Advances in All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Commercialization

Solid-state batteries are commonly acknowledged as the forthcoming evolution in energy storage technologies.Recent development progress for these rechargeable batteries has notably accelerated their trajectory toward achieving commercial feasibility.In particular,all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries(ASSLSBs)that rely on lithium-sulfur reversible redox processes exhibit immense potential as an energy storage system,surpassing conventional lithium-ion batteries.This can be attributed predominantly to their exceptional energy density,extended operational lifespan,and heightened safety attributes.Despite these advantages,the adoption of ASSLSBs in the commercial sector has been sluggish.To expedite research and development in this particular area,this article provides a thorough review of the current state of ASSLSBs.We delve into an in-depth analysis of the rationale behind transitioning to ASSLSBs,explore the fundamental scientific principles involved,and provide a comprehensive evaluation of the main challenges faced by ASSLSBs.We suggest that future research in this field should prioritize plummeting the presence of inactive substances,adopting electrodes with optimum performance,minimizing interfacial resistance,and designing a scalable fabrication approach to facilitate the commercialization of ASSLSBs.

A Review on Determinants Affecting Commercialization of Academic Institution Final Year Projects

Final year project is an important training and assessment component incorporated in many courses of academic institution.The ability to translate ideas,research,and creativity into actual products,services,or businesses shows how successful and impactful people or institutions can be in the wider economy.However,in most of the cases,the outcomes of the final year project usually remain as academic discussion without maximizing their potential to be converted into a commercialized product or services.In this review,theory and applications are discussed to understand how entrepreneurial skills and networking abilities,components of individuals’human capital can impact the commercialisation of final year projects.Furthermore,determinants affecting commercialization of final year projects will also be explored namely:entrepreneurial skills,networking ability,access to resources,institutional support as well as creativity and innovation.

Commercialization of Cow Milk Production in West Hararghe Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

Livestock plays a vital role in the livelihood of many people in Ethiopia. However, a number of challenges hindered the development of the dairy sector along with its commercialization. Advancing commercialization of the rural generations was a foundation of the advancement and poverty reduction policies of Ethiopia. Cross-sectional data from 385 randomly selected households in Eastern Ethiopia were used in this study to assess the commercialization of cow milk producers. Descriptive statistics and the two limit Tobit econometric models were used to analyze the data. The average commercialization index was 0.434, indicating that each household sold 43.4 percent of the milk produced during the survey period. Ownership of improved breed cow, cooperative participation, access to market information, and quantity of milk produce influenced milk commercialization positively, but household size and distance to the nearest market influenced it negatively. The study suggests strengthening policies to improve rural family planning, strengthening farmer cooperatives to reinforce knowledge sharing among farmers for enhancing farmer resource endowment, and promoting improved breed varieties. The commercialization of milk producers will also expand as a result of policies that try to lower the transaction costs of accessing markets, improve the capacity of rural institutions, and encourage value addition and market links among various market players.

Effects of Gender and Other Factors on Agricultural Commercialization in Peri-urban and Rural Cassava Farms of Rivers State, Nigeria

The study was designed to investigate into the level of cassava commercialization, extent of gender effects and other factors on household commercialization index （HCI） of cassava in both rural and peri-urban areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. The study used a stratified random sampling technique to select 50 cassava farmers each from Etche and Ekwerre LGAs of the state （i.e. 100 farmers in all）. A set of structured questionnaire and interview schedule was used to retrieve information from the farmers. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Chow test and truncated regression analysis model based on Maximum Likelihood derived from Censored Normal or TOBIT approach. It was found that significant difference exist in the HC1 of rural farmers （49%） and peri-urban （40%）. The drivers of HCI varied across the areas but on the whole it was noted that gender, farm size, distance to market, labour, farming experience, price of cassava and access to market information signiftcantly influenced the probability of expanding the scale of commercialization of cassava in the area. It was recommended that government and interested bodies should give priority to women in designing and implementing cassava commercialization programmes policies that will improve farmers access to land and also help build on capacities of the farmers to commercialize such as access to extension service, establishment of market information service （MIS）, development of market and transport infrastructure were recommended too.

