Integrated Sliding Mode Velocity Control of Linear Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Thrust Ripple Compensation

In this paper,a compound sliding mode velocity control scheme with a new exponential reaching law(NERL)with thrust ripple observation strategy is proposed to obtain a high performance velocity loop of the linear permanent magnet synchronous motor(LPMSM)control system.A sliding mode velocity controller based on NERL is firstly discussed to restrain chattering of the conventional exponential reaching law(CERL).Furthermore,the unavoidable thrust ripple caused by the special structure of linear motor will bring about velocity fluctuation and reduced control performance.Thus,a thrust ripple compensation strategy on the basis of extend Kalman filter(EKF)theory is proposed.The estimated thrust ripple will be introduced into the sliding mode velocity controller to optimize the control accuracy and robustness.The effectiveness of the proposal is validated with experimental results.

Comparative Analysis of Bilateral Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors With Different Structures

Permanent magnet linear synchronous motor(PMLSM)has the advantages of high thrust density and good control accuracy,which can be applied in high-power and high-speed occasions.In this paper,the analytical models are established to obtain the electromagnetic performance for the PMLSMs with dual secondaries and dual primaries.The air-gap flux density and the electromagnetic thrust are also obtained by the finite element model to verify theoretical analysis.Besides,an improved structure is also put forward in order to suppress the thrust fluctuation of the PMLSM.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of two PMLSMs topologies are listed.These analyses would provide a guide for the design of PMLSMs applied in high-power and high-speed occasions.

Impulsive control for permanent magnet synchronous motors with uncertainties:LMI approach

A permanent magnet synchronous motor （PMSM） may have chaotic behaviours under certain working conditions, especially for uncertain values of parameters, which threatens the security and stability of motor-driven operation. Hence, it is important to study methods of controlling or suppressing chaos in PMSMs. In this paper, the stability of a PMSM with parameter uncertainties is investigated. After uncertain matrices which represent the variable system parameters are formulated through matrix analysis, a novel asymptotical stability criterion is established by employing the method of Lyapunov functions and linear matrix inequality technology. An example is also given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.

Magnetic field and performance analysis of a tubular permanent magnet linear synchronous motor applied in elevator door system

A novel elevator door driven by tubular permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (TPMLSM) is presented. This TPMLSM applies axial magnet array topology of the secondary rod, air-cored armature windings and slotless structure of the forcer to improve the stability of the thrust. The influence of two major dimensions, the pitch and radius of the permanent magnet (PM), on magnetic field was studied and the best values were given by the finite element analysis (FEA). The magnetic field, back EMF and thrust of the motor were analyzed and the PM size was optimized to reduce the harmonic components of the magnetic field and improve the performance of the motor. Predicted results are validated by the experiment. It is shown that the performance of the motor and the novel elevator door system is satisfying.

Visualization and Quantitative Evaluation of Eddy Current Loss in Bar-Wound Type Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Mild-Hybrid Vehicles

This paper describes the conductor eddy current loss that occurs in a permanent magnet type synchronous motor with a distributed winding stator using a rectangular copper wire designed for mild hybrid system applications for small vehicles.Compared with the conventional round wire inserter method,the space factor can be improved and the coil-end length can be shortened by applying a so-called hairpin windings using a pre-formed into hairpin shape of bar conductor,and as a result,DC current resistance of the armature winding can be reduced.However,since the conductor cross-sectional area tends to increases,the conductor eddy current loss generated by the space harmonics linkage becomes too large to ignore.In order to study the reduction of the conductor eddy current loss,it is important to visualize the spatial leakage flux distribution which causes loss and finely analyze how the magnetic path is formed.Therefore,analysis of the conductor eddy current loss distribution generated in the bar-wound conductor is performed using the CAE model that faithfully reproduces the coil-end shape of the actual machine.Furthermore,it was qualitatively clarified what ratio of conductor eddy current loss at various driving points.Finally,the results of preliminary study on reduction of conductor eddy current loss are reported.

