Research on Ride Comfort Model of Wheel Motor Driving Vehicle Based on Matlab/Simulink

Simulink is a visual simulation tool in MATLAB;?through Simulink software,?to establish a model can reduce the amount of programming workload,?and?improve the efficiency of the establishment of automotive models.?The ride comfort of the vehicle is a measure of the most basic indicators of a car performance.?By establishing a ride comfort model in Matlab/Simulink, the wheel motor electric vehicle mainly affects the smoothness of the car mainly in the following aspects:?pavement, tire, suspension, motor and so on.?Through the establishment of the above model,?we?can effectively study the wheel motor drive electric vehicle ride comfort research.

An Expandable,Contextualized and Data-Driven Indoor Thermal Comfort Model

Continuous discrepancies in building performance predictions creates an ongoing inclination to link contextu-alized,real-time inputs and users’feedback for not only building control systems but also for simulation tools.It is now seeming necessary to develop a model that can record,find meaningful relationship and predict more holistic human interactions in buildings.Such model could create capacity for feedback and control with a level of intelligence.Fuzzy Logic Systems(FLSs)are known as robust tools in decision making and developing models in an efficient manner.Considering this capability,in this paper,FLSs is implemented to make a thermal comfort model in an educational building in the UK.Such implementation has an ability to respond to some identified desires of developers and performance assessors in addressing uncertainty in thermal comfort models.The results demonstrate the proposed method is practical to simulate the value of comfort level based on the input data.

A day-ahead scheduling framework for thermostatically controlled loads with thermal inertia and thermal comfort model

This paper proposes a day-ahead dispatch framework of thermostatically controlled loads(TCLs) for system peak load reduction. The proposed day-ahead scheduling framework estimates the user’s indoor thermal comfort degree through the building thermal inertia modelling. Based on the thermal comfort estimation, a dayahead TCL scheduling model is formulated, which consists of 3 stages: TCL aggregator estimates maximal controllable TCL capacities at each scheduling time interval by solving a optimization model;[ the system operator performs the day-ahead system dispatch to determine the load shedding instruction for each aggregator;and ′the TCL aggregator schedules the ON/OFFcontrol actions of the TCL groups based on the instruction from the system operator. A heuristic based optimization method, history driven differential evolution(HDDE)algorithm, is employed to solve the day-ahead dispatch model of the TCL aggregator side. Simulations are conducted to validate the proposed model.

Experimental Study on the Ride Comfort of a Crawler Power Chassis Scale Model Based on the Similitude Theory

The ride comfort experimental assessment of crawler off-road vehicle is relatively overlooked, and is expensive and difficult to execute with higher and higher ride comfort performance requirements. To trade off between precise and cost, an experimental method based on the similitude theory is proposed. Under the guidance of the similitude theory, a 1：5 crawler power chassis scale model equipped with a kind of variable stiffness suspension system is used. The power spectrum density（PSD）, the root mean square（RMS） of weighed acceleration, peak factor, average absorbed power（AAP） and vibration dose value（VDV） are selected as ride comfort evaluation indexes, and tests results are transformed via similarity indexes to predict the performance of full-scale power chassis. PSD shows that the low-order natural frequency of the vertical natural frequency（z axis） is 1.1 Hz, and the RMS, AAP and VDV values indicate the ride comfort performance of this kind of power chassis is between the ＂A little uncomfortable＂ and ＂Rather uncomfortable＂. From the results, low-order vertical natural frequency, obtained by PSD, validates that the similarity relationship between two models is satisfied, and 1：5 scale model used in experiment meets the similarity relationship with the full-scale model; consequently, the ride comfort prophase evaluation with the 1：5 scale model is feasible. The attempt of applying the similitude theory to crawler vehicle ride comfort test study decreases the cost and improves the test feasibility with sufficient test precise.