Promise of commercialization: Carbon materials for low-cost perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells （PVSCs） have attracted extensive studies due to their high power conversion efficiency （PCE） with low-cost in both raw material and processes. However, there remain obstacles that hinder the way to their commer- cialization. Among many drawbacks in PVSCs, we note the problems brought by the use of noble metal counter electrodes （CEs） such as gold and silver. The costly Au and Ag need high energy-consumption thermal evaporation process which can be made only with expensive evaporation equipment under vacuum. All the factors elevate the threshold of PVSCs＇ commercialization. Carbon material, on the other hand, is a readily available electrode candidate for the application as CE in the PVSCs. In this review, endeavors on PVSCs with low-cost carbon materials will be comprehensively discussed based on different device structures and carbon compositions. We believe that the PVSCs with carbon-based CE hold the promise of commercialization of this new technology.

The importance of an indigenous tree to southern African communities with specific relevance to its domestication and commercialization: a case of the marula tree

Local communities in southern Africa derive many benefits from marula [Sclerocarya birrea（A.Rich.） Hochst.subsp.caffra（Sond.） Kokwaro].These include the contribution of this species towards health,nutrition,food security and conservation by sharing local skills and knowledge related to it.Marula fruits can be eaten fresh,squeezed to make juice,brewed in traditional beer or used to make jam and jelly.The kernels are also edible and can be pressed to extract oil for cooking and cosmetics,i.e.,for skin and hair application.The bark,roots,seeds and leaves are exploited for traditional medicinal purposes.Marula has acquired significant commercial value since its fruits and other products have entered local,regional and international trade in southern Africa.To diver-sify fruit production and satisfy the increasing demands for this resource,several domestication initiatives have been carried out at regional and international levels.The accumulated knowledge and skills relevant to the establishment and commercialization of marula therefore provide an effective guide in areas where marula remains undomesticated or underutilized.We discuss the great importance of marula in southern Africa to reveal its great potential to regions where it remains unexploited.

Innovative Development and Commercialization of Technologies： Experience of Technopark ＂Novosibirsk＂

This article is concerned with analyzes of experience of Technopark ＂Novosibirsk＂ as an important part of the innovation infrastructure of the Novosibirsk region. In this article the authors are formulated priorities for the development of an innovative economy： The promotion of investment growth in production infrastructure and innovation, increasing the orientation of research institutions to the needs of the real economy, the development of entrepreneurship in all sectors of the economy and the creation of necessary conditions. The article considers the key elements of innovation infrastructure. Also program ＂Development of high-tech industry and which Technopark ＂Novosibirsk＂ implements the this article is given a brief description of the complex target innovation in the industry to the city of Novosibirsk in 2020＂, in concept of technopark of distributed type, when the Technopark is built in the form of structural and autonomous innovation and technology centers established by the territorial-branch principle in conjunction with partner organizations. The analysis of the stories of success （and failure） of residents of Technopark is described in this article. Based on this analysis, which highlights the main factors contributing to the achievement of commercially meaningful results. These include training as an essential component of the innovation infrastructure. Describes the international educational programs implemented by the Innovative Technology Center ＂Education＂ at the Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management. It is noted that the most important result of the operation of Technopark ＂Novosibirsk＂ was working out a model of public-private partnership that has allowed Technopark flourish, creating a network of specialized centers of innovation and technology. Finally the authors conclude that at the present time in Russia on almost all the basic elements of support for innovative entrepreneurship are created. At the same time a significant part of the difficulties cause problems originating from the external environment of business innovation

ZTE HSPA+ MIMO Solution Ready for Large Scale Commercialization

ZTE Corporation announced that it has completed the Inter-Operability Test (IOT)of its 3GPP R7-basedHSPA+ MIMO solution,conducted in conjunction with mainstream terminal chip platform vendors,in July 2009.

