Research on Multi-Objective Optimization Model of Industrial Microgrid Considering Demand Response Technology and User Satisfaction

In the process of wind power,coal power,and energy storage equipment participating in the operation of industrial microgrids,the stable operation of wind-storage industrial microgrids is guaranteed by considering demand response technology and user satisfaction.This paper firstly sorts out the status quo of microgrid operation optimization,and determines themain requirements for user satisfaction considering three types of load characteristics,demand response technology,power consumption benefit loss,user balance power purchase price and wind power consumption evaluation indicators in the system.Secondly,the operation architecture of the windstorage industrialmicrogrid is designed,and themulti-objective optimizationmodel of the wind-storage industrial microgrid is established with the comprehensive operating cost and user satisfaction as the target variables,and the corresponding solution method is mentioned.Finally,a typical wind-storage industrial microgrid is selected for simulation analysis,and the results showthat,(1)Considering the demand response technology,the comprehensive operating cost of the wind-storage industrial microgrid per day is 5292.63 yuan,the user satisfaction index is 0.953,and the wind power consumption rate reaches 100%.(2)By setting four scenarios,it highlights that the grid-connected operation mode is superior to the off-grid operation mode.Considering the demand response technology,the load curve can be optimized,and the time-of-use electricity price can be fully used to coordinate the operation of each unit,which enhances the wind power consumption capacity.The compromise solution of the system comprehensive operating cost and user satisfaction under the confidence level of 0.95 is obtained,namely(5343.22,0.94).(3)The frontier curve shows that in the process of model solving,it is impossible to optimize any sub-objective by changing the control variables,which proves that there is a close relationship between the comprehensive operating cost of the system and the confidence level,which can provide effective guidance for the optimal operation of industrial microgrids.

Fighting the Ignorance: Public Authorities’ and Land Users’ Responses to Land Subsidence in Indonesia

Land subsidence can have a considerable impact on the socio-economic viability of areas. In urban areas, land subsidence tends to damage buildings and infrastructures gradually, while in rural peat land it slowly destroys vegetation. The damages will worsen since climate change has further implications for the areas affected by land subsidence. In Indonesia, the response to land subsidence varies in different areas in terms of awareness, urgency and action on the part of both public authorities and land users. This paper systematically investigates these varied responses in urban and rural peat land areas. Interviews with experts and surveys of 330 land users in selected sub-districts were conducted and further supplemented by focus group discussions. We found that both the public authorities as well as the land users’ responses were considered as of limited value to contest land subsidence. We suggest that the endorsement of land users’ response into governmental policies would make a significant difference in improving land subsidence management.

Commercial Building Containing Generation Sources: A Technical and Economic Assessment and Its Potential to Participate in Demand Response Programs

The interest on studying the impact of demand response is growing, especially on residential and commercial buildings which are responsible for a considerable consumption of energy worldwide. Also, it is virtually unquestionable that in most of these buildings there is a waste of energy, mainly electrical and thermal energy. In this context, the establishment of intelligent networks in these buildings, as well as the use of small or even medium-sized renewable sources of power can significantly contribute to the reduction and preservation of power. In this article, the results of the simulations carried out in a specific simulation program to evaluate the benefits brought by the installation of some local sources of power on a commercial building are presented. It is evaluated the impact on some of the economic variables linked to that system as well as compared its greenhouse gas emissions for the conditions with and without the presence of the local generation. It will also evaluate the building’s response towards the utility requirements, mainly the possibility to reduce or partially compensate the energy consumed, commonly referred to as Demand Response.

Electricity-Carbon Interactive Optimal Dispatch of Multi-Virtual Power Plant Considering Integrated Demand Response

As new power systems and dual carbon policies develop,virtual power plant cluster(VPPC)provides another reliable way to promote the efficient utilization of energy and solve environmental pollution problems.To solve the coordinated optimal operation and low-carbon economic operation problem in multi-virtual power plant,a multi-virtual power plant(VPP)electricity-carbon interaction optimal scheduling model considering integrated demand response(IDR)is proposed.Firstly,a multi-VPP electricity-carbon interaction framework is established.The interaction of electric energy and carbon quotas can realize energy complementarity,reduce energy waste and promote low-carbon operation.Secondly,in order to coordinate the multiple types of energy and load in VPPC to further achieve low-carbon operation,the IDR mechanism based on the user comprehensive satisfaction(UCS)of electricity,heat as well as hydrogen is designed,which can effectively maintain the UCS in the cluster within a relatively high range.Finally,the unit output scheme is formulated to minimize the total cost of VPPC and the model is solved using theCPLEX solver.The simulation results showthat the proposed method effectively promotes the coordinated operation among multi-VPP,increases the consumption rate of renewable energy sources and the economics of VPPC and reduces carbon emissions.