Study on three dimensional electromagnetic model for permanent magnet linear synchronous motor

In this paper, with the non-salient pole permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM)being cited, by using Fourier transform method and "slot-by-slot", "pole -by-pole" current approach, a 3D electromagnetic field model of PMLSM is established. Special attention is paid to its structure and the influence of longitudinal and transverse end effect. The distribution of electromagnetic field of PMLSM can be obtained directly and promptly by using FFT algorithm. It can also be used for the analysis of other LSM.

Optimal design of auxiliary-teeth to solve circulation current reduction of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor

A discontinuity of magnetic circuits according to the end effect is generated in the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM).Due to the unbalanced back electro-motive force (EMF) and impedance produced,unbalanced current is generated.The circulating current,which is caused by a decrease in the thrust,is generated by the unbalanced current.The optimal design of auxiliary-teeth at the end of the mover was carried out to solve the unbalance of phase by using design of experiment (DOE),and compared with the basic model through finite element analysis (FEA).As a result,the auxiliary-teeth model compensates for the decrease of thrust caused by the unbalanced phase.Also,this model is proven to reduce the detent force by the vibration and noise of the PMLSM and copper loss caused by the circulating current.

Characteristics of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor fed by spwm inverter based on field-circuit coupled method

Presented field-circuit coupled adaptive time-stepping finite element method to study on permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) characteristics fed by SPWM voltage source inverter.In air-gap field where the direction or magnitude of the field is changing rapidly,the smallest elements are demanded due to high accuracy to use adaptive meshing technique.The co-simulation was used with the status space functions and time-step finite element functions,in which time-step of the status space functions was the smallest than finite element functions'.The magnitude relation of the normal elec- tromagnetic force and tangential electromagnetic force and the period were attained,and current curve was very abrupt at current zero area due to the bigger resistance and leak- age reactance,including main characteristics of motor voltage and velocity.The simulation results compare triumphantly with the experiments results.

A Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Drive for HTS Maglev Transportation Systems

A permanent magnet linear synchronous motor （PMLSM） for a high temperature superconducting （HTS） maglev system has been studied, including the motor structure, control strategy, and analysis techniques. Finite element analysis （FEA） of magnetic field is conducted to accurately calculate major motor parameters. Equivalent electrical circuit is used to predict the drive＇s steady-state characteristics, and a phase variable model is applied to predict the dynamic performance. Preliminary experiment with a prototype has been made to verify the theoretical analysis and the HTS-PM synchronous driving technology.

Calculation of optimal current density of double side permanent magnet linear synchronous motor

The use of design method considering a coil temperature to maximize the thrust density of a double side coreless permanent magnet linear synchronous motor(PMLSM) was presented.The optimal current density where the coil temperature reaches an allowable temperature with heat analysis was applied to a magnetic circuit design.Changing optimal current density is verified whenever the design parameters of the motor are altered.The design parameters of the motor were applied to thrust calculation.In this way,the optimal model,which is a reversal of the existing design method,is deduced.The results were compared with the experimental data to verify their validity.When the convection heat transfer coefficient is applied to other models,the results of the analysis and test values show good concordance.The method proposed has some limitations.

Temperature Rise Calculation and Velocity Planning of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor under Trapezoidal Speed

For permanent magnet linear synchronous motor(PMLSM) working at trapezoidal speed for long time, high thrust brings high temperature rise, while low thrust limits dynamic performance. Thus, it is crucial to find a balance between temperature rise and dynamic performance. In this paper, a velocity planning model of the PMLSM at trapezoidal speed based on electromagnetic-fluid-thermal(EFT) field is proposed to obtain the optimal dynamic performance under temperature limitation. In this model, the winding loss is calculated considering the acceleration and deceleration time. The loss model is indirectly verified by the temperature rise experiment of an annular winding sample. The actual working conditions of the PMLSM are simulated by dynamic grid technology to research the influence of acceleration and deceleration on fluid flow in the air gap, and the variation rule of the thermal boundary condition is analyzed. Combined with the above conditions, the temperature rise of a coreless PMLSM(CPMLSM) under the rated working condition is calculated and analyzed in detail. Through this method and several iterations, the optimal dynamic performance under the temperature limitation is achieved. The result is verified by a comparison between simulation and prototype tests, which can help improve the dynamic performance.

