Project⁃based Pollutant Emission Control of Diesel Construction Equipment

This paper examines project⁃based policies and regulations implemented globally to control and mitigate emissions from diesel⁃powered construction equipment.This study systematically reviews and analyzes various managerial,regulatory,and technical measures adopted across countries and regions,mostly of advanced economy.Key strategies of control include setting emission thresholds,idling restrictions,perform remote online monitoring,operational time limits,setting low emission zones,and enforced registration systems.The review highlights the rationale,implementation details,and experiences gained from these localized approaches,reduces localized emission sources,improve urban air quality and environmental management efficiency.

Cold Chain Logistics Equipment Management and Control Based on Internet of Things

The status and supporting policies of cold chain logistics equipment man- agement and control in China were described. The connotation of Internet of Things and its impact on cold chain logistics equipment management and control were ana- lyzed from external form to internal nature. Through introducing the value chain and relevant equipments of cold chain logistics, the correlation between the main technologies in Internet of Things and the common indices for cold chain logistics equipment management and control was analyzed in detail. The application values of Internet of Things technologies in cold chain logistics equipment management and control were illustrated, including the sample analysis on the application of radio-frequency identification （RFID）. After the establishment of BSC performance evaluation index system of cold chain logistics equipment management and control, the optimization measures and suggestions on cold chain logistics equipment management and control under Internet of Things were put forward.

Command filtered integrated estimation guidance and control for strapdown missiles with circular field of view

In this paper,an integrated estimation guidance and control(IEGC)system is designed based on the command filtered backstepping approach for circular field-of-view(FOV)strapdown missiles.The threedimensional integrated estimation guidance and control nonlinear model with limited actuator deflection angle is established considering the seeker's FOV constraint.The boundary time-varying integral barrier Lyapunov function(IBLF)is employed in backstepping design to constrain the body line-of-sight(BLOS)in IEGC system to fit a circular FOV.Then,the nonlinear adaptive controller is designed to estimate the changing aerodynamic parameters.The generalized extended state observer(GESO)is designed to estimate the acceleration of the maneuvering targets and the unmatched time-varying disturbances for improving tracking accuracy.Furthermore,the command filters are used to solve the"differential expansion"problem during the backstepping design.The Lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of the overall closed-loop IEGC system.Finally,the simulation results validate the integrated system's effectiveness,achieving high accuracy strikes against maneuvering targets.

An Intelligent Control Method for the Low-Carbon Operation of Energy-Intensive Equipment

Based on an analysis of the operational control behavior of operation experts on energy-intensive equipment,this paper proposes an intelligent control method for low-carbon operation by combining mechanism analysis with deep learning,linking control and optimization with prediction,and integrating decision-making with control.This method,which consists of setpoint control,self-optimized tuning,and tracking control,ensures that the energy consumption per tonne is as low as possible,while remaining within the target range.An intelligent control system for low-carbon operation is developed by adopting the end-edge-cloud collaboration technology of the Industrial Internet.The system is successfully applied to a fused magnesium furnace and achieves remarkable results in reducing carbon emissions.

Modeling and Simulation of Equipment Material Inventory Control Based on System Dynamics

The paper discusses how the inventory control of army equipment material runs sytematically under the two-level maintenance system,and establishes the inventory control model based on system dynamics.On the basis of modeling and simulation,the influence of different inventory upper limit on the whole system is studied,and the optimal inventory control mechanism under the model condition is foud.In addition,through the simulation of two replenishment strategies(s,S) and(T,s,S),the advantages and disadvantages and feasibility of each replenishment strategy are analyzed.

The PLC Control System of Vacuum Resin Shot Dosing Equipment

The principle and working process of Vacuum Resin Shot Dosing Equipment(VRSDE) are analyzed and the characteristics of IP1612-220PLC (Programmable Logical Controller) areintroduced briefly at first. Then the authors discuss the flow of program, the assignment of PLCI/O ports, the wiring diagram, and the ladder logic program of the PLC control system of VRSDE indetail. Some application issues of the system are accounted for in addition. Finally, according tothe information acquired from users, the authors draw the conclusion: this system owns a highreliability and a-vailability and greatly improves the automatic degree of VRDE.

Identifying Industrial Control Equipment Based on Rule Matching and Machine Learning

To identify industrial control equipment is often a key step in network mapping,categorizing network resources,and attack defense.For example,if vulnerable equipment or devices can be discovered in advance and the attack path canbe cut off,security threats canbe effectively avoided and the stable operationof the Internet canbe ensured.The existing rule-matching method for equipment identification has limitations such as relying on experience and low scalability.This paper proposes an industrial control device identification method based on PCA-Adaboost,which integrates rule matching and machine learning.We first build a rule base from network data collection and then use single andmulti-protocol rule-matchingmethods to identify the type of industrial control devices.Finally,we utilize PCA-Adaboost to identify unlabeled data.The experimental results show that the recognition rate of this method is better than that of the traditional Nmap device recognitionmethod and the device recognition accuracy rate reaches 99%.The evaluation effect of the test data set is significantly enhanced.

