxisome proliferatoractivatedreceptor agonists. Previously studied drug classes such as glucagon-likepeptide-1 analogs or sodium/glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors have alsodemonstrated ability to improve hepatic steatosis. Here we discuss currentrationale, scientific work, and preliminary data in combining multiple drugs forthe purposes of a multimodal attack on the pathogenesis of NASH. We highlightmultiple Phase 2 and Phase 3 studies that demonstrate the potential to achieve aresponse rate higher than previously assessed monotherapies for this condition.Ultimately, one of these combination strategies may rise above in its safety andefficacy to become a part of a standardized approach to NASH.

Antibacterial Effect of Antibiotics Combined Application on Escherichia coli

[Objective] The aim was to explore the antibacterial effect of in -vitro combined application of imipenem and ceftriaxone sodium, imipenem and cefotaxime sodium, amikacin and maquinox on E. coliATCC25922. [Methods] The minimum inhibition concentration of all kinds of the drugs to E. co/i ATCC25922 was determined and bacteriostatic effect of imipenem and ceffriaxone sodium, imipenem and cefotaxime sodium, amikacin and maquinox on E. coli ATCC＇25922 was determined with chessboard microdilution method. [ Results] Combined applications of imipenem and caftriaxone sodium, imipenem and cefotaxime sodium, amikacin and maquinox to E. coli ATCC25922 revealed synergistic effects. [ Ceedusion] Combined applications of imipenem and ceftriaxone sodium, imipenem and cefotaxime sodium, amikacin and maquinox greatly reduced drug dosa,qe, imDroved the druq effect, and provided theoretical support for clinical medicine.

Long-term alpha interferon and lamivudine combination therapy in non-responder patients with anti-HBe-positive chronic hepatitis B:Results of an open,controlled trial

AIM: To investigate the safety and efficacy of long-term combination therapy with alpha interferon and lamivudine in non-responsive patients with anti-HBe-positive chronic hepatitis B.METHODS: 34 patients received combination treatment (1 month lamivudine, 12 month lamivudine+interferon, 6month lamivudine), 24 received lamivudine (12 months),24 received interferon (12 months). Interferon was administered at 6 MU tiw and lamivudine at 100 mg orally once daily. Patients were followed up for 6 months after treatment.RESULTS: At the end of treatment, HBV DNA negativity rates were 88 % with lamivudine+interferon, 99 % with lamivudine and 55 % with interferon, (P=0.004, combination therapy vs. interferon, and P=0.001 lamivudine vs.interferon), and serum transaminase normalization rates were 84 %, 91% and 53 % (P=0.01 combination therapy vs. interferon, and P=0.012 lamivudine vs. interferon). Six months later, HBV DNA negativity rates were 44 % with lamivudine+interferon, 33 % with lamivudine and 25 % with interferon, and serum transaminase normalization rates were 61%, 42 % and 45 %, respectively, without statistical significance. No YMDD variants were observed with lamivudine+interferon (vs. 12 % with lamivudine). The combination therapy appeared to be safe. CONCLUSION: Although viral clearance and transaminase normalization are slower with long-term lamivudine+interferon than that with lamivudine alone, the combination regimen seems to provide more lasting benefits and to protect against the appearance of YMDD variants. Studies with other regimens regarding sequence and duration are needed.

Response of TT virus to IFN plus ribavirin treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C

AIM:TT virus (TTV) is a newly described DNA virus related to postransfusion hepatitis that produces persistent viremia in the absence of clinical manifestations.PEG-IFN plus ribavirin have been useful in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection.This study investigated the responses of TT virus (TTV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) to PEG-IFN plus ribavirin therapy. METHODS:Fifteen patients infected with HCV were treated with PEG-IFN(0.5 μg/body weight/week) and ribavirin (1000 mg-1 200 mg/daily) for 48 weeks,Blood samples were drawn at the beginning and the end of the therapy.Serum TTV DNA and HCV RNA were quantified by real time PCR. RESULTS:At the beginning of treatment,TTV infection was detected in 10/15 (66.6%) of HCV-infected patients.Loss of serum TTV DNA at the end of therapy occurred in 6/10 (60%) patients.Out of these 6 patients,4 (67%) became positive for TTV DNA after 6 months of therapy.Regarding HCV viremia,11/15 (73%) patients were negative for serum HCV RNA after 48 weeks of therapy,7/11 (64%) of these cases also became negative for TTV DNA following the combined treatment.In the 3/4 (75%) patients who were positive for HCV RNA at the end of therapy,TTV DNA was detected as well.Sustained HCV response at 6 months after treatment was 53% (8/15). CONCLUSION:No TTV sustained response can be achieved in any patient after PEG-IFN plus ribavirin administration.

