基于Command and Control通信信道流量属性聚类的僵尸网络检测方法

僵尸网络(Botnet)是一种从传统恶意代码形态进化而来的新型攻击方式,为攻击者提供了隐匿、灵活且高效的一对多命令与控制信道(Command and Control channel,C&C)机制,可以控制大量僵尸主机实现信息窃取、分布式拒绝服务攻击和垃圾邮件发送等攻击目的。该文提出一种与僵尸网络结构和C&C协议无关,不需要分析数据包的特征负载的僵尸网络检测方法。该方法首先使用预过滤规则对捕获的流量进行过滤,去掉与僵尸网络无关的流量;其次对过滤后的流量属性进行统计;接着使用基于X-means聚类的两步聚类算法对C&C信道的流量属性进行分析与聚类,从而达到对僵尸网络检测的目的。实验证明,该方法高效准确地把僵尸网络流量与其他正常网络流量区分,达到从实际网络中检测僵尸网络的要求,并且具有较低的误判率。

一种具有自校准、自控制功能的I^(2)C接口电路

文章提出一种在开漏模式下通过硬件自检测、自校准实现高性能I^(2)C(inter-integrated circuit)接口的设计,并给出一种I^(2)C接口自控制实现开漏功能的方法。在传统I^(2)C接口电路的基础上,增加了自检测拉低时钟总线并进行自校准的功能,使得在开漏模式下,硬件能够自动检测到时钟总线在上拉过程中的低电平并进行自校准高电平,在改善通信稳定性的基础上实现了性能提升。考虑到不同的应用场合,增加了开漏使能控制电路,为提高IP的可移植性,I^(2)C接口可自控制开漏功能,支持软件配置,灵活地应用于各种通用输入输出(general-purpose input/output,GPIO)模型中。成品开发板电路测试表明,在系统时钟为120 MHz时,该电路在开漏模式下高速通信中的位速率高达5.98 Mbit/s,在推挽模式下超快速通信中的位速率高达30.00 Mbit/s。

Influence of education training in patients with type 2 diabetes in the improvement of lifestyle and biochemical characteristics: a randomized controlled trial

Objective: The objective of this randomized controlled trial study was to evaluate the education training in relation to lifestyle improvement in patients with type 2 diabetes through its influence in the levels of glycated hemoglobin(HbA1 c), blood pressure, triglyceride, cholesterol levels, and body mass index(BMI).Methods: The study included patients with type 2 diabetes randomly selected from 20 residential areas in Tirana, Albania where family physicians provide services. The sample size in total was 200 patients in both groups(control and intervention). The education training(four sessions) was conducted by trained nursing staff for 6 months. Patients were screened for the biochemical profile before and after the intervention. To compare the groups with respect to the interest outcomes, the t-test was used. The value of P < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: There were 104 male patients and 96 female patients. The mean age was 54.9 ± 8.7. No significant differences were found between the study groups in relation to clinical and biochemical data before the education sessions. After the intervention, in the intervention group, the mean level of HbA1 c was significantly lower than the value in the control group(6.2% vs 6.8%, P = 0.001) as well as for the mean values of BMI. The mean reduction(more than 15%) in HbA1 c after the intervention was 43% in the intervention group and 2% in the control group(OR = 36.9, P < 0.05). Differences in BMI, HbA1 c, triglycerides, and cholesterol were more significantly visible in the intervention group. However, the difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure values was almost the same(P > 0.05).Conclusions: The results of this study further support that the approach for education of patients with type 2 diabetes on changing lifestyle benefit the patient in controlling diabetes. It is believed that the establishment of diabetes education classes in health centers is an important investment in improving the management of type 2 diabetes.

A framework of force of information influence and application for C4KISR system

The subversive nature of information war lies not only in the information itself, but also in the circulation and application of information. It has always been a challenge to quantitatively analyze the function and effect of information flow through command, control, communications, computer, kill, intelligence,surveillance, reconnaissance (C4KISR) system. In this work, we propose a framework of force of information influence and the methods for calculating the force of information influence between C4KISR nodes of sensing, intelligence processing,decision making and fire attack. Specifically, the basic concept of force of information influence between nodes in C4KISR system is formally proposed and its mathematical definition is provided. Then, based on the information entropy theory, the model of force of information influence between C4KISR system nodes is constructed. Finally, the simulation experiments have been performed under an air defense and attack scenario. The experimental results show that, with the proposed force of information influence framework, we can effectively evaluate the contribution of information circulation through different C4KISR system nodes to the corresponding tasks. Our framework of force of information influence can also serve as an effective tool for the design and dynamic reconfiguration of C4KISR system architecture.

