The high-energy photon source(HEPS)is the first fourth-generation synchrotron light source facility in China.The HEPS injector consists of a linear accelerator(Linac)and a full energy booster.The booster captures the ...The high-energy photon source(HEPS)is the first fourth-generation synchrotron light source facility in China.The HEPS injector consists of a linear accelerator(Linac)and a full energy booster.The booster captures the electron beam from the Linac and increases its energy to the value required for the storage ring.The full-energy beam could be injected to the storage ring directly or after“high-energy accumulation.”On November 17,2023,the key booster parameters successfully reached their corresponding target values.These milestone results were achieved based on numerous contributions,including nearly a decade of physical design,years of equipment development and installation,and months of beam commissioning.As measured at the extraction energy of 6 GeV,the averaged beam current and emittance reached 8.57 mA with 5 bunches and 30.37 nm rad with a single-bunch charge of 5.58 nC,compared with the corresponding target values of 6.6 mA and 35 nm rad,respectively.This paper presents the physical design,equipment development,installation,and commissioning process of the HEPS booster.展开更多
A 3W1 superconducting wiggler(SCW)with the pole gap of 68 mm was successfully tested and installed in a BEPC II storage ring in November,2019.The goal of zero liquid helium consumption was achieved,and the cryogenic s...A 3W1 superconducting wiggler(SCW)with the pole gap of 68 mm was successfully tested and installed in a BEPC II storage ring in November,2019.The goal of zero liquid helium consumption was achieved,and the cryogenic system exhibited a 12%residual cooling capacity(approximately 0.69 W@4.2 K).The 3W1-SCW was set to operate at 2.49 T and has been operating for more than seven months.Three instances of magnet quenching occurred during the normal operation.The evaporated helium gas can be recycled to the helium gas recycling system when the pressure in the helium tank is higher than the parameter value(the setpoint of the pressure value is 1.2 bara).The cryogenic system can be recovered within 4 h if sufficient liquid helium is available to inject into the cryostat.展开更多
A 53.667 MHz CW(continuous-wave) heavy ion IH-DTL has been designed for the SSC-LINAC injector of HIRFL-CSR(Heavy Ions Research Facility at Lanzhou-Cooling Storage Ring). It accelerates ions with maximum mass-to-charg...A 53.667 MHz CW(continuous-wave) heavy ion IH-DTL has been designed for the SSC-LINAC injector of HIRFL-CSR(Heavy Ions Research Facility at Lanzhou-Cooling Storage Ring). It accelerates ions with maximum mass-to-charge ratio of 7.0 from 143 to 295 ke V/u. Low-power RF measurement of the IH-DTL1 has been taken to investigate the RF performance and the quality of the electric field distribution on the beam axis.The measured Q_0 value and the shunt impedance are 10,400 and 198 MX/m, respectively. The electric field distributions on and around the beam axis were evaluated and compared with the design value. By a new approach,the dipole field component is also estimated. The beam dynamics simulation using measured field distribution was presented in this paper. Based on the dynamics analysis in both transverse and longitudinal phase space, the field distribution can meet the design requirement. Finally, the RF conditioning and very first beam commissioning on the IH-DTL1 were finished. The beam test results agree well with the simulation results; what's more, the property of the variable output beam energy about the separated functions DTL was verified.展开更多
The SC200 proton therapy superconducting cyclotron was developed by ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia). A measurement system was designed to assess the average radial component of the magnetic field (Brav) ...The SC200 proton therapy superconducting cyclotron was developed by ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia). A measurement system was designed to assess the average radial component of the magnetic field (Brav) with 15 search coils in the median plane. The winding differences of the search coils affect the measurement accuracy of the Brav. Based on the electromagnetic induction principle, to measure the Brav accurately, this paper focuses on the design and commissioning of the Brav measurement system. The preliminary results confirm that the system design is reasonable and suitable. After testing the search coil at different speeds, the optimal speed was determined as 2.5 mm/s. The relative error was approximately 0.1% under the maximum radial component of the magnetic field Br of 7 G. The measurement precision was up to 1.0×10^-3, which can provide the required measurement tolerance of 3–7 G for Br in the median plane. The commissioning of the Brav measurement system is an important step for Br measurement. It can check and adjust the asymmetry of the superconducting coils (SCs).展开更多