Commercialization Management of National Commodities for Oil and Gas Industry in Iran

This article shows a side segment of efforts toward finding ways to successfully commercialize a high tech product in Iran. During last decades, sanctions against importing petrochemical most used and needed utilities caused difficulties for Iranian petrochemical production chain. Inconveniences provoked Iranian specialists to achieve technical knowledge toward finding new ways of local producing. Attempting（s） had been encompassed to complete the whole chain of production and consumption inside of the country. Concepts implicate that during recent years, Iranian specialists have taken special steps toward localizing needed catalysts as an example of important commodities. Considerable amount of analyses have been made by Iranian petrochemical community probing the problems and obstacles associated with successful producing and what it really takes for a successful commercialization. Thematic analysis has been implicated as the research method to evaluate concepts represented as interviewees＇ analyzed declarations. Themes are analyzed toward mapping a successful merging with parties involved along with focusing on national commercializing streamline. Findings show that the idea of executing venture capital agencies as a new sector in the sequence of Iranian governmental and private petrochemical network has been appraised. Also, evaluating network management between parties involved and ways of policy making by the expert individuals are considered as the foremost factors to converse. Benchmarking feels as a necessary aspect as well to consider in the merging process. It has been concluded vital for Iranian companies to assess their own efficiency with accepted international standards, while on the other hand, they can take benchmark as a coming out opportunity when they commercialize in new intact market cooperating with renowned foreign companies.

An Empirical Study on the Impact of R＆D Investment and Employee Involvement on Innovation Commercialization： Evidence from IT Firms in China

Using a sample of 126 firms in Chinese IT industry, we developed an empirical model which tests the impact of R＆D investment and employee involvement （El） on innovation commercialization. The results showed that the expenditure of R＆D has a positive effect on performance of innovation commercialization, while the number of R＆D staff has trivial impact on that. The results also revealed that E1 has no direct effect on commercialization performance, but plays a moderating role in the effect of R＆D investment on commercialization of innovation. More specifically, the R＆D expenditure of a finn with high involvement system has a less positive impact on the number of new products, but a more positive effect on the profit of new products.

Successful Commercialization of SINOPEC's Aromatics Package Technology

On December 27,2013 the last one of process units–the isomerization unit in the 600 kt/a para-xylene project was put on stream at the Hainan Refining and Chemical Company at the first attempt to deliver massive

Development of Olefin Polymerization Catalysts and Their Commercialization

As one of the most important products in petrochemical industry, polyolefin, including mainly polyethylene, polypropylene and α\|olefin polymers, is also a major raw material for plastics industry. The market demand for polyolefin in 2002 reached 88 Mt, making two thirds of the demand for thermoplastics. The growth rate of demand will be 5%-7 % in the next five years\+\{\\}. Because of its close relation to nations economy and its peoples daily life, the output of polyolefin becomes an important index of the nations industria lization and modernization level.

A SUCCESSFUL PARADIGM IN COMMERCIALIZATION OF HI-TECH ACHIEVEMENTS——Fujian Castech Crystals Inc.and its non-linear crystal products

Non-linear crystal materials BBO and LBO stand for the low-temperature phases of barium metaborate beta-BaB2O4 and lithium triborate LiB3O2. Both are hi-tech products marketed by the Fujian Castech Crystals Inc., a business entity affiliated to the CAS. The successful development of the two was honoured with a special prize, a first-grade prize and a second-grade prize of the CAS Awards for S&T Progress in 1986, 1989 and 1990 respectively. Also, they were crowned with a prize of the

Development Prospect of the Commercialization for Aerospace Services

In recent years, with the rapid growth in demand for commercial launches, space institutions like NASA have been succeeded in the commercialization of aerospace services. According to the latest development trends on international commercial aerospace services and the current development status of domestic commercial aerospace services, suggestions on the development of China's commercial aerospace services based on policies, development modes and technical innovation are given.