Randomized controlled trial of consensus interferon with or without zinc for chronic hepatitis C patients with genotype 2

AIM： The beneficial effect of zinc supplementation on the efficacy of interferon as a treatment for chronic hepatitis C had been demonstrated in hepatitis virus genotype lb of high viral load. This study focused on patients with genotype 2, which is more sensitive to interferon than genotype lb, and used consensus interferon （CIFN） with or without zinc. METHODS： We randomized 83 patients with chronic hepatitis C to CIFN at 18 MIU six times/wk for 4 wk, followed by CIFN at 18 MIU six times/wk for another 20 wk, in combination with polaprezinc 300 mg （regimen A, n = 41） or as monotherapy （regimen B, n = 42）. Thirtyone patients in regimen A and 33 patients in regimen B completed the clinical trial; the remaining patients withdrew because of side effects or a transfer to another hospital. RESULTS： Sustained biochemical response, defined as a normal aminotransferase level at the end of the 6-too post-treatment observation, was 68% and 69%, and sustained virological response, defined as undetectable HCV-RNA at the end of the 6-too post-treatment observation, was 54% and 67% for regimens A and B, respectively. CONCLUSION： CIFN treatment combined with zinc did not enhance the effect of CIFN as shown by biochemical, virological criteria. No side effects related to polaprezinc were noted.

Dynamical Behavior of V^2C Control Boost Converter

A discrete iterative map model of V^2C control boost converter was established to study the dynamical behaviors of the converter. By using parameter space map and bifurcation diagram, the effects of circuit parameters on the bifurcation behaviors of V^2C control and current-mode control boost converters were analyzed. The phase portraits and time-domain waveforms of the V^2C control boost converter were obtained by Runge-Kutta algorithm through piecewise smooth switching model. The research results indicate that V^2C control boost converters can evolve into periodic and chaotic behaviors, and show weaker nonlinear behaviors than current-mode control boost converters.

带形状参数的C^2四次样条曲线

提出一类C2连续的带有形状参数的四次样条曲线,曲线上的所有曲线段的控制顶点由给定多边形的顶点直接计算产生。通过改变局部形状参数的取值,可以调整曲线接近其控制多边形的程度。所得结论具有明确的几何意义,有效增强了控制及表达曲线形状的能力。最后实例表明,利用该方法进行曲线设计是有效的。

一类可控制形状的C^2连续三次参数样条曲线

本文取曲线段极值点的参数值和极大值作为控制曲线形状的参数,构造出一类可控制形状的C^2连续插值三次参数样条曲线,同时还给出了使插值曲线保凸或保形的充分条件。

彩色电视接收机中的I2C总线

介绍了彩色电视接收机中I2C总线的基本工作原理及应用,提出一种检修彩色电视接收机中I2C总线控制电路的方法。

C_(2～4)烯烃选择加氢精制催化剂进展

Ｐｄ基双金属催化剂在Ｃ２～４烯烃的选择加氢催化剂中形成了一个优势系列，可视为该领域的第三代催化剂。介绍了Ｃ２～４烯烃选择加氢精制催化剂的开发历史、工业应用现状和研究方向，并着重于第三代Ｐｄ基双金属催化剂的研制概况。

Distributed tasks-platforms scheduling method to holonic-C2 organization

To solve the problem of distributed tasks-platforms scheduling in holonic command and control(C2) organization,the basic elements of the organization are analyzed firstly and the formal description of organizational elements and structure is provided. Based on the improvement of task execution quality,a single task resource scheduling model is established and the solving method based on the m-best algorithm is proposed. For the problem of tactical decision-holon cannot handle tasks with low priority effectively, a distributed resource scheduling collaboration mechanism based on platform pricing and a platform exchange mechanism based on resource capacities are designed. Finally,a series of experiments are designed to prove the effectiveness of these methods. The results show that the proposed distributed scheduling methods can realize the effective balance of platform resources.