A 325-MHz continuous-wave(CW) four-vane radiofrequency quadrupole(RFQ) is employed in Injector-I of the China Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System. The radiofrequency tuning and beam commissioning were performed from...A 325-MHz continuous-wave(CW) four-vane radiofrequency quadrupole(RFQ) is employed in Injector-I of the China Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System. The radiofrequency tuning and beam commissioning were performed from January 2014 to January 2017. In a cold test, a stability study showed that the design of the segmented resonantly coupling and dipole stabilizer rods can shift the harmful quadrupole and dipole mode from the fundamental mode to above 2.6 MHz. We also found a simplified tuning method for the field unflatness, involving changing the inserted length of a few plug tuners. For achieving CW-beam commissioning, two full-size RFQs were constructed successively. The commissioning results indicate that the beam transmission rate decreased by approximately 3% as the normalized field unflatness decreased by 1%. A 10-MeV CW proton beam with an average beam current of 2.1 m A was achieved at the target of Injector-I, and the output beam energy of the RFQ was3.18 MeV.展开更多
Motive of the study is to present quantitative and qualitative analysis and comparison of beam data measurement with FF (flattening filter) and FFF (flattening filter free) beam in a Varian TrueBeam<sup>TM</s...Motive of the study is to present quantitative and qualitative analysis and comparison of beam data measurement with FF (flattening filter) and FFF (flattening filter free) beam in a Varian TrueBeam<sup>TM</sup> Medical Linear Accelerator. Critique of beam characterization and evolution of dosimetric properties for 6 MV, 10 MV, 15 MV FF beam and 6 MVFFF, 10 MVFFF FFF beam has been carried out. We performed the comparison of photon beam data for two standard FF photon energy 6 MV, 10 MV verses 6 MVFFF, and 10 MVFFF FFF beam. Determination and comparison of parameter involved PDD (Percentage depth dose), Depth dose profile, Symmetry, Flatness, Quality index, Relative output factor, Penumbra, Transmission factor, DLG (Dosimetric leaf gap), in addition to degree of Un-flatness and off-axis ratio of FFF beam. Outcomes of presenting study had shown that change of various parameters such as Percentage depth dose curves, Shape of the depth dose profile, Transmission, Value of quality index and significant rise in surface dose for FFF in comparison with FF beam. Differences in the output factor at lower and higher field sizes for FFF beam compared to that of FF beam were found. The maximum output factor deviation between 6 MV and 6 MVFFF was found to be 4.55%, whereas in 10 MV and 10 MVFFF was 5.71%. Beam quality TPR20/10 for FFF beam was found to be lesser in magnitude, 5.42% for 6 MVFFF whereas 4.50% for 10 MVFFF compared to 6 MV and 10 MV FF beam respectively. Jaw transmission and interleaf leakage for FFF beam were found to be lesser than FF beam. Also DLG for FFF beam was found to be lesser in magnitude comparable to that of flattened beam. This study is mainly inclined towards evaluation and comparison of the FF and FFF beam. It has been observed that, the outcome of a commissioning beam data generation fully complies with vendor specification and published literature.展开更多
A new loop and fold wave-guide ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) antenna with a power output of 3 MW, which can operate at a frequency in the range of 30 MHz to 110 MHz, was designed. The design of key compon...A new loop and fold wave-guide ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) antenna with a power output of 3 MW, which can operate at a frequency in the range of 30 MHz to 110 MHz, was designed. The design of key components of the new ICRF antenna and the charac- ters of the new,.]~rototype ICRF antenna are presented. The thermo-mechanical analysis of both the Faraday shield and the current straps was conducted, and the stresses due to heat loads are studied in detail with different cooling-water velocities considered. In addition, the movability of prototype ICRF antenna under vacuum condition by the driving system was tested. An engineer- ing commissioning was successfully performed on the prototype ICRF antenna using the original transmitter. The results are close to the expected.展开更多
The 10-MeV Accelerator-Driven Subcritical(ADS)system Injector-I test stand at the Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP)is a testing facility dedicated to demonstrating the feasibility of the spoke-based super-conduct...The 10-MeV Accelerator-Driven Subcritical(ADS)system Injector-I test stand at the Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP)is a testing facility dedicated to demonstrating the feasibility of the spoke-based super-conducting(SC)linear accelerator(linac)for the ADS project in China.The injector adopted a four-vane copper structure radio frequency quadrupole(RFQ)with an output energy of 3.2 MeV and an SC section accommodating 14 β_(g)=0.12 single spoke cavities,14 SC solenoids,and 14 cold beam position monitors(BPMs).A 10-MeV pulsed beam with a beam current of 10 mA and a 2-mA continuous wave(CW)beam were successfully shooting through.The commissioning results confirmed the feasibility of using a 325-MHz spoke-type cavity for accelerating the proton beam in the low β and medium β sections.This paper describes the results achieved,the difficulties encountered,and the experiences obtained during commissioning.展开更多