World’s Fastest Supercomputer Picks COVID-19 Drug

We have demonstrated the application of the world’s fastest supercomputer Fugaku located in Japan to select the COVID-19 drugs and stopping the pandemic spread. Using computer simulation out of 2128 potential drug candidates, the world’s fastest supercomputer picked 30 most effective and potential drugs. Twelve of them are under clinical trials outside Japan;some are being tested in Japan. The computer reduced the computation time from one year to 10 days when compared to second superfast computer of the world. Fugaku supercomputer was employed to know the behavior of airborne aerosol COVID-19 virus. 3Cs were suggested: avoid closed and crowded spaces and contacts to stop the pandemic spread. The progress in vaccine development and proper use and type of mask has also been described in this article. The article will benefit greatly to stop spreading and treating the pandemic COVID-19.

基于治未病理论灸药同治对实体恶性肿瘤化疗患者骨髓抑制的预防作用

目的:基于治未病理论探讨灸药同治对实体恶性肿瘤化疗患者骨髓抑制的预防作用。方法:选取2019年1月至2022年1月于武汉科技大学附属武汉亚心总医院接受治疗的实体恶性肿瘤化疗患者120例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组常规接受化疗,观察组化疗前连续3 d给予灸药同治(艾灸+加味八珍汤)。比较治疗前、化疗后7 d 2组患者中医证候积分、血常规[血红蛋白(Hb)、白细胞计数(WBC)、血小板计数(PLT)、中性粒细胞计数(NEUT)]、生命质量[卡诺夫斯凯计分(KPS)、中国癌症患者生命质量(QOL_(2))调查问卷],比较化疗后7 d 2组患者骨髓抑制情况[发生率、严重程度、重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)使用情况]。结果:化疗后7 d,2组患者中医证候积分升高,但观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);Hb、WBC、PLT、NEUT、KPS评分及QOL_(2)评分降低,但观察组高于对照组(均P<0.05);观察组骨髓抑制发生率、rhG-CSF使用率低于对照组,0、Ⅰ度比例高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:基于治未病理论,灸药同治能够改善实体恶性肿瘤化疗患者临床症状及血常规,提高患者生命质量,减少骨髓抑制的发生。

抗癫痫药物致住院患者药疹的临床表现及防治策略

目的 初步评价抗癫痫药物的安全性,并探讨抗癫痫药物引发药疹的防治策略。方法 回顾性分析医院神经内科或儿科2016年1月至2022年12月收治的经皮肤科会诊确诊为由抗癫痫药物致药疹的15例住院患者的临床资料,总结常见引发药疹的抗癫痫药物种类、药疹的分型、系统受累情况、药疹治疗方法的选择和预后。结果 15例患者中,最常引发药疹的药物为奥卡西平(6/15);药疹分型中以麻疹型最常见(13/15),2例Stevens-Johnson综合征(SJS)型分别由奥卡西平和苯巴比妥引起;除药疹外,患者常合并肝功能异常(8/15)、发热(7/15)和外周血嗜酸性粒细胞水平升高(6/15)。经停用/更换致敏抗癫痫药物、抗过敏等对症治疗后,药疹完全消退、系统损害恢复正常。结论 多种抗癫痫药物均可引发药疹,抗癫痫药物引发的药疹以麻疹型多见,但应警惕SJS型的出现及肝功能损害。及时停用致敏药物并更换抗癫痫药物的种类,使用糖皮质激素和(或)抗组胺药物对症治疗,对抗癫痫药物引发的药疹疗效较好。