面向NCW的C^2参考模型研究

对C2系统仿真及评价而言,在网络中心战背景下构建一个良好的参考模型是目前C2领域研究中的瓶颈问题。以过程模型及MOM框架为核心构建了面向复杂网络的C2系统概念性模型框架。在构筑抽象的C2过程模型框架基础上,借鉴认知决策(RPD)模型的概念,从感知分析及参数估计、态势评估、模式匹配、行为确定四个方面对C2过程模型进行了形式化描述,同时从个体信息能力度量、个体态势感知能力度量、个体决策能力度量、个体指挥引导能力度量、信息共享能力度量、态势共享能力度量、协同决策能力度量、作战意图共享能力度量、作战意图同步能力度量9个方面对C2M OM框架进行了分析。

Interleukin-6-174G/C polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus

BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C(CHC)is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Although the pathogenesis remains to be elucidated,a growing evidence has suggested a role of pro-inflammatory immune response.Increased serum concentrations of Interleukin 6(IL-6)have been associated with insulin resistance,type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as advanced forms of liver disease in chronic hepatitis C infection.AIM To investigate the frequency of IL-6-174G/C(rs1800795)single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)in CHC patients and in healthy subjects of the same ethnicity.Associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus(dependent variable)and demographic,clinical,nutritional,virological and,IL-6 genotyping data were also investigated in CHC patients.METHODS Two hundred and forty-five patients with CHC and 179 healthy control subjects(blood donors)were prospectively included.Type 2 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association.Clinical,biochemical,histological and radiological methods were used for the diagnosis of the liver disease.IL-6 polymorphism was evaluated by Taqman SNP genotyping assay.The data were analysed by logistic regression models.RESULTS Type 2 diabetes mellitus,blood hypertension and liver cirrhosis were observed in 20.8%(51/245),40.0%(98/245)and 38.4%(94/245)of the patients,respectively.The frequency of the studied IL-6 SNP did not differ between the CHC patients and controls(P=0.81)and all alleles were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P=0.38).In the multivariate analysis,type 2 diabetes mellitus was inversely associated with GC and CC genotypes of IL-6-174(OR=0.42;95%CI=0.22-0.78;P=0.006)and positively associated with blood hypertension(OR=5.56;95%CI=2.79-11.09;P<0.001).CONCLUSION This study was the first to show that GC and CC genotypes of IL-6-174 SNP are associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus.The identification of potential inflammatory mediators involved in the crosstalk between hepatitis C virus and the axis pancreas-liver remains important issues that deserve further investigations.

Add-on therapy of herbal formulation rich in standardized fenugreek seed extract in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with insulin therapy: An efficacy and safety study

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of herbal formulation rich in standardized fenugreek seed extract(IND-2) add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients who were on insulin treatment in prospective, single arm, open-label, uncontrolled, multicentre trial.Methods: T2DM patients(n=30) with aged 18-80 years who were stabilized on insulin treatment with fasting blood sugar(FBS) level between 100-140 mg/dL received IND-2 capsules(700 mg, thrice a day) for 16 weeks.The primary endpoints were an assessment of FBS at week 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 16.Secondary end-points include post-prandial blood sugar level, glycosylated Hb(HbA1c), reduction in the dose of insulin and number of hypoglycemic attacks, and improvement in lipid profile at various weeks.Safety and adverse events(AEs) were also assessed during the study.Results: Study was completed in twenty T2DM patients, and there was no significant reduction in FBS and post-prandial blood sugar level after addon therapy of IND-2.However, add-on therapy of IND-2 significantly reduced(P<0.01) the HbA1c values, requirements of insulin and hypoglycemic events as compared with baseline.Total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteincholesterol levels were significantly increased(P<0.01) after IND-2 add-on therapy.Body weight and safety outcomes did not differ significantly in IND-2 add-on therapy group at week 16.Additionally, add-on therapy of IND-2 did not produce any serious adverse events.Conclusions: The results of present investigation suggest that add-on therapy of IND-2 with insulin in T2DM patients improves glycaemic control through a decrease in levels of HbA1c and number of insulin doses needed per day without an increase in body weight and risk of hypoglycemia.Thus, IND-2 may provide a safe and well-tolerated add-on therapy option for the management of T2DM.