Organizational Data Breach:Building Conscious Care Behavior in Incident Response

Organizational and end user data breaches are highly implicated by the role of information security conscious care behavior in respective incident responses.This research study draws upon the literature in the areas of information security,incident response,theory of planned behaviour,and protection motivation theory to expand and empirically validate a modified framework of information security conscious care behaviour formation.The applicability of the theoretical framework is shown through a case study labelled as a cyber-attack of unprecedented scale and sophistication in Singapore’s history to-date,the 2018 SingHealth data breach.The single in-depth case study observed information security awareness,policy,experience,attitude,subjective norms,perceived behavioral control,threat appraisal and self-efficacy as emerging prominently in the framework’s applicability in incident handling.The data analysis did not support threat severity relationship with conscious care behaviour.The findings from the above-mentioned observations are presented as possible key drivers in the shaping information security conscious care behaviour in real-world cyber incident management.

商业机构用户画像应用的政府治理责任研究

商业机构的用户画像目前在人工智能系统、智能预测、场景识别等方面得到广泛应用,其“监控式”信息汇集方式带来的个人信息侵权风险、算法决策带来的过滤泡效应与差别对待风险,对政府的用户画像治理形成新挑战。我国已初步形成用户画像发展与治理的政策体系,相应法律框架也逐渐成型。在国际上,用户画像治理的政府责任包括个人信息治理和智能算法治理两种不同的模式,政府的用户画像治理责任应当在宪法的国家保护义务框架下,实现发展促进与风险预防的价值协调。我国应通过顶层设计对治理模式进行延伸迭代,推进个人信息治理与智能算法治理的协同,并且将预警原则和国家担保责任原则作为治理责任的分配原则。

市场环境下需求响应行为特性及模型研究综述

研究市场环境下需求响应(DR)行为,挖掘需求侧灵活资源参与市场的真实动因和特点,有利于促进负荷侧灵活资源参与电网运行,修正和优化电力市场机制,增强新型电力系统的灵活调节能力。首先,针对市场环境下DR行为特性及模型研究进行回顾和综述,分别从欧美成熟电力市场和中国电力市场建设两个角度梳理了DR资源参与的多样化市场环境;其次,从偏好多样性、效用趋优性、行为关联性、行为博弈性、价格弹性和响应不确定性6个方面分析市场环境下需求侧灵活资源的响应行为特性;然后,结合行为经济学原理,构建了DR行为的通用数学模型,从响应机理和数据驱动两个角度梳理适应不同行为特征的市场响应行为建模方法,并进行适应性分析;最后,从社交影响、信息不充分、用户有限理性、多市场最优决策、综合DR等角度展望了后续研究方向。

平台型企业的社会责任治理能提升用户响应吗?——基于短视频平台的调查研究

随着平台经济的崛起,平台型企业已成为社会经济发展的主力军,平台型企业的社会责任治理备受瞩目。基于SOR模型构建了平台型企业社会责任治理、用户内部心理响应与用户外部行为响应之间的理论模型,以短视频平台为研究对象,采用问卷调查法收集数据进行实证检验。研究发现:无论是对用户内部心理响应(满意度和认同度),还是对用户外部行为响应(持续使用意愿和社会责任参与意愿),贡献责任治理、合理责任治理和底线责任治理呈现出了由强到弱的正向影响程度,体现了3种责任的内涵和本质差异。并且,3种责任治理对认同度的影响均强于对满意度的影响,认同度对外部行为响应的影响也强于满意度对其的影响,揭示出反映长期心理承诺的认同度,相比反映短期心理认知的满意度,是更为关键的内部心理响应变量。另外,用户粘性能正向调节合理责任治理、贡献责任治理和社会责任参与意愿之间的关系。

考虑需求响应及不确定性的综合能源优化调度

如何在区域综合能源系统中建立有效的需求侧模型,对于需求响应政策的实施至关重要。为提高用户参与需求响应积极性,引入实时定价机制,同时考虑系统的经济低碳性和电气热用户的用能满意度,构建兼顾系统和用户利益的综合需求响应主从博弈模型。针对用户参与需求响应的不确定性,引入贝叶斯方法更新负荷曲线。算例分析表明,所提博弈模型及贝叶斯方法能够有效平衡系统和用户之间的利益,提高了综合需求响应的可靠性。