This study is to investigate three common potential setup uncertainties during Linac commissioning and annual QA and to evaluate how these uncertainties propagate into the quality of beam profiles and patient dosimetr...This study is to investigate three common potential setup uncertainties during Linac commissioning and annual QA and to evaluate how these uncertainties propagate into the quality of beam profiles and patient dosimetry using gamma analysis. Three uncertainty scenarios were purposely introduced for gantry position tilted from 0˚- 3˚(scenario 1), isocenter position misaligned from 0 - 6 mm (scenario 2) and SAD changed from 99.5 - 103 cm (scenario 3). A 60 × 60 × 60 cm<sup>3</sup> water phantom cube was created to replicate a 3D water tank in VarianEclipse (V.11) treatment planning system (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). For each scenario, beam data profiles (crossline and diagonal) and PDD curves were calculated at different field sizes and depths for three energies: 6 MV, 6 MV-FFF and 10 MV-FFF. Gamma analysis method was used to compare a total of 263 profiles to baseline using a 1%/1mm parameter with 90% gamma passing rate criteria. For scenario 1, a ≥90% gamma passing rate and ≤1% dose difference were seen on both crossline and diagonal profiles, and PDD curves for gantry tilted up to 2˚. For 3˚degree tilt, the gamma passing rate decreased to ≤90% at depth of ≥20 cm for 6MV/6MV-FFF and depth of ≥12 cm for 10MV-FFF. For scenario 2, a ≤90% gamma passing rate and ≥1% dose difference were seen at depths from d<sub>max</sub> to 20 cm for all energies. For depths ≥20 cm, mostly ≥90% gamma passing rate and ≤1% dose difference were seen. For scenario 3, a ≥90% gamma passing rate and ≤1% dose difference were seen on ≤4 mm isocenter misalignments for all energies. In summary, gamma analysis of the beam profiles is a very sensitive test for SAD deviation scenarios and can reveal issues of sub millimeter setup uncertainty. However, it is not as sensitive for isocenter misalignment scenarios. The test is also more sensitive for FFF beams than flattening filter beams.展开更多
On December 21, 2014 the first in the world coal-basedsecond-generation methanol-to-olefin (DMTO-II) commercialdemonstration unit was successfully started up atthe Clean Energy Chemical Company Limited in Puchengcit...On December 21, 2014 the first in the world coal-basedsecond-generation methanol-to-olefin (DMTO-II) commercialdemonstration unit was successfully started up atthe Clean Energy Chemical Company Limited in Puchengcity, Shaanxi province, which has symbolized the majorachievements of this phase associated with the disseminationand application of the new generation technology formanufacture of olefins from methanol, the independentintellectual property rights of which are in the hands ofthis Chinese enterprise.展开更多
Purpose: To evaluate the measured dose distributions using radiochromic EBT2 films for small fields in iPlan (BrainLab) commissioning. Methods: Radiochromic EBT2 films were irradiated with 6 MV photons on a Varian Tri...Purpose: To evaluate the measured dose distributions using radiochromic EBT2 films for small fields in iPlan (BrainLab) commissioning. Methods: Radiochromic EBT2 films were irradiated with 6 MV photons on a Varian Trilogy linac using polystyrene phantoms. The measurements included dose profiles and depth doses for field sizes of 1 × 1, 2 × 2, 3 × 3, 4 × 4, and 10 × 10 cm2 etc. The dose profile measurements were taken at the depth of 5 cm. The calibration films were irradiated at dmax(1.4 cm) for doses up to 6 Gy. Films were scanned using an Epson 10,000 XL flatbed scanner with 72 dpi resolution. Pixel values were converted to doses using the established calibration-curve. The 2D dose distributions were generated from the film data analysis. In-house software was utilized to compare the measured doses from films with the treatment planning data. In addition, selected patients’ SRS fields were also measured with the EBT2 films for comparison with iPlan. An EDGETM detector was also used to check the centralaxis doses for the SRS patients’ measurements. Results and Discussion: The measured planar dose distributions achieved more than 98% and 95% passing rates with a set of 2%/2 mm dose and DTA criteria for all square fields and all patient treatment fields (2), respectively. Agreement with measurement data with the EDGETM detector at the central axis (±1%) was found with the plan data. This is the first report for SRS small photon-field measurement using the latest radiochromic film, EBT2. The results shown in this work indicate that the use of EBT2 film provides accurate dosimetry measure-ments for small photon beams. The measurements show excellent agreement with the iPlan TP commissioning data. Conclusions: The patient-specific EBT2 film QA for iPlan SRS patients showed good results. The EBT2 films could potentially be a useful dosimeter in verification of commissioning as well as patient-specific QA for SRS cases.展开更多
This paper introduces the process flow, technical parameters and relevant features of Baosteel's No. 8 air separation unit (ASU) with a capacity of 60000m^3/h. It summarizes the commissioning work, which includes t...This paper introduces the process flow, technical parameters and relevant features of Baosteel's No. 8 air separation unit (ASU) with a capacity of 60000m^3/h. It summarizes the commissioning work, which includes the adjustment of the air compressor,the system's naked cooling,the precooling system and the operation adjustment. It also provides detailed analyses on some failures which occurred in the commissioning. Through the modification of the design and the interlocks, the tripping probability of the air compressor was greatly reduced. Through the heating of the system and the control of the water cooler's nitrogen flow,the overproof content of carbon dioxide and fluctuation of oxygen flow were avoided. Nitrogen-block in the argon system was eliminated by the precise control of the argon rectification flow and argon content. All these solutions have been proved to be effective by practice.展开更多
<strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study is to provide technical information on commissioning the TrueBeam STx 6 MV flattening-filter free (FFF) beam in the RayStation treatment planning system ...<strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study is to provide technical information on commissioning the TrueBeam STx 6 MV flattening-filter free (FFF) beam in the RayStation treatment planning system (TPS) for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatments. <strong>Methods:</strong> For beam modeling, percent depth dose curves, profiles and output factors for jaw-collimated fields and stereotactic cones as well as X-jaws transmission were measured. For multi-leaf collimator (MLC) modeling, MLC model parameters such as offset, gain, curvature, leaf tip width, tongue and groove and transmission were determined and output factors for MLC-collimated fields were measured. Absolute dose calibration was also performed. For beam model and MLC model validation, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group-119 plans, clinical SRS and SBRT plans and end-to-end testing were performed. <strong>Results:</strong> Beam characteristics of the 6 MV FFF beam agreed well with those in the literature. Validation results showed that our beam model and MLC model were acceptable for SRS and SBRT treatments. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The technical information and dosimetric data provided in this study will be a useful reference for other clinics/institutions which will commission the same machine energy in the RayStation TPS.展开更多
We present the results of measurements made using the Vero4DRT radiation therapy system, which is not yet widely used, to assist technicians in achieving reliable and safe radiotherapy to the patient. We measured perc...We present the results of measurements made using the Vero4DRT radiation therapy system, which is not yet widely used, to assist technicians in achieving reliable and safe radiotherapy to the patient. We measured percent depth dose, beam profile, and relative scatter factor under water and air conditions. The Vero4DRT system has a 150 × 150-mm fixed secondary collimator. Its multileaf collimator (MLC) design is a single-focus type, with 30 pairs of 5 mm thick leaves at the isocenter, and produces a maximum field size of 150 × 150 mm. Profile measurements were performed using a 0.016-cm<sup>3</sup> ionization chamber (PTW31016 pinpoint chamber;PTW, Freiburg GmbH Germany). A brass build-up cap was used for measurements obtained in air conditions. We present a useful measurement dataset for users of the Vero4DRT system.展开更多
Holding the greatest power transmission capacity in China, Three Gorges power transmission and substation (T&S) project is an important landmark in the
The demo facility of China ADS injector II was installed in the tunnel in 2014. The on-site layout of demofacility is shown in the Fig. 1. The demo facility mainly inculdes ECRIS, LEBT, RFQ, MEBTTCM and Dplate.The TCM...The demo facility of China ADS injector II was installed in the tunnel in 2014. The on-site layout of demofacility is shown in the Fig. 1. The demo facility mainly inculdes ECRIS, LEBT, RFQ, MEBTTCM and Dplate.The TCM is composed by one Superconducting(SC) HWR cavity and two SC solenoids.The beam tuning began at September of 2014. The beam commissioning procedure mainly includes three steps.Calibration of single hardware. In this step, buncher cavity, SC HWR cavity and BPM offset are calibrated withbeam to make sure the parameter of the hardwares agree with the off-line measured value. The beam parametersare chosen to be 10 mA, 1 Hz and less than 200 s. From the results, the voltage of HWR cavity and bunchercavities agree well with the measurement with X-ray method. The offset between BPM electric center and quadruplemagnetic center is less than 0.6 mm, which is reasonable according to the mechanical alignment result.展开更多
Separated Function RFQ (SFRFQ) was proposed as a post accelerator of RFQ to accelerate heavy ions at low frequency. It introduces gap accelerating in the quadrupole electrodes, and therefore it has higher accelerating...Separated Function RFQ (SFRFQ) was proposed as a post accelerator of RFQ to accelerate heavy ions at low frequency. It introduces gap accelerating in the quadrupole electrodes, and therefore it has higher accelerating efficiency than the conventional RFQ accelerator. The first SFRFQ prototype cavity has been specially designed and constructed as a post accelerator to accelerate O+ beam from 1.03 MeV to 1.64 MeV. Based on accomplishment of low power measurement and high power test, the beam commissioning was carried out to verify its feasibility. The measured energy gain per cell of SFRFQ is 45 keV, which is about 60% higher than that of Peking University Integral Split Ring (ISR) RFQ.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12005239).