Optimisation of Thermal Comfort of Building in a Hot and Dry Tropical Climate: A Comparative Approach between Compressed Earth/Concrete Block Envelopes

Compressed earth blocks (CEB) are an alternative to cement blocks in the construction of wall masonry. However, the optimal architectural construction methods for adequate thermal comfort for occupants in hot and arid environments are not mastered. This article evaluates the influence of architectural and constructive modes of buildings made of CEB walls and concrete block walls, to optimize and compare their thermal comfort in the hot and dry tropical climate of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Two identical pilot buildings whose envelopes are made of CEB and concrete blocks were monitored for this study. The thermal models of the pilot buildings were implemented in the SketchUp software using an extension of EnergyPlus. The models were empirically validated after calibration against measured thermal data from the buildings. The models were used to do a parametric analysis for optimization of the thermal performances by simulating plaster coatings on the exterior of walls, airtight openings and natural ventilation depending on external weather conditions. The results show that the CEB building displays 7016 hours of discomfort, equivalent to 80.1% of the time, and the concrete building displays 6948 hours of discomfort, equivalent to 79.3% of the time. The optimization by modifications reduced the discomfort to 2918 and 3125 hours respectively;i.e. equivalent to only 33.3% for the CEB building and 35.7% for the concrete building. More study should evaluate thermal optimizations in buildings in real time of usage such as residential buildings commonly used by the local middle class. The use of CEB as a construction material and passive means of improving thermal comfort is a suitable ecological and economical option to replace cementitious material.

Field study of seasonal thermal comfort and adaptive behavior for occupants in residential buildings of Xi’an,China

The study aims to investigate the thermal comfort requirements in residential buildings and to establish an adaptive thermal comfort model in the cold zone of China.A year-long field study was conducted in residential buildings in Xi’an,China.A total of 2069 valid questionnaires,along with indoor environmental parameters were obtained.The results indicated occupants’thermal comfort requirements varied with seasons.The neutral temperatures were 17.9,26.1(highest),25.2,and 17.4℃(lowest),and preferred temperatures were 23.2,25.6(highest),24.8,and 22.4℃(lowest),respectively for spring,summer,autumn,and winter.The neutral temperature and preferred temperature in autumn are close to the neutral temperature in summer,while the neutral temperature and preferred temperature in spring are close to that in winter.Besides,the 80%and 90%acceptable temperature ranges,adaptive thermal comfort models,and thermal comfort zones for each season were established.Human’s adaptability is related to his/her thermal experience of the current season and the previous season.Therefore,compared with the traditional year-round adaptive thermal comfort model,seasonal models can better reflect seasonal variations of human adaptation.This study provides fundamental knowledge of the thermal comfort demand for people in this region.

Optimisation of Climate Robust Buildings under Summer Conditions with ＂Primero-Comfort＂ Simulation Software Including Detailed User Behaviour and Comfort Expectance

In this paper the possibilities for avoiding active air conditioning by all means of the room itself （window size, glazing, shading system, natural ventilation, and furniture）, artificial light and control strategy of these systems are investigated. A very important component of the system is the user with his ability to adapt to changing conditions in his surrounding and with his possibilities to manipulate the window, the shading system, the light switch etc. All these aspects interact together. It is necessary to optimize them simultaneously. But real planning often separates them into single sections. Simulation tools also handle normally only one or a few aspects, we know for example the thermal simulation or the daylight simulation. Primero-Comfort （2009） is a simulation tool based on energy＋, what is able to consider thermal simulation as well as daylight simulation as well as user behaviour in regard to the probability of window openings. The resulting thermal comfort is rated by an adaptive comfort model, the Dutch ISSO 74 （2004）. This allows designing office rooms more realistic. And it shows that an optimized solution has to include the interactions of aU mentioned aspects. Investigations with Primero-Comfort for a moderate European climate （Hamburg） show that a very good comfort can be reached only by passive means of building design also for hot summer weather just like the summer in the year 2003. The keys for such hot-summer-robust-buildings are night ventilation with height difference, heat protection glazing and good shading system, reduced internal heat gains for artificial light by accepting a threshold of 300 lx of daylight as comfortable and a reduced window size oriented on daylighting and the view out of the window.

Thermal Comfort in Waiting Room at Railway Station in Cold Region in China

A field study and analysis about the thermal comfort was carried out in the waiting room at Beijing West Rail Station in Chinese cold region.Passengers' TSV(thermal sense vote)was obtained using statistical method on the basis of more than 1 200 questionnaires.The linear regression between TSV and indoor temperature indicates that thermal neutral temperature is 25.2 ℃.According to the percentage of satisfaction among all passengers under different indoor temperatures,the acceptable temperature range in the waiting room is 24.2～30.2℃.It is also found that passengers' temporary stay should be taken into consideration for the thermal comfort analysis.Passengers' TSV is not a constant value after they enter the waiting room.In fact,ΔTSV increases as passengers are waiting for the train,and the growing rate is dependent on indoor-outdoor temperature difference.The greater the temperature difference,the faster ΔTSV increases.At last,a linear regression between indoor comfortable temperature and outdoor temperature was generated as the adaptive comfort model.