多类型灵活资源的建模与分层式协调控制架构

电力需求侧可控的负荷、发电和储能资源统称为灵活资源,这些资源对智能电网的优化运行和消纳新能源发电具有重要作用。首先提出了一种通用灵活资源模型,该模型能够统一描述需求侧居民、商业、工业多类型灵活资源的特性,并能同时描述大规模灵活资源的集总用电需求。基于所提的通用灵活资源模型,构建了一种包含日前和实时阶段大规模多类型需求侧灵活资源的分层协调控制架构,该构架考虑了垂直调度和电力市场条件下电力系统的运行机制,在2种运行机制下都能够有效地利用多类型灵活资源的可调节能力提升电网整体的运行效率。将所提灵活资源模型嵌入到IEEE 30节点系统的机组组合问题中进行仿真,验证了所提分层式协调控制架构的有效性。

在线风暴情境下多元参与主体对用户生成内容的影响

基于微博企业危机事件话题下的用户发帖数据,探究在线风暴中多元参与主体对负面用户生成内容(UGC)的影响。运用回归模型与灰色关联分析法研究发现,在由企业危机事件引发的在线风暴中,中心企业回应前公众意见中负向帖子的比例与普通用户的负向UGC比例呈显著正相关。中心企业回应发帖的情感效价越正向,普通用户的负向UGC比例越低,而中心企业回应发帖的数量与其没有显著相关性。中心企业回应后,意见领袖和在线新闻媒体的负面发帖比例与普通用户的负向UGC比例呈显著正相关,政府机关的负面发帖比例与普通用户的负向UGC比例呈显著负相关。此外,各参与主体对普通用户负面发帖的影响程度从强到弱分别为意见领袖、公众意见、在线新闻媒体和政府机关。

考虑分时电价下需求响应的用户侧储能优化配置

针对用户侧储能在投资与运行方面经济性不足的问题,提出一种考虑分时电价下需求响应的用户侧储能规划与运行两阶段优化策略.第一阶段通过建立分时电价优化模型,采用粒子群(PSO)和序列二次规划(SQP)混合算法求解得出分时电价策略,第二阶段基于第一阶段得出的分时电价策略建立考虑两个时间尺度的储能双层优化模型,上层模型以最大化全寿命周期净收益为目标优化长时间尺度的储能配置,下层模型以最大化日运行收益为目标优化短时间尺度的储能运行,结合混合整数线性规划方法和KKT条件,调用CPLEX求解器进行求解,通过两阶段的联合优化,实现用户侧储能配置和运行收益综合最优.最后,结合实例进行仿真,结果表明所提方法可以有效提高用户侧储能系统的经济性.

商事登记制度改革的信用困境与解决对策

商事登记制度改革是一场“信用革命”,构建起以自我诚信为基础、公权信用担保为辅助的信用治理结构,基本建立了商事登记信用合规体系。但商事登记制度改革面临信用困境,主要表现为商事登记申请人信用意识淡薄、信用激励羸弱、信用责任制度不健全。要解决这些问题,应当强化商事登记申请人的诚信意识培育、完善信用激励机制、健全信用责任体系。

基于区块链的负荷聚合商及居民用户多方共治交易模式

居民用户以负荷聚合商为中介参与需求响应,在交易中往往不具有话语权和选择权,由此产生信息不透明、第三方权力过大等信任问题;同时,居民用户因信息获取能力差以及负荷实时控制能力弱,难以在聚合响应中享受平等决策权、知情权和话语权。因此,基于区块链技术设计负荷聚合商及居民用户多方共治交易模式,针对包含3类柔性负荷的居民用户及聚合商的区块链节点,以自治共享为基本原则建立区块链节点模型和配置方法;基于负荷聚合商及居民用户节点间的聚合响应新模式,构建了基于聚合商非合作博弈、居民用户间演化博弈及聚合商与居民用户间主从博弈的激励机制,设计了激励相容的智能合约算法和区块数据结构,并提出响应标识因数和激励理性系数来评估所提交易模式的有效性;最后,经算例仿真验证表明,所提交易模式在保证各交易节点效用的基础上,可确保聚合服务高效可信,有利于唤醒海量需求侧沉睡资源。

考虑阶梯碳奖惩和综合需求响应的楼宇低碳规划

近年来,商业综合体的发展趋势迅猛,楼宇建筑的能源消耗以及碳排放持续增长.在此背景下,对包含购物、餐饮、办公和住宿等多种功能的商业综合体楼宇低碳规划进行研究,建立楼宇低碳规划模型,同时考虑引入上级电网购电分时碳计量模型的阶梯碳奖惩和考虑楼宇各功能区域差异化预测平均指标(PMV)的综合需求响应(IDR).首先,引入上级网络购电分时碳计量模型,利用其评估楼宇等效碳排放,并构建阶梯碳奖惩模型衡量楼宇碳排放.同时,根据所规划商业综合体的特点构建考虑负荷时间转移和用能削减、终端用能设备替代及上级能源端用能种类转换的IDR.其次,以计及楼宇碳奖惩费用的楼宇年总规划成本最优为目标函数,考虑楼宇各功能区域差异化PMV,建立楼宇低碳规划模型来决策楼宇中各能源设备的型号及台数.然后,利用基于Kullback-Leibler散度的分布鲁棒优化方法应对接入的屋顶分布式光伏及光伏幕墙出力波动性.最后,通过算例分析引入上级电网购电分时碳计量模型的阶梯碳奖惩、考虑楼宇各功能区域差异化PMV的IDR及接入光伏出力波动性对楼宇规划的影响,验证所提规划模型可以有效减少楼宇能耗以及降低碳排放.