无乳链球菌的致病因子及其防治策略

[背景]无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)作为条件致病菌,能引起新生儿、老年人等免疫力较低人群感染致病甚至死亡,对其致病因子的研究可提供新的防治思路.[进展]无乳链球菌能产生毒素、胞外多糖、黏附蛋白等来帮助自身在宿主中定植,逃避免疫杀伤,进而导致疾病的发生发展.目前针对无乳链球菌的防治主要是抗生素干预,但滥用抗生素带来的细菌耐药性问题不容忽视,对该菌的检测方法也受到检测速度、灵敏度、成本等限制,因此目前针对无乳链球菌感染的防治方法依然有限.现阶段针对无乳链球菌致病因子及其耐药性的研究已被大量报道,本文对这些研究进行归纳总结,并阐述无乳链球菌防治方法的新探索及其进展.[展望]上述进展为科研人员后续深入研究无乳链球菌并开发相应防治措施提供了理论基础.但目前对无乳链球菌的了解只是冰山一角,而且在检测手段上还缺乏高效、灵敏的方法.未来对无乳链球菌与宿主的作用靶点、检测方法开展深入研究,有望找到特异性防治无乳链球菌感染的药物,降低无乳链球菌带来的危害.

深化基础教育治理改革的价值指向、理念转向与行动路向

深化基础教育治理改革是深化教育综合改革的题中之义,对建设高质量基础教育体系,全面提高教育治理体系和治理能力现代化水平,最终助力中国式现代化深入推进具有基础性和战略性意义。深化基础教育治理改革需要明确构建基于价值指向、理念转向和行动路向的“三位一体”逻辑,系统回应治理走向何方、如何引领和何以推进的关键议题。具体而言,深化基础教育治理改革的价值指向在于坚守基础教育的基础性、彰显以治促改的过程性和实现优质均衡的持续性,与之相应要着力促成全过程一体化治理、撬动校家社共同体治理和全面激活技术治理效能的理念转向。深化基础教育治理改革的行动路向是通过德治引领、法治护佑和自治自觉的方式,重塑一种共治在场的治理新格局,进而达至善治目标,最终彰显高质量基础教育发展的新生态。

略论先秦时期疫病防治措施

目前学界对于先秦时期疫病防治措施的研究还有进一步完善的空间。先秦时期的疫病防治最早可以追溯到殷商时期。先秦时期的人们不仅将疫病按照流行程度、表现特征等进行了分类,而且认识到季节变化会引起不同疫病,并由此总结提出了预防为先、卫生环境整治、驱鬼逐疫、药物治疗等防治方法。可以为后世的疫病防治积累经验,提供参考依据。

下肢骨折深静脉血栓防治的研究进展

深静脉血栓形成(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)是下肢骨折术后的常见并发症,具有高发病率、高致残率、高死亡率等特点。目前临床上防治下肢骨折术后深静脉血栓的措施主要包括围手术期护理、医疗辅助器械干预、西药干预、中医干预、患者自身配合等。患者自身配合是一切防治方法顺利实施的基础,患者的积极合作是实现防治作用的前提。围手术期护理有助于患者了解术后DVT的危险因素及DVT发生后可能引起的危险性,指导患者饮食的选择,协助患者术后活动,进而改善患者血液流变学指标水平,减少术后DVT的发生。医疗器械可协助患者进行术后康复锻炼,改善血液动力学水平,促进患者康复及减少术后DVT的发生。西药如低分子肝素、利伐沙班、依诺肝素等抗凝药物可降低凝血因子的聚集及血液黏稠度,减少术后DVT的发生。中医干预主要包括中药内服及外治法如针灸、推拿等。中药内服可改善血流状态;针灸、推拿可调动脏腑功能,激发机体的正气而改善机体气血情况。各项防治措施都有其优缺点,临证运用时需结合具体条件及患者个体状况而选择合理的防治方式。中医干预DVT可在下肢骨折患者的术前及术后执行,且具有费用低、效果确切等特点,值得不断挖掘及传承创新。

奥妥珠单抗相关不良反应的防治研究

奥妥珠单抗是全球首个人源化、糖基化修饰的Ⅱ型抗CD20单克隆抗体,与Ⅰ型CD20单克隆抗体利妥昔单抗相比,滤泡性淋巴瘤患者使用奥妥珠单抗获益显著。临床试验数据显示,中国人群使用奥妥珠单抗的输液反应、血小板减少及中性粒细胞减少等相关不良反应发生率更高。本文从奥妥珠单抗常见的相关不良反应类型和机制、防治措施及黑框警告内容进行系统性综述,旨在为真实世界安全用药提供相关参考。