Dynamic Control System of Automatic Monitoring Equipment for Waste Gas Pollution Source

In order to improve the quality of automatic monitoring data of pollution sources and apply the automatic monitoring data to verify the environmental tax,Shandong Province took the lead in adopting the Internet of Things technology and drawing on the successful experience of air automatic monitoring stations and surface water automatic monitoring stations in management,and developed a dynamic management and control system for automatic monitoring equipment of pollution sources to improve and strengthen the quality audit of automatic monitoring data,further improve the quality of automatic monitoring data and better provide a basis for environmental management and decision making.The system realizes the simultaneous monitoring of monitoring data,running state and parameters of the automatic monitoring equipment,eliminates the phenomenon of falsification by modifying equipment parameters,and judges the validity of the collected data by acquiring the working state of the equipment remotely and randomly.After the actual operation test of the Department of Ecological Environment of Shandong Province,the system is proved to have the characteristics of practicality,real time and high efficiency,and be able to make up for low frequency and narrow coverage of manual inspection,with good application prospect in the field of environment and pollution source monitoring.

An Application of a Multivariable Self-Tuning Regulatorto the Control System of a Equipment Spare Parts

A discrete-dine control system model of equipment spare parts is proposed In this model,the stochastic demand, of the spare parts is described by the state equation disturbance. The controlpolicy of the system was deduced by means of the methods of a multivariable self-tuning regulatorand reduced-cud r state observer. An example was given in the end.

基于Command and Control通信信道流量属性聚类的僵尸网络检测方法

僵尸网络(Botnet)是一种从传统恶意代码形态进化而来的新型攻击方式,为攻击者提供了隐匿、灵活且高效的一对多命令与控制信道(Command and Control channel,C&C)机制,可以控制大量僵尸主机实现信息窃取、分布式拒绝服务攻击和垃圾邮件发送等攻击目的。该文提出一种与僵尸网络结构和C&C协议无关,不需要分析数据包的特征负载的僵尸网络检测方法。该方法首先使用预过滤规则对捕获的流量进行过滤,去掉与僵尸网络无关的流量;其次对过滤后的流量属性进行统计;接着使用基于X-means聚类的两步聚类算法对C&C信道的流量属性进行分析与聚类,从而达到对僵尸网络检测的目的。实验证明,该方法高效准确地把僵尸网络流量与其他正常网络流量区分,达到从实际网络中检测僵尸网络的要求,并且具有较低的误判率。

Adaptive optimization of agile organization of command and control resource

Adaptive optimization is one of the means that agile organization of command and control resource （AOC2R） adapts for the dynamic battlefield environment. A math model of the adaptive optimization of AOC2R is put forward by analyzing the interrelating concept and research. The model takes the adaptive process as a multi-stage decision making problem. The 2-phases method is presented to calculate the model, which obtains the related parameters by running the colored Petri net （CPN） model of AOC2R and then searches for the result by ant colony optimization （ACO） algorithm integrated with genetic optimization techniques. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm greatly improves the performance of AOC2R.

Tri-directional shaking table tests of vibration sensitive equipment with static dynamics interchangeable-ball pendulum system

Recently, the high-tech industry has become a key industry for economic development in many countries. However, vibration sensitive equipment located in these industrial buildings is vulnerable during earthquakes, which may cause huge economic loss. In this study, an innovative isolator for safeguarding the vibration sensitive equipment, namely, the static dynamics interchangeable^all pendulum system （SDI-BPS） is proposed and investigated to examine its protective capability for the vibration sensitive equipment during earthquakes through a series of tri-directional shaking table tests. The experimental results illustrate that the SDI-BPS isolator can provide significant damping to rolling types of base isolation systems for reducing the bearing displacement and size, and avoid the stress concentration, which can cause damage or scratches on the rolling surface of the isolator, to prolong its life span of service. The SDI-BPS isolator also provides excellent capability in protecting the vibration sensitive equipment and exhibits a stable behavior under long terms of service loadings and earthquakes.

Command and Control Cities in Global Space-economy Before and after 2008 Geo-economic Transition

The global economic downturn caused primarily by the US sub-prime mortgage crisis in 2007 engendered revenue loss of the multinational corporations. Existing studies have yet to depict the detrimental impacts on city＇s command and control functions induced by the sub-prime mortgage crisis together with its residual wave of global economic recession on the global spatial economy. Recent and previous studies have produced an ＇instant history＇ of the global spatial economy before the global economic downturn undermines the global economy in late 2008. How- ever, the waxes and wanes of major cities＇ command and control functions on the global economic arena before and after the outbreak of financial crisis and its associated geo-economic transitions are still poorly understood. This paper attempts to contribute a new set of customized data to update and fill in the gap in the literature with the investigation of the command and control functions of cities arotmd the world from 2005 to 2009. Particular attentions are paid to the time-space relationship of the geo-economic transition that can capture the recent historical images of the com- mand and control situation of different cities in the world.