文摘The high-energy photon source(HEPS)is the first fourth-generation synchrotron light source facility in China.The HEPS injector consists of a linear accelerator(Linac)and a full energy booster.The booster captures the electron beam from the Linac and increases its energy to the value required for the storage ring.The full-energy beam could be injected to the storage ring directly or after“high-energy accumulation.”On November 17,2023,the key booster parameters successfully reached their corresponding target values.These milestone results were achieved based on numerous contributions,including nearly a decade of physical design,years of equipment development and installation,and months of beam commissioning.As measured at the extraction energy of 6 GeV,the averaged beam current and emittance reached 8.57 mA with 5 bunches and 30.37 nm rad with a single-bunch charge of 5.58 nC,compared with the corresponding target values of 6.6 mA and 35 nm rad,respectively.This paper presents the physical design,equipment development,installation,and commissioning process of the HEPS booster.
基金supported in part by the High Energy Photon Source Test Facility and the Key Laboratory of Particle Acceleration Physics and Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘A 3W1 superconducting wiggler(SCW)with the pole gap of 68 mm was successfully tested and installed in a BEPC II storage ring in November,2019.The goal of zero liquid helium consumption was achieved,and the cryogenic system exhibited a 12%residual cooling capacity(approximately 0.69 W@4.2 K).The 3W1-SCW was set to operate at 2.49 T and has been operating for more than seven months.Three instances of magnet quenching occurred during the normal operation.The evaporated helium gas can be recycled to the helium gas recycling system when the pressure in the helium tank is higher than the parameter value(the setpoint of the pressure value is 1.2 bara).The cryogenic system can be recovered within 4 h if sufficient liquid helium is available to inject into the cryostat.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11375243 and 11405237)the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(No.2016ZT06G373)
文摘A 53.667 MHz CW(continuous-wave) heavy ion IH-DTL has been designed for the SSC-LINAC injector of HIRFL-CSR(Heavy Ions Research Facility at Lanzhou-Cooling Storage Ring). It accelerates ions with maximum mass-to-charge ratio of 7.0 from 143 to 295 ke V/u. Low-power RF measurement of the IH-DTL1 has been taken to investigate the RF performance and the quality of the electric field distribution on the beam axis.The measured Q_0 value and the shunt impedance are 10,400 and 198 MX/m, respectively. The electric field distributions on and around the beam axis were evaluated and compared with the design value. By a new approach,the dipole field component is also estimated. The beam dynamics simulation using measured field distribution was presented in this paper. Based on the dynamics analysis in both transverse and longitudinal phase space, the field distribution can meet the design requirement. Finally, the RF conditioning and very first beam commissioning on the IH-DTL1 were finished. The beam test results agree well with the simulation results; what's more, the property of the variable output beam energy about the separated functions DTL was verified.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui under Grant(No.1908085QA25)the Research Initiation Foundation of Anhui Polytechnic University(No.2018YQQ001)+3 种基金the PreResearch National Natural Science Foundation of China of Anhui Polytechnic University(No.2019yyzr13)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11575237 and 11775258)the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program(No.2015GB101001)the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Anhui(No.1704e1002207)
文摘The SC200 proton therapy superconducting cyclotron was developed by ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia). A measurement system was designed to assess the average radial component of the magnetic field (Brav) with 15 search coils in the median plane. The winding differences of the search coils affect the measurement accuracy of the Brav. Based on the electromagnetic induction principle, to measure the Brav accurately, this paper focuses on the design and commissioning of the Brav measurement system. The preliminary results confirm that the system design is reasonable and suitable. After testing the search coil at different speeds, the optimal speed was determined as 2.5 mm/s. The relative error was approximately 0.1% under the maximum radial component of the magnetic field Br of 7 G. The measurement precision was up to 1.0×10^-3, which can provide the required measurement tolerance of 3–7 G for Br in the median plane. The commissioning of the Brav measurement system is an important step for Br measurement. It can check and adjust the asymmetry of the superconducting coils (SCs).