SIMULATION RESEARCH ON CHARACTERISTICS OFPERMANENT MAGNET LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

In this paper, a simulation model of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor (PMLSM) is established by using phase equations method. Special attention is paid to its structure and the influence of longitudinal end effect and the unbalance of current. The analytic method can be used for the analysis of dynamic and static characteristics of PMLSM.

Robust fuzzy sliding-mode control for T-S model based permanent magnet synchronous motor

A fuzzy sliding-mode control (FSMC) scheme based on T-S fuzzy models was proposed for the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system to solve the speed tracking problem. A T-S fuzzy model was firstly formed to represent the nonlinear system of PMSM. For converting the tracking control into a stabilization problem, a new control design was proposed to define the internal desired states. Then, the FSMC controller for PMSM system with parameter variation and load disturbance was designed based on the fuzzy model. The performance of the proposed controller was verified by experimental results on PMSM system. The results show that the FSMC scheme can drive the dynamics of PMSM into a designated sliding surface in finite time and guarantee the property of asymptotical stability. The information of upper bound of modeling errors as well as perturbations is not required when using the FSMC controller.

梯形Halbach交替极无铁心永磁同步直线电机特性分析与优化设计

针对无铁心永磁同步直线电机(PMLSM)存在推力波动问题以及磁极结构对永磁体利用率的影响,从结构方面着手,提出一种梯形Halbach交替极磁极结构的无铁心永磁同步直线电机,对Halbach阵列进行优化设计。首先通过有限元法对比在Halbach交替极、双层Halbach磁极与梯形Halbach交替极3种磁极结构中PMLSM的电磁性能,分别对气隙磁场谐波成分、空载反电动势、电磁推力以及推力体积比进行计算与对比。其次,采用等效磁化强度法定性分析磁极结构对电机出力性能的影响,并引入Kriging模型,结合多目标优化算法对关键参数进行优化以提高电机平均推力和推力体积比,降低推力波动,得到3个优化目标的Pareto前沿。最后,通过仿真分析验证设计方法的有效性以及电机性能的改善。结果表明:梯形Halbach交替极磁极结构永磁体利用率更高,具有实用价值;梯形Halbach交替极PMLSM能够有效抑制推力波动并保持在7%左右,适用于高精确度加工设备。

基于比例谐振内模扩张状态观测器的PMLSM推力波动抑制策略

定位力是永磁同步直线电机(PMLSM)产生推力波动的主要原因,导致振动和噪声,恶化驱动系统运行性能。针对这一问题,该文提出一种基于比例谐振内模扩张状态观测器(PR-IMESO)的PMLSM推力波动抑制策略以提高系统控制精度和运行性能。首先,对PMLSM推力波动进行建模与分析,针对推力波动中占比较大的定位力分量,根据内模原理研究考虑定位力模型的内模扩张状态观测器(IMESO),并在观测器中引入谐振项以加强对二次脉动定位力的抑制。所提出抑制策略对PMLSM定位力具有良好的观测及补偿能力,还可对其余未建模的复杂动子推力波动进行抑制,具有较好的推力波动整体抑制效果。最后,在一台750 W的PMLSM实验平台上验证所提出抑制策略的有效性。