胶质母细胞瘤相关药物治疗的研究进展

胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)是一种起源于颅内神经胶质细胞的高级别恶性肿瘤,复发率高,预后差。标准治疗模式是手术切除肿瘤联合放化疗,但因血脑屏障的限制和对化疗药物的耐药机制使疗效大大降低。近年来,针对替莫唑胺、亚硝基类、贝伐珠单抗等抗GBM常用药物作用及耐药机制的不断研究,发现了多种有效的联合治疗方式。此外,在纳米技术领域内,探索新方法对GBM化疗进程产生了极大的影响。本文综述了GBM常用药物的耐药机制、有效联合治疗及其他提高药物治疗疗效策略的最新研究进展。

蒽环类药物心脏毒性的中西药防治策略

蒽环类药物的心脏毒性对其临床使用造成极大限制,为探究蒽环类心脏毒性的规律及中西药防治策略,本文通过文献检索对蒽环类药物心脏毒性的发生机制和防治药物进行了归纳总结,其机制可分氧化应激、炎性反应、心肌细胞自噬以及DNA损伤4大类。防治药物西药以右丙亚胺、ACEI、ARB等为主,中药可分为单药、经方及中成药。在此基础上,对联合用药防治心脏毒性进行了讨论,介绍了西药、中药及中西药联合应用的理论依据及研究现状,结果表明其具有良好的可行性和安全性,可为临床上蒽环类化疗药物心脏毒性的防治策略研究提供参考。

伊丽莎白菌属感染流行病学及耐药性研究进展

近年来,伊丽莎白菌属感染发病率明显增加。伊丽莎白菌属可引起肺炎、脑膜炎、菌血症等,由于其对抗菌药物耐药率高,导致患者住院时间延长、病死率升高,给患者及社会带来沉重负担。本文对伊丽莎白菌属的流行病学、致病机制及耐药情况进行综述,以期为伊丽莎白菌属感染的诊治和防控提供参考依据。

Monkeypox:epidemiology,pathogenesis,treatment and prevention

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease that was once endemic in west and central Africa caused by monkeypox virus.However,cases recently have been confirmed in many nonendemic countries outside of Africa.WHO declared the ongoing monkeypox outbreak to be a public health emergency of international concern on July 23,2022,in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.The rapidly increasing number of confirmed cases could pose a threat to the international community.Here,we review the epidemiology of monkeypox,monkeypox virus reservoirs,novel transmission patterns,mutations and mechanisms of viral infection,clinical characteristics,laboratory diagnosis and treatment measures.In addition,strategies for the prevention,such as vaccination of smallpox vaccine,is also included.Current epidemiological data indicate that high frequency of human-to-human transmission could lead to further outbreaks,especially among men who have sex with men.The development of antiviral drugs and vaccines against monkeypox virus is urgently needed,despite some therapeutic effects of currently used drugs in the clinic.We provide useful information to improve the understanding of monkeypox virus and give guidance for the government and relative agency to prevent and control the further spread of monkeypox virus.

老年骨质疏松症临床诊断及治疗药物研究进展

骨质疏松症是目前临床上最常见的慢性代谢性骨病,在老年人中尤其高发。骨质疏松症的诱因是患者机体内的骨吸收和骨形成之间存在不平衡。年龄增长、经期结束、营养失调,以及药物使用等均会诱发骨质疏松症。骨质疏松症患者常伴有骨折、全身疼痛,行动能力受损,机能损伤,易感染等一系列症状。因其高发病率及其引发的高死亡率,骨质疏松症已经成为我国乃至全世界一个极为严重的健康问题。老年骨质疏松症患者的临床诊断标准尚存在一定争议。包括X线计算机断层成像、高分辨率周边定量X线计算机断层成像和定量超声在内的新型诊断技术已经逐步应用于临床。目前,针对骨质疏松症的临床药物选择主要是抗再吸收和合成代谢药物。另外,联合用药以及新型药物亦在稳步推进中。针对该疾病的药物种类繁多,新旧不一,优缺互现,患者甄别存在很大的困难。本文基于目前老年骨质疏松症研究的最新进展,着重就其临床诊断和药物治疗等几个方面做一简要综述。

Editorial commentary on the special issue of cancer research

Cancer research is at the forefront of medical science,aimed at clarifying the pathogenesis of carcinogenesis as well as prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of cancers.Significant advances have been made in precision medicine,immunotherapy,and cell therapy,among others.In this special issue,we publish nine articles covering various topics,such as potential application of miRNAs in bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment,molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis,plant-derived antitumor drugs,glioma angiogenesis inhibition,acute myeloid leukemia(AML)prognostic markers,therapeutic cancer vaccines,and genetic risk factors for gastric and prostate cancer.