文摘A 325-MHz continuous-wave(CW) four-vane radiofrequency quadrupole(RFQ) is employed in Injector-I of the China Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System. The radiofrequency tuning and beam commissioning were performed from January 2014 to January 2017. In a cold test, a stability study showed that the design of the segmented resonantly coupling and dipole stabilizer rods can shift the harmful quadrupole and dipole mode from the fundamental mode to above 2.6 MHz. We also found a simplified tuning method for the field unflatness, involving changing the inserted length of a few plug tuners. For achieving CW-beam commissioning, two full-size RFQs were constructed successively. The commissioning results indicate that the beam transmission rate decreased by approximately 3% as the normalized field unflatness decreased by 1%. A 10-MeV CW proton beam with an average beam current of 2.1 m A was achieved at the target of Injector-I, and the output beam energy of the RFQ was3.18 MeV.
文摘Motive of the study is to present quantitative and qualitative analysis and comparison of beam data measurement with FF (flattening filter) and FFF (flattening filter free) beam in a Varian TrueBeam<sup>TM</sup> Medical Linear Accelerator. Critique of beam characterization and evolution of dosimetric properties for 6 MV, 10 MV, 15 MV FF beam and 6 MVFFF, 10 MVFFF FFF beam has been carried out. We performed the comparison of photon beam data for two standard FF photon energy 6 MV, 10 MV verses 6 MVFFF, and 10 MVFFF FFF beam. Determination and comparison of parameter involved PDD (Percentage depth dose), Depth dose profile, Symmetry, Flatness, Quality index, Relative output factor, Penumbra, Transmission factor, DLG (Dosimetric leaf gap), in addition to degree of Un-flatness and off-axis ratio of FFF beam. Outcomes of presenting study had shown that change of various parameters such as Percentage depth dose curves, Shape of the depth dose profile, Transmission, Value of quality index and significant rise in surface dose for FFF in comparison with FF beam. Differences in the output factor at lower and higher field sizes for FFF beam compared to that of FF beam were found. The maximum output factor deviation between 6 MV and 6 MVFFF was found to be 4.55%, whereas in 10 MV and 10 MVFFF was 5.71%. Beam quality TPR20/10 for FFF beam was found to be lesser in magnitude, 5.42% for 6 MVFFF whereas 4.50% for 10 MVFFF compared to 6 MV and 10 MV FF beam respectively. Jaw transmission and interleaf leakage for FFF beam were found to be lesser than FF beam. Also DLG for FFF beam was found to be lesser in magnitude comparable to that of flattened beam. This study is mainly inclined towards evaluation and comparison of the FF and FFF beam. It has been observed that, the outcome of a commissioning beam data generation fully complies with vendor specification and published literature.
文摘A new loop and fold wave-guide ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) antenna with a power output of 3 MW, which can operate at a frequency in the range of 30 MHz to 110 MHz, was designed. The design of key components of the new ICRF antenna and the charac- ters of the new,.]~rototype ICRF antenna are presented. The thermo-mechanical analysis of both the Faraday shield and the current straps was conducted, and the stresses due to heat loads are studied in detail with different cooling-water velocities considered. In addition, the movability of prototype ICRF antenna under vacuum condition by the driving system was tested. An engineer- ing commissioning was successfully performed on the prototype ICRF antenna using the original transmitter. The results are close to the expected.
基金This work was supported by Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA03030201)the Key Laboratory of Particle Acceleration Physics and Technology Autonomous Foundation of CAS China(No.JSQ2017ZZ01).