Research on the Winter Thermal Comfort of Library's Atrium Reading Space in Harbin Universities

As a transition space,atrium not only organizes traffic,makes the flow line flexible,but also modulates the indoor micro-climate. Because of its good sense of space and lighting performance,designers generally set reading space around the atrium. But nowadays,people are more concerned with the external form of the architecture,rather than the thermal comfort conditions of the atrium reading space. This article chooses the universities' library atrium space of Harbin in typical city in cold regions as the carrier of research,testes the thermal environment of atrium reading space, analyzes the user 's subjective feelings of the thermal environment and establishes climate adaptation model applied to library buildings. This paper aims to study on Winter thermal comfort of universities' library atrium reading space in cold area. Bases on thermal comfort adaptive model,it establishes a reasonable heating methods and design temperature index of indoor thermal environment. Optimum comfort is obtained while achieving building energy efficiency and providing viewers a comfortable reading space.

Regional Distribution of Perceived Temperatures Estimated by the Human Heat Budget Model (the Klima-Michel Model) in South Korea

The regional distribution of perceived temperatures （PT） for 28 major weather stations in South Korea during the past 22 years （1983-2004） was investigated by employing a human heat budget model, the Klima-Michel model. The frequencies of a cold stress and a heat load by each region were compared. The sensitivity of PT in terms of the input of synoptic meteorological variables were successfully tested. Seogwipo in Jeju Island appears to be the most comfortable city in Korea. Busan also shows a high frequency in the comfortable PT range. The frequency of the thermal comfort in Seoul is similar to that of Daejeon with a relatively low frequency. In this study, inland cities like Daegu and Daejeon had very hot thermal sensations. Low frequencies of hot thermal sensations appeared in coastal cities （e.g., Busan, Incheon, and Seogwipo）. Most of the 28 stations in Korea exhibited a comfort thermal sensation over 40% in its frequency, except for the mountainous regions. The frequency of a heat load is more frequent than that of a cold stress. There are no cities with very cold thermal sensations. In this study, we found the decreasing trend of mortality with an increasing PT. If the PT is over any critical temperature point, however, the mortality rate increases again. The mortality variation with the PT of a station seems to be associated with the latitudinal location of the station, implying that it results from a regional acclimation effect of inhabitants.

Prediction Research on Ride Comfort of Special Full Trailer used by Precision Equipment

In order to evaluate a full trailer’s vibration performance,lumped mass model of seven degrees of freedom is set up to predict the ride comfort of whole vehicle.The acceleration history and the transfer function of each measuring point can be got from simulation.The analysis results show that the maximum acceleration RMS value of the vehicle mass center is about 0.3g,which satisfies the requirements of attenuating vibration of precision equipment being transported on particular roads and speeds.So the research provides valuable reference for the optimum selection of the suspension system’s parameters.

揿针疗法联合舒适干预模式对胃肠道肿瘤化疗恶心呕吐的应用效果

目的:探讨揿针疗法联合舒适干预模式对胃肠道肿瘤化疗恶心呕吐的应用效果。方法:本研究于2020年3月—2022年3月进行,共纳入江西省肿瘤医院120例接受化疗的胃肠道肿瘤患者。通过随机数字表法分为对照组(n=60)和试验组(n=60)。对照组接受常规护理,试验组接受揿针疗法联合舒适干预模式。比较两组恶心呕吐改善情况、功能状态[卡式功能状态量表(KPS)评分]、疲乏状况(中文版Piper疲乏评估量表)、依从性情况及生活质量[欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量问卷(EORTC-QLQ-C30)]的变化。结果:试验组的恶心呕吐改善率高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,试验组的KPS评分高于对照组、Piper疲劳评估量表评分低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组总依从率高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,试验组EORTC-QLQ-C30各维度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:揿针疗法联合舒适干预模式能有效改善胃肠道肿瘤化疗患者的恶心呕吐症状,提升功能状态,减轻疲乏状况,增强患者的依从性,以及显著提高生命质量。