基于TNESO的PMSLM分数阶自抗扰控制

线性自抗扰控制(LADRC)以结构简单、易于实现且抗干扰能力强的特点在永磁同步直线电机(PMSLM)中得到广泛应用,但电机启动和负载突变会导致LADRC系统中的线性扩张状态观测器(LESO)扰动估计精度下降。为此,提出一种基于时变增益非线性扩张状态观测器(TNESO)的PMSLM分数阶自抗扰控制策略。结合LESO和非线性扰动观测器(NDOB),并根据误差与增益的关系构建动态增益函数,设计新型状态观测器TNESO;在此基础上,以分数阶PDμ控制律代替线性状态误差反馈控制律(LSEF),建立改进型自抗扰速度控制系统,以进一步提高电机控制的实时性和鲁棒性。仿真与实验结果表明:所设计的速度控制系统可以有效减少直线电机启动、负载突变时的观测响应时间,抑制观测初始时刻扰动峰值,从而满足高性能的PMSLM速度控制要求。

永磁直线同步电机改进预测电流控制

永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)预测电流控制(PCC)时存在易受参数变化和延迟以及负载扰动影响,为此提出基于二阶超螺旋滑模观测器(STSMO)的改进型PCC。首先,建立包含不确定性的PMLSM动态数学模型。然后,为了补偿参数变化以及延迟的影响,采用二阶STSMO估计下一周期的电流和参数变化造成的扰动电压,估计值用以计算下一周期的给定电压,以提高电流跟踪精确度,通过李雅普诺夫函数证明观测器的稳定性。同时,采用基于改进指数趋近律的自适应滑模控制器(ASMC)对速度进行跟踪,将状态变量和滑模面加入到指数趋近律中,不仅削弱了电流抖振,且进一步提升了系统的鲁棒性。半实物仿真实验结果表明,与传统PCC相比,提出方法能有效地抑制不确定性对系统影响,使系统具有更好的跟踪性能和鲁棒性。

基于改进分数阶滑模控制的PMLSM直接推力控制

针对分数阶滑模控制在永磁直线同步电机(Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor, PMLSM)直接推力控制下转速环精度不高、磁链和推力波动大等问题,提出一种改进的分数阶滑模控制算法,即分数阶双幂次指数趋近律、分数阶变速趋近律相结合的组合趋近律,能有效减弱滑模控制引起的系统振荡,加快趋近速率。仿真结果表明:与分数阶滑模控制相比,在PMLSM直接推力控制系统中采取改进分数阶滑模控制,磁链和推力波动明显减弱,系统响应速度加快,提高了PMLSM推力响应的抗干扰能力。

基于扰动观测器和改进自适应二阶快速终端滑模的PMLSM伺服系统控制

针对永磁直线同步电动机(PMLSM)在运行时易受到摩擦力、负载扰动及环境变化等不确定影响,设计一种基于扰动观测器和自适应二阶快速终端滑模控制方法。首先,该方法在高阶滑模的基础上结合了快速终端滑模控制,有效加快了系统响应速度。其次,在二阶滑模面的基础上引入条件积分项,该项仅作用于边界层内部,能够有效避免滑模到达阶段由于积分饱和现象导致的超调量过大及响应时间过慢的问题。此外,设计自适应切换控制律,使切换增益在合理的区间内,并根据系统状态进行实时更新,从而削弱抖振现象。最后,为进一步提升系统的鲁棒性,采用扰动观测器对PMLSM系统的集总不确定性进行补偿。经实验验证,该控制方法具有良好的位置跟踪精度和强鲁棒性,且对系统抖振现象有明显削弱作用。

永磁同步直线电机的矢量控制

由于旋转电机加滚珠丝杠的传统机械结构加入了中间传动环节,无法进一步提升使用性能,研究了永磁同步直线电动机矢量控制算法.针对永磁同步直线电动机开展矢量控制算法分析以及验证工作,在矢量控制系统框架下进行了硬件搭建与软件设计,搭建了永磁同步直线电机矢量控制验证平台,测试核心算法,经过试验,设计的软/硬件能够对永磁同步直线电机进行有效控制,有较好的鲁棒性.