文摘The 10-MeV Accelerator-Driven Subcritical(ADS)system Injector-I test stand at the Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP)is a testing facility dedicated to demonstrating the feasibility of the spoke-based super-conducting(SC)linear accelerator(linac)for the ADS project in China.The injector adopted a four-vane copper structure radio frequency quadrupole(RFQ)with an output energy of 3.2 MeV and an SC section accommodating 14 β_(g)=0.12 single spoke cavities,14 SC solenoids,and 14 cold beam position monitors(BPMs).A 10-MeV pulsed beam with a beam current of 10 mA and a 2-mA continuous wave(CW)beam were successfully shooting through.The commissioning results confirmed the feasibility of using a 325-MHz spoke-type cavity for accelerating the proton beam in the low β and medium β sections.This paper describes the results achieved,the difficulties encountered,and the experiences obtained during commissioning.
文摘This study is to investigate three common potential setup uncertainties during Linac commissioning and annual QA and to evaluate how these uncertainties propagate into the quality of beam profiles and patient dosimetry using gamma analysis. Three uncertainty scenarios were purposely introduced for gantry position tilted from 0˚- 3˚(scenario 1), isocenter position misaligned from 0 - 6 mm (scenario 2) and SAD changed from 99.5 - 103 cm (scenario 3). A 60 × 60 × 60 cm<sup>3</sup> water phantom cube was created to replicate a 3D water tank in VarianEclipse (V.11) treatment planning system (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). For each scenario, beam data profiles (crossline and diagonal) and PDD curves were calculated at different field sizes and depths for three energies: 6 MV, 6 MV-FFF and 10 MV-FFF. Gamma analysis method was used to compare a total of 263 profiles to baseline using a 1%/1mm parameter with 90% gamma passing rate criteria. For scenario 1, a ≥90% gamma passing rate and ≤1% dose difference were seen on both crossline and diagonal profiles, and PDD curves for gantry tilted up to 2˚. For 3˚degree tilt, the gamma passing rate decreased to ≤90% at depth of ≥20 cm for 6MV/6MV-FFF and depth of ≥12 cm for 10MV-FFF. For scenario 2, a ≤90% gamma passing rate and ≥1% dose difference were seen at depths from d<sub>max</sub> to 20 cm for all energies. For depths ≥20 cm, mostly ≥90% gamma passing rate and ≤1% dose difference were seen. For scenario 3, a ≥90% gamma passing rate and ≤1% dose difference were seen on ≤4 mm isocenter misalignments for all energies. In summary, gamma analysis of the beam profiles is a very sensitive test for SAD deviation scenarios and can reveal issues of sub millimeter setup uncertainty. However, it is not as sensitive for isocenter misalignment scenarios. The test is also more sensitive for FFF beams than flattening filter beams.
文摘On December 21, 2014 the first in the world coal-basedsecond-generation methanol-to-olefin (DMTO-II) commercialdemonstration unit was successfully started up atthe Clean Energy Chemical Company Limited in Puchengcity, Shaanxi province, which has symbolized the majorachievements of this phase associated with the disseminationand application of the new generation technology formanufacture of olefins from methanol, the independentintellectual property rights of which are in the hands ofthis Chinese enterprise.
文摘Purpose: To evaluate the measured dose distributions using radiochromic EBT2 films for small fields in iPlan (BrainLab) commissioning. Methods: Radiochromic EBT2 films were irradiated with 6 MV photons on a Varian Trilogy linac using polystyrene phantoms. The measurements included dose profiles and depth doses for field sizes of 1 × 1, 2 × 2, 3 × 3, 4 × 4, and 10 × 10 cm2 etc. The dose profile measurements were taken at the depth of 5 cm. The calibration films were irradiated at dmax(1.4 cm) for doses up to 6 Gy. Films were scanned using an Epson 10,000 XL flatbed scanner with 72 dpi resolution. Pixel values were converted to doses using the established calibration-curve. The 2D dose distributions were generated from the film data analysis. In-house software was utilized to compare the measured doses from films with the treatment planning data. In addition, selected patients’ SRS fields were also measured with the EBT2 films for comparison with iPlan. An EDGETM detector was also used to check the centralaxis doses for the SRS patients’ measurements. Results and Discussion: The measured planar dose distributions achieved more than 98% and 95% passing rates with a set of 2%/2 mm dose and DTA criteria for all square fields and all patient treatment fields (2), respectively. Agreement with measurement data with the EDGETM detector at the central axis (±1%) was found with the plan data. This is the first report for SRS small photon-field measurement using the latest radiochromic film, EBT2. The results shown in this work indicate that the use of EBT2 film provides accurate dosimetry measure-ments for small photon beams. The measurements show excellent agreement with the iPlan TP commissioning data. Conclusions: The patient-specific EBT2 film QA for iPlan SRS patients showed good results. The EBT2 films could potentially be a useful dosimeter in verification of commissioning as well as patient-specific QA for SRS cases.