基于标幺化三阈值事件检测与LDA分类器的工商业负荷辨识方法

非侵入式负荷辨识技术能够低成本的获取用户各类设备使用情况,实现电力负荷的在线监测与分析,对支撑负荷预测、需求响应等应用开展有着重要意义。针对一般工商业用户类型多样、负荷种类繁多、设备运行特性复杂的特点,提出了一种基于标幺化三阈值事件检测与LDA分类器的工商业负荷辨识方案。首先针对不同能耗级别、不同启停特性的设备设计了参数可调的统一负荷事件检测框架,提升了缓变型、分段型、震荡型负荷事件的检出准确度。随后提出了基于多元特征与LDA线性判别的设备类型判断算法,在兼顾边缘端计算效率的同时取得了与随机森林等非线性分类器相同的辨识性能。

基于负荷台阶的工业需求响应用户优选方法

在未来高比例新能源渗透下,供需平衡不确定性逐步增加,需求响应是通过挖掘用户侧灵活性资源保障系统电力电量平衡的重要手段。在电力部门进行需求响应工作时,需要使用历史数据来初步评估负荷响应潜力,以便选择潜力高的用户并展开动员工作。面向表征工业用户用能特点的负荷台阶,对其进行了定义并给出了数学表达,进而提出了基于负荷台阶的工业需求响应用户优选方法。首先,构建了基于负荷台阶的工业用户多时间尺度需求响应潜力指标体系;然后,构建了需求响应用户优选模型,实现对不同用户响应潜力的初评估,并利用k-means算法和近邻传播算法进行群体划分,在不同时间尺度对用户进行优选;最后,基于水泥、造纸等4个行业的多个工业用户实际负荷数据进行算例分析,呈现了所提方法下工业需求响应的用户优选结果。

计及低碳经济运行的含风电微网群源储协同日前优化调度

海陆风电的大规模开发并网给电网的稳定带来挑战,微电网是解决分布式发电系统优化运行问题的有效途径。综合考虑微电网群的系统运行经济性和碳排放环境效益,提出了基于分布式共享储能的交互型微网群低碳日前调度模型。首先考虑风电的不确定性,基于传统实时电价提出跟随微网净负荷的定价策略;随后根据微网群用户的负荷特点定义了价格型和激励型需求响应用户满意度;然后通过生命周期评价方法划分系统运行环节的碳排放链,引入阶梯碳交易机制构建碳排放成本模型;最后基于微网群的交互运行,利用分布式储能资源进行日前优化调度。仿真算例表明:对比独立型微网群,所提出的交互型调度模型消除了原有的弃风情况,碳排放量减少32.14 t、系统运行总成本缩减15.05%。

核电主蒸汽阀站中电磁先导阀的动态响应仿真研究

针对核电主蒸汽阀站中关键部件之一——大气释放阀前置隔离阀在实际工况中常出现响应超时的问题,采用数值仿真软件Fluent中的动网格以及用户自定义函数技术,对控制其启闭过程的电磁先导阀动态响应过程进行了研究。首先,研究了电磁先导阀中先导结构的动态响应过程以及阀杆的受力情况;然后,研究了电磁先导阀中主阀的动态响应过程以及主阀泄压时阀内的压力和速度分布情况;最后,综合两个动态过程,分析了电磁先导阀整阀的运动时间。研究结果表明,电磁先导阀的运动时间为8.5 ms,其中先导结构的运动时间占比较小,85%的时间集中在电磁先导阀主阀动作过程。该研究结果可对前置隔离阀响应时间的优化提供参考。

基于CPSS视角的需求响应能力评估综述

对信息—物理—社会系统与需求响应评估的结合进行综述。首先对信息物理系统的历史和框架进行分析。接着总结了现有的需求响应研究现状,包括需求响应潜力评估的意义、分类和评估方法。对于需求响应能力评估的数据来源进行总结,包括问卷调查和运行数据采集。在信息—物理—社会系统与需求响应结合方面,分别分析需求响应的物理域、信息域和社会域基础,介绍相应的建模方法和研究内容。最后,对未来的研究展望进行讨论,包括市场考核机制、快速仿真与建模技术以及综合能源下的需求响应管理。