考虑驾驶风格和舒适性的电动汽车制动能量回收策略

现有的制动能量回收策略未充分考虑驾驶风格对前、后轴制动力矩分配的影响,降低了能量回收率,增加了制动减速度。为此,提出了一种考虑驾驶风格和制动舒适性的再生能量回收策略,对不同驾驶风格的驾驶员采用不同的权重系数去权衡制动能量回收效率与制动舒适性。设计模糊规则控制器对驾驶员舒适性权重进行分配,建立包含舒适性和制动能量回收效率的多目标优化模型。最后结合考虑电池、电机特性和紧急工况等影响因素确定制动力矩分配策略。仿真结果表明,与其他控制策略相比,所提出的控制策略使驾驶员处于舒适与轻微不适的占比分别增加3.4%和1.58%,并消除严重不适,电池SOC值损失0.3183%。

共享汽车驾驶员适宜H点和座椅参数实验研究

共享汽车具有车型统一、用户多变且使用频率高的特点,为提升共享汽车使用效率和驾乘体验,研发一种能根据驾驶员特征自动调节舒适坐姿的智能座椅意义重大。本文针对用户座椅调节存在的主观任意性导致的座椅舒适性问题,结合共享汽车智能座椅项目,以座椅H点前后位置、H点高低位置、坐垫角和靠背角4个变量为研究因子进行台架实验,分别研究5th、50th和95th百分位驾驶员的座椅舒适性受座椅参数的影响规律。首先,每个研究因子在参考车型范围内均匀选取3个实验水平,采用正交实验表对实验次数进行简化,确定正交实验须进行的组数并进行正交台架实验。实验人员对每组的座椅舒适性进行主观评价,同时通过压力测量仪和数显角度尺测量实验人员的体压分布信息和关节角度信息;其次,通过聚类分析确定了本文采用的以关节角度为客观参数的主客观舒适性评价体系,通过正交实验分析,得出了不同座椅参数对座椅舒适性的影响存在差异的结论,且随着驾驶员百分位的变化,对座椅舒适性造成影响的参数也在发生变化;最后,对正交实验所得数据进行修正拟合,构建了座椅适宜H点位置预测模型和靠背角度预测模型。

基于驾驶模拟的隧道照明对行车安全及舒适度评价影响研究

随着交通运输基础设施建设发展模式由追求速度规模向更加注重质量效益转变,精细化、因地制宜地设定隧道照明环境需求日益增多.隧道照明系统设计应以保证驾驶员行车的安全性与舒适度为前提,因此需要对隧道照明如何影响驾驶员隧道行车的安全性与舒适度进行量化评估.基于隧道照明理论和驾驶员行车基础研究,选取影响驾驶员安全性与舒适度的8项指标,建立驾驶员安全性与舒适度评价体系,并通过隧道驾驶仿真环境与硬件设施实现室内仿真研究:基于UC-win/Road软件建立隧道虚拟仿真模型,通过驾驶模拟器和生理仪器获取8项指标对应的数据,对数据进行处理后通过熵权法确定指标权重,评估不同照明亮度与色温环境下的隧道安全性与舒适度.以驾驶员的行车安全及舒适评价值最优为目的,得出隧道内亮度和色温的最佳设定值.实验结果验证了驾驶员行车安全与舒适度评价体系的有效性,提出了改进的照明方案,为隧道运营方提供参考.

基于神经网络空间环境设计预测舒适度模型建构

通过环境舒适度指标计算,获取影响空间环境设计舒适度的5个PMV变量指标;将其作为采用粒子群优化算法改进权值阈值后的RBF神经网络模型的输入,经归一化变形法完成PMV变换后,结合舒适度评价标准获取最终空间环境设计的舒适度等级。经测试分析得出:所建构模型的空间环境设计的舒适度预测输出值和期望输出值的拟合度极高,平均预测误差仅为0.21%;并且能够准确地预测出不同时刻的空间环境设计的舒适度。

Evaluation of Thermal Effect of PCM Wallboards by Coupling Simplified Phase Change Model with Design Tool

A simplified PCM wallboard model is coupled to an existing design-oriented model of multi-zone buildings. Using a reference model and a basic simulation configuration, the accuracy of the resulting PCM wallboard-building thermal design tool is evaluated. A new performance indicator, called PCM utilization factor, is then proposed in order to estimate the thermal efficiency of using PCM wallboards in buildings. Using this PCM Utilization factor and a degrees-hours indicator, the ability of the PCM wallboard-building thermal design tool to evaluate the effect of PCM wallboards on heating loads and summer thermal comfort in the early design phase of a project is examined in two real case studies: a family house project and an existing office building. The user-friendliness of this design tool, and the short calculation times it leads to when performing a year-long simulation using a standard office computer, make it a well-adapted tool for sensibility studies or multi-criterion optimization for buildings that contain PCM wallboards.