文摘This paper introduces the process flow, technical parameters and relevant features of Baosteel's No. 8 air separation unit (ASU) with a capacity of 60000m^3/h. It summarizes the commissioning work, which includes the adjustment of the air compressor,the system's naked cooling,the precooling system and the operation adjustment. It also provides detailed analyses on some failures which occurred in the commissioning. Through the modification of the design and the interlocks, the tripping probability of the air compressor was greatly reduced. Through the heating of the system and the control of the water cooler's nitrogen flow,the overproof content of carbon dioxide and fluctuation of oxygen flow were avoided. Nitrogen-block in the argon system was eliminated by the precise control of the argon rectification flow and argon content. All these solutions have been proved to be effective by practice.
文摘<strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study is to provide technical information on commissioning the TrueBeam STx 6 MV flattening-filter free (FFF) beam in the RayStation treatment planning system (TPS) for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatments. <strong>Methods:</strong> For beam modeling, percent depth dose curves, profiles and output factors for jaw-collimated fields and stereotactic cones as well as X-jaws transmission were measured. For multi-leaf collimator (MLC) modeling, MLC model parameters such as offset, gain, curvature, leaf tip width, tongue and groove and transmission were determined and output factors for MLC-collimated fields were measured. Absolute dose calibration was also performed. For beam model and MLC model validation, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group-119 plans, clinical SRS and SBRT plans and end-to-end testing were performed. <strong>Results:</strong> Beam characteristics of the 6 MV FFF beam agreed well with those in the literature. Validation results showed that our beam model and MLC model were acceptable for SRS and SBRT treatments. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The technical information and dosimetric data provided in this study will be a useful reference for other clinics/institutions which will commission the same machine energy in the RayStation TPS.
文摘We present the results of measurements made using the Vero4DRT radiation therapy system, which is not yet widely used, to assist technicians in achieving reliable and safe radiotherapy to the patient. We measured percent depth dose, beam profile, and relative scatter factor under water and air conditions. The Vero4DRT system has a 150 × 150-mm fixed secondary collimator. Its multileaf collimator (MLC) design is a single-focus type, with 30 pairs of 5 mm thick leaves at the isocenter, and produces a maximum field size of 150 × 150 mm. Profile measurements were performed using a 0.016-cm<sup>3</sup> ionization chamber (PTW31016 pinpoint chamber;PTW, Freiburg GmbH Germany). A brass build-up cap was used for measurements obtained in air conditions. We present a useful measurement dataset for users of the Vero4DRT system.
文摘Holding the greatest power transmission capacity in China, Three Gorges power transmission and substation (T&S) project is an important landmark in the
文摘The demo facility of China ADS injector II was installed in the tunnel in 2014. The on-site layout of demofacility is shown in the Fig. 1. The demo facility mainly inculdes ECRIS, LEBT, RFQ, MEBTTCM and Dplate.The TCM is composed by one Superconducting(SC) HWR cavity and two SC solenoids.The beam tuning began at September of 2014. The beam commissioning procedure mainly includes three steps.Calibration of single hardware. In this step, buncher cavity, SC HWR cavity and BPM offset are calibrated withbeam to make sure the parameter of the hardwares agree with the off-line measured value. The beam parametersare chosen to be 10 mA, 1 Hz and less than 200 s. From the results, the voltage of HWR cavity and bunchercavities agree well with the measurement with X-ray method. The offset between BPM electric center and quadruplemagnetic center is less than 0.6 mm, which is reasonable according to the mechanical alignment result.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grand No. 10905003)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘Separated Function RFQ (SFRFQ) was proposed as a post accelerator of RFQ to accelerate heavy ions at low frequency. It introduces gap accelerating in the quadrupole electrodes, and therefore it has higher accelerating efficiency than the conventional RFQ accelerator. The first SFRFQ prototype cavity has been specially designed and constructed as a post accelerator to accelerate O+ beam from 1.03 MeV to 1.64 MeV. Based on accomplishment of low power measurement and high power test, the beam commissioning was carried out to verify its feasibility. The measured energy gain per cell of SFRFQ is 45 keV, which is about 60% higher than that of Peking University Integral Split Ring (ISR) RFQ.