多维度健康心理控制源C版量表的汉化及信效度检验

目的汉化多维度健康心理控制源C版(form C of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control,MHLC-C)量表,并检验中文版MHLC-C量表的信度和效度。方法获得量表开发者授权后,依照Brislin量表翻译原则对MHLC-C量表进行正译、回译,经过2轮专家函询及预调查后完成文化调试;采用便利抽样法,于2022年7月—10月对洛阳市某三级甲等医院内分泌科住院的2型糖尿病患者共321例进行调查,检验中文版MHLC-C量表的信效度,并从中便利抽取30例患者,于其初次接受调查2周后,再次对其进行调查,以评价重测信度。结果中文版MHLC-C量表共包含4个分量表、18个条目;条目水平的内容效度指数为0.780~1.000,量表水平的平均内容效度指数为0.960。探索性因子分析提取4个公因子,将其分别命名为内部控制、机遇控制、医生和其他人,4个公因子累计解释总方差的73.079%;验证性因子分析结果支持四因子模型假设,各项拟合指标可接受[χ2/df=1.560,渐进残差均方和平方根(RMSEA)=0.052,比较适配指数(CFI)=0.945,拟合优度指数(GFI)=0.901,调整后适配度指数(AGFI)=0.876,规范拟合指数(NFI)=0.862,递增拟合指数(IFI)=0.946,非规范拟合指数(TLI)=0.938]。量表总Cronbach’sα系数为0.825,重测信度系数为0.940。结论中文版MHLC-C量表具有良好的信效度,可作为评估2型糖尿病患者健康心理控制源的工具。

基于DoDAF的C^2BMC系统体系结构建模

指挥控制、交战管理与通信(C^2BMC)系统是美国弹道导弹防御体系(BMDS)的核心组成部分,又称BMDS的中枢神经和效能倍增器。从体系结构角度对C^2BMC装备和作战需求进行了概念建模,梳理了C^2BMC系统与传感器及武器系统的集成关系、信息流关系以及指挥控制关系。基于美国国防部体系结构框架(DoDAF),建立了C^2BMC系统的作战视图和系统视图,实现了对C^2BMC系统作战需求的规范化和系统化描述,确保了理解一致性,从而为C^2BMC系统仿真建模提供可靠的概念模型支持。

C^2光滑插值曲面片

本文给出一种构造C^2光滑参数三角曲面片的方法,所生成的三角曲面片插值空间R^3中的三个已知点,并以这些点处的已知法向量为三角曲面片在相应点处切平面的法向量。在本文给出的方法中,需要的所有Bezier点均可通过简单的代数显式公式求出,并且Bezier点的个数被减少,为在微机上产生复杂插值曲面打下了较好的基础。

基于嵌入式操作系统VxWorks的I^2C总线驱动设计

针对目前嵌入式操作系统VxWorks缺乏I2 C设备驱动具体实现的问题,提出了基于VxWorks的I2 C驱动程序的完整设计。利用I2 C协议以及VxWorks下设备驱动机制,通过采用VxWorks内核I/O子系统的层次划分方式,设计了I2 C主控制器驱动实现方法。最后,以RTC芯片RX8025为例,详细说明了I2 C设备驱动的设计流程,实现了基于VxWorks的I2 C驱动程序的完整设计。

C肽与2型糖尿病患者血糖控制、并发症及代谢性指标的关系

目的分析探讨2型糖尿病患者C肽水平与血糖控制、并发症的发生及代谢性指标的关系,为临床治疗提供依据。方法分析178例2型糖尿病患者的临床资料,根据患者空腹C肽水平分为正常C肽组和低C肽组,分析血糖控制情况、并发症或合并症、代谢性指标及相关因素。结果低C肽组的病程、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)高于正常C肽组,而体重指数(BMI)、甘油三酯(TG)明显低于正常C肽组(P<0.05)。正常C肽组糖尿病视网膜病变的发生率低于低C肽组,而脂肪肝的发生率明显高于低C肽组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,C肽与病程、HDL-C、HbA1c、糖尿病神经病变呈负相关;与BMI、TG、尿酸、冠心病、脂肪肝呈正相关。结论 C肽在2型糖尿病患者血糖控制、并发症或合并症的发生中起了重要的作用,同时与其他代谢综合征的发生有一定的相关性。

C^2连续奇异混合插值曲面

利用奇异混合函数将双三次B样条曲面与虚拟曲面片作混合,构造一类可插值给定数据点的插值曲面,该类曲面在边界处可达到C^2连续,参数α可对曲面片整体形状进行调控。进一步,构造了可局部调控形状的带形状参数的插值曲面。