Command Filtered Finite/Fixed-time Heading Tracking Control of Surface Vehicles

This paper investigates the heading tracking problem of surface vehicles with unknown model parameters.Based on finite/fixed-time control theories and in the context of command filtered control,two novel adaptive control laws are developed by which the vehicle can track the desired heading within settling time with all signals of the closed-loop system are uniformly bounded.The effectiveness and performance of the schemes are demonstrated by simulations and comparison studies.

Key Technologies and Development Trends in Advanced Intelligent Sawing Equipments

As a starting point in equipment manufacturing,sawing plays an important role in industrial production.Intelligent manufacturing equipment is an important carrier of intelligent manufacturing technologies.Due to the backwardness of intelligent technology,the comprehensive performance of sawing equipments in China is obviously different from that in foreign countries.State of the art of advanced sawing equipments is investigated along with the technical bottleneck of sawing machine tool manufacturing,and a new industrial scheme of replacing turning-milling by sawing is described.The key technologies of processing-measuring integrated control,multi-body dynamic optimization,the collaborative sawing network framework,the distributed cloud sawing platform,and the self-adapting service method are analyzed;with consideration of the problems of poor processing control stableness,low single machine intelligence level,no on-line processing data service and active flutter suppression of sawing with wide-width and heavy-load working conditions.Suggested directions for further research,industry implementation,and industry-research collaboration are provided.

Research on the effects of command-and-control and market-oriented policy tools on China's energy conservation and emissions reduction innovation

The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.

An in situ monitoring method for PECVD process equipment condition

A key to successful consistent plasma processing is maintaining a consistent process chamber condition over a certain production period.To alleviate the concern,in situ process monitoring sensors are employed to investigate the plasma chamber conditions of both the deposition step with direct plasma and the cleaning step with a remote plasma system.In situ sensors are optical emission spectroscopy (OES),optical plasma monitoring sensors (OPMS),voltage current probes (Ⅵ-probes),and self-plasma OES (SP-OES).During the deposition,we perform the monitoring of a plasma condition associated with the applied RF power via OES,OPMS,and a Ⅵ-probe.In the chamber cleaning step using a remote plasma system does not allow plasma monitoring through the sidewall because the plasma is not formed in the process chamber,thus we employed SP-OES to monitor the by-product gas chemistry during the chamber cleaning process step.Successful monitoring results with some useful applications,such as arc detection,part failure detection,and cleaning process chemistry analysis,are presented in this paper.The use of in situ sensors with proper combination can help to understand the plasma process better,to achieve more precise control of plasma processing.

Experimental Study of a Modified Command Governor Adaptive Controller for Depth Control of an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle

Command governor–based adaptive control(CGAC)is a recent control strategy that has been explored as a possible candidate for the challenging task of precise maneuvering of unmanned underwater vehicles(UUVs)with parameter variations.CGAC is derived from standard model reference adaptive control(MRAC)by adding a command governor that guarantees acceptable transient performance without compromising stability and a command filter that improves the robustness against noise and time delay.Although simulation and experimental studies have shown substantial overall performance improvements of CGAC over MRAC for UUVs,it has also shown that the command filter leads to a marked reduction in initial tracking performance of CGAC.As a solution,this paper proposes the replacement of the command filter by a weight filter to improve the initial tracking performance without compromising robustness and the addition of a closed-loop state predictor to further improve the overall tracking performance.The new modified CGAC(M-CGAC)has been experimentally validated and the results indicate that it successfully mitigates the initial tracking performance reduction,significantly improves the overall tracking performance,uses less control force,and increases the robustness to noise and time delay.Thus,M-CGAC is a viable adaptive control algorithm for current and future UUV applications.

Study on rate ripple and its adaptive suppression method in inertia guidance test equipment

This paper discusses causes of the rate ripple in inertia guidance test equipment IGET, systematically analyses their effects an the rate ripple in IGTE. The analysis result shows： The rate ripple caused by the periodic errors of inductosyn and angular encoder is higher at high speed than that caused by magnetic ripple torque and friction torque, and it cannot be eliminated by adjusting control parameters of the system. And based on the nonlinear adaptive control system theory, the paper puts forward a new control system scheme to eliminate the rate ripple caused by the periodic errors of inductosyn and angular encoder, develops the adaptive control rules and makes simulation and test. Experimental result shows a significant improvement on those tables for the period disturbs under the system scheme designed. By this plan, with the input of rate 200°/s, the rate ripple falls from 5°/s to 0. 4°/s within about 6s adaptive adjustment time, being a twelfth of before adaptation, which can not be reached by common classical controls. The experimental results conform with the simulation, which proves the validity and practicability of the plan.

Study on Driving Force by Coupling Constraints in NC Equipments Grid

The burgeoning grid technology provides a practical possibility to share Numerical Control （NC） equipment under a Web environment via many-w-many mode which is faced with the difficulty of a driving force for grid workflow. This paper proposes the novel methodology of coupling constraints to overcome this difficulty. First, the complex constraints and the structure attributes of NC tasks are detailed in the NC equipment grid that illustrates the possibility of forming a grid workflow force by coupling constraints. Second, the principle of driving force by coupling constraints in an NC equipment grid and the relative algorithm are proposed. Finally, the case study of comparative experiment is detailed to demonstrate the efficiency of this novel tactic.