The issues on the commercialization of perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells have aroused a worldwide research upsurge in recent years due to their soaring photovoltaic performance,ease of solution processing,and low cost.The power conversion efficiency record is constantly being broken and has recently reached 26.1%in the lab,which is comparable to the established photovoltaic technologies such as crystalline silicon,copper indium gallium selenide and cadmium telluride(CdTe)solar cells.Currently,perovskite solar cells are standing at the entrance of industrialization,where huge opportunities and risks coexist.However,towards commercialization,challenges of up-scaling,stability and lead toxicity still remain,the proper handling of which could potentially lead to the widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells as a low-cost and efficient source of renewable energy.This review gives a holistic analysis of the path towards commercialization for perovskite solar cells.A comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art level for perovskite solar cells and modules will be introduced first,with respect to the module efficiency,stability and current status of industrialization.We will then discuss the challenges that get in the way of commercialization and the corresponding strategies to address them,involving the upscaling,the stability and the lead toxicity issue.Insights into the future direction of commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics was also provided,including the flexible perovskite cells and modules and perovskite indoor photovoltaics.Finally,the future perspectives towards commercialization are put forward.

From lab to market:a review of commercialization and advances for binders in lithium-,zinc-,sodium-ion batteries

The paper discusses the progress and commercialization of binders for energy storage applications,such as batteries.It explains the role of binders in holding together active materials and current collectors,and highlights the challenges associated with conventional organic solvents in binders.The potential of aqueous binders is introduced as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative.The advantages and limitations of different types of binders are discussed,and the importance of binder selection for optimal battery performance is emphasized.The current state of commercialization of binders is reviewed,and the need for collaboration between researchers,manufacturers,and policymakers to develop and promote environmentally friendly and cost-effective binders is emphasized.The paper concludes by outlining future directions for research and development to further improve the performance and commercialization of binders,while addressing limitations such as lack of standardization,high cost,and long-term stability and reliability.

Key bottlenecks and distinct contradictions in fast commercialization of perovskite solar cells

Despite significant improvements in photo-electricity conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)over the past several years,this emerging photovoltaic technology is still years away from large-scale commercial application.In this review,important research progresses on PSCs’‘golden triangle’parameters of efficiency,stability,and cost in literatures were objectively analyzed.We focused on their key bottlenecks and distinct contradictions hindering their fast commercialization.We also proposed the most urgent directions requiring intensive research and development input in the coming years to speed up the commercialization process of PSCs.

The Evolution of Mass Media and Shanghai-Style Suzhou Pingtan in Modern Shanghai

With the development of urban culture in modern Shanghai,Shanghai style(海派Haipai)has gradually formed its own features.As a crucial component of urban culture,modern mass media reflects the essence of Shanghai-style culture in its development.Its modernity,commerciality,openness,and innovation display the cultural trait of keeping up with the times.During the Xianfeng and Tongzhi periods of the Qing Dynasty(1851-1875),Suzhou Pingtan(苏州评弹)was introduced to Shanghai due to the influence of the Taiping Rebellion(太平天国战争),and began its Shanghai-style evolution in the context of modern mass media.On the one hand,modern newspapers and electronic media became crucial tools for the promotion of Suzhou Pingtan performers;on the other hand,the daily lives,performing careers,and public images of these performers became focal points of media attention.Mass media facilitated the Shanghai-style development of Suzhou Pingtan,and through it,changes in commercial awareness,performance styles,artistic expressions,musical innovation,and the celebrity-like performers all reflected the process of Shanghai-style development in Pingtan art.

Commercialization of disruptive innovations:Literature review and proposal for a process framework

The challenges of disruptive innovations have gained significant attention from both academics and practitioners,commercialization being one of the most critical phases.At the same time,however,it is the less studied area of disruptive innovation.Therefore,this article examined scholarly papers on the commercialization of disruptive innovations through a multidisciplinary systematic literature review.It resulted in the analysis of 64 high-quality peer-reviewed academic articles.The analysis highlighted the commercialization models and main constructs that are affecting the commercialization process:market orientation,market learning,user’s involvement,market configuration,adoption networks and stakeholders,and innovation transference.The study evidences how commercialization has evolved from a later stage in innovation to influence even the early phases of innovation,characterized in turn by exploration,learning and ecosystem creation activities.Additionally,the analysis led to a proposition that established an integrated commercialization model for high uncertainty innovations.The model has three phases:1)Concept/value proposition validation,2)Business model validation&Market creation,and 3)Creating sales in the majority market.Lastly,the article contributes to a better understanding of commercialization processes in high uncertainty innovations,bridging also the academic-practitioner divide.