萧氏舒适护理模式联合加速康复外科理论在肝癌手术患者中的应用价值研究

目的:探讨萧氏舒适护理模式联合加速康复外科理论在肝癌手术患者中的应用价值。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年12月在桂林医学院附属医院行肝癌手术的90例患者按照就诊顺序机械分为(就诊先后顺序123循环分组)舒适护理组、加速康复组、联合组,分别给予萧氏舒适护理、加速康复外科理论指导下的护理模式、萧氏舒适护理模式联合加速康复外科理论指导下的护理模式,比较三组术后恢复指标、术后并发症发生情况、入院时及出院前焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分、生存质量、护理服务满意度。结果:三组术后首次排气时间、排便时间、术后住院时间、住院费用对比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),联合组首次排气时间、排便时间均早于舒适护理组、加速康复组,术后住院时间较舒适护理组、加速康复组显著短,住院费用较舒适护理组、加速康复组显著少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后联合组并发症发生率为6.67%,较舒适护理组(53.33%)、加速康复组(50.00%)显著低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。入院时三组SAS、SDS评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),出院前联合组SAS、SDS评分较舒适护理组、加速康复组均显著低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。入院时三组卡氏功能状态(KPS)评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),出院前三组KPS评分均显著提高,且出院前联合组KPS评分较舒适护理组、加速康复组均显著高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后联合组对护理服务满意率为93.33%,较舒适护理组(63.33%)、加速康复组(56.67%)均显著高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:萧氏舒适护理模式联合加速康复外科理论应用于肝癌患者可改善胃肠功能,缩短住院时间,减轻负性情绪,降低并发症,提高生活质量及护理服务满意度。

Plan-Do-Check-Act模式联合舒适化护理对肝硬化并腹水患者的影响

目的:探讨Plan-Do-Check-Act(PDCA)模式联合舒适化护理对肝硬化并腹水患者心理状态、并发症及生存质量的影响.方法:选取2021年8月至2023年3月本院收治的104例肝硬化并腹水患者作为研究对象.根据护理方案,将其分为实验组(n=54,给予PDCA模式联合舒适化护理)和对照组(n=50,给予舒适化护理).比较两组患者汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-Bref)评分及并发症发生率.结果:干预后,实验组患者HAMA、HAMD评分低于对照组,WHOQOL-Bref量表各方面评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:PDCA模式联合舒适化护理干预可改善肝硬化并腹水患者心理状态,降低并发症发生率,提高生存质量.

Analysis of Thermal Behavior of Materials in the Building Envelope Using Building Information Modeling (BIM)—A Case Study Approach

Building envelope is a fence that controls heat exchange between interior and exterior and plays an essential role in providing thermal comfort conditions of residents. In recent years, due to the necessity of conserving energy and also preventing increased environmental pollution, the importance of sustainable construction has been doubled. Checking the problems of thermal behavior of the building envelope materials, and what influences in the heating and cooling loads exerted and energy consumption of buildings, are the questions that this research seeks to answer. In this regard, building information modelling analysis (BIM) has worthy contribution in the completion process of sustainable design;thus using software Design Builder, it is paid attention to simulation of the thermal behavior of two types of defined materials for the building envelope that was designed as a Research Institute of Renewable Energy of Yazd University. For Type 1 materials, two layers of brick have been selected, and for Type 2 a thermal insulation layer also added it. Results of the analysis showed that the use of materials Type 2 in the cooling load %4.8 and in the thermal load %62.5 reduction can be achieved which means reducing the load on active system and thus reducing the initial cost of building. Also reduction in annual energy consumption by almost %2.4 for cooling and %62.9 for heating buildings have been achieved, which makes saving non-renewable energy consumption, and consequently reducing environmental pollution as well as reducing current costs will be established.