Risk factors for recurrence of common bile duct stones after surgical treatment and effect of ursodeoxycholic acid intervention

BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an accurate diagnostic method for choledocholithiasis and treatment option for stone removal.Additionally,ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)can dissolve cholesterol stones and prevent their development and reappearance by lowering the cholesterol concen-tration in bile.Despite these treatment options,there are still patients who experience stone recurrence.The clinical data of 100 patients with choledochal stones who were hospitalized at the Yixing People’s Hospital and underwent ERCP for successful stone extraction between June 2020 and December 2022 were retrospectively collected.According to the post-ERCP treatment plan,100 patients were classified into UDCA(n=47)and control(n=53)groups.We aimed to assess the clinical efficacy and rate of relapse in the two patient populations.We then collected information(basic demographic data,clinical characteristics,and serum biochemical indicators)and determined the factors contributing to relapse using logistic regression analysis.Our secondary goal was to determine the effects of UDCA on liver function after ERCP.Compared to the control group,the UDCA group demonstrated a higher clinical effectiveness rate of 92.45%vs 78.72%(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed in liver function indices,including total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,and aspartate aminotransferase,between the two groups before treatment.After treatment,all liver function indices were significantly reduced.Comparing the control vs UDCA groups,the UDCA group exhibited significantly lower levels of all indices(55.39±6.53 vs 77.31±8.52,32.10±4.62 vs 45.39±5.69,142.32±14.21 vs 189.63±16.87,112.52±14.25 vs 149.36±15.36,122.61±16.00 vs 171.33±22.09,96.98±10.44 vs 121.35±11.57,respectively,all P<0.05).The stone recurrence rate was lower in the UDCA group(13.21%)in contrast with the control group(44.68%).Periampullary diverticula(OR:6.00,95%CI:1.69-21.30),maximum stone diameter(OR:1.69,95%CI:1.01-2.85),stone quantity>3(OR:4.23,95%CI:1.17-15.26),and positive bile culture(OR:7.61,95%CI:2.07-27.91)were independent factors that influenced the relapse of common bile duct stones after ERCP(P<0.05).Furthermore,postoperative UDCA was identified as a preventive factor(OR:0.07;95%CI:0.08-0.09).CONCLUSION The intervention effect of UDCA after ERCP for common bile duct stones is adequate,providing new research directions and references for the prevention and treatment of stone recurrence.

Can environmental sustainability be decoupled from economic growth? Empirical evidence from Eastern Europe using the common correlated effect mean group test

The European Union(EU) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD) aim to develop long-term policies for their respective member countries. Having observed increasing dangers to the environment posed by rising economic growth, they are seeking pathways to enable policy action on economic growth and environmental sustainability. Given the facts in theoretical and empirical studies, this study assessed the validity of the decoupling hypothesis by investigating asymmetricity in the relationship between environmental sustainability and economic growth in nine Eastern European countries from 1998 to 2017 using the cross-section augmented Dickey-Fuller(CADF) unit root, panel corrected standard error(PCSE), common correlated effect mean group(CCEMG), and Dumitrescu Hurlin causality approaches. Both population growth and drinking water are used as controlled variables. The outcomes establish strong cointegration among all the variables of interest. According to the results of CCEMG test, economic growth exerts short-term environmental degradation but has long-term environmental benefits in Eastern Europe;and population growth and drinking water exert a positive effect on environmental sustainability in both the short-and long-run. The results of Dumitrescu Hurlin causality test indicate that environmental sustainability is unidirectionally affected by economic growth. Based on these outcomes, we suggest the following policies:(1) the EU and OECD should implement member-targeted policies on economic growth and fossil-fuel use towards regulating industrial pollution, water use, and population control;and(2) the EU and OECD member countries should invest in environmental technologies through green research and development(R&D) to transform their dirty industrial processes and ensure productive energy use.

Poverty Reduction in China: Experiences and Measurement of Effects

This study employs the generalized method of moments(GMM)and panel vector autoregression(PVAR)models for a multi-factor quantitative dissection of China’s poverty reduction process across multiple stages,using provincial panel data from 2000 to 2019.According to our research,economic growth and social development are the key drivers of poverty reduction in China,but the trickle-down effect of economic growth is diminishing and marketization is having a lesser pro-poor effect.Public expenditure has failed to provide social protection and income redistribution benefits due to issues such as targeting error and elite capture.Increasing the efficiency of the poverty reduction system calls for adaptive adjustments.Finally,this study highlights China’s poverty reduction experiences and analyzes current challenges,which serve as inspiration for consolidating poverty-reduction achievements,combating relative poverty,and attaining countryside vitalization.

Comparison of Hypolipidemic Effect of Refined Konjac Meal With Several Common Dietary Fibers and Their Mechanisms of Action

The effects of RKM in comparison with pectin, algin and agar on lipid levels in serum and liver and on liver histopathology in rats were studied. In addition, the effects of all the tested materials on the composition and output of fecal bile acid were observed. All four kinds of dietary fiber were given at a level of 5% of diet to young male rats of Wistar strain fed on a lipid-rich diet contalning 5 % lard, 1% cholesteral and 0. 25 % cholate. All the dietary fibers tested have similar effects on serum lipid composition. In all groups, these substances prevent ed increases in total cholesterol in fasting serum, but the level of triglyceride was tmchangd.The concentrations of totaI cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver were lower in the RKM group than in the control group and the other three groups. Hepatic histopathological exami nation also showed the most significant lipotropic effect in the RKM group. The daily output of fecal bile acids (CDCA+GDCA) was significantly increased in the four experimental groups than in the normal group and the control group. The increase of CDCA was more significant than GDCA, suggesting that the increase of fecal bile acids, especially CDCA, may be one of the mechanisms by which RKM and the other three dietary fibers exerts a hypocholesterolemic effect

Effect of Certain Toxicants on Gonadotropin-Induced Ovarian Non-Esterified Cholesterol Depletion and Steroidogenic Enzyme Stimulation of the Common Carp Cyprinus carpio in vitro

Isolated ovarian tissues from the common carp, Cyprinus carpio were incubated in vitro to obtain a discrete effect of four common toxicants of industrial origin, namely phenol, sulfide, mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride, on gonadotropin-induced alteration of nonesterified and esterified cholesterol and steroidogenic enzymes, △5-3β-HSD and 17β-HSD activity. Stage II ovarian tissue containing 30-40% mature oocytes were shown to be most responsive to gonadotropins in depleting only nonesterified cholesterol moiety and stimulating the activity of both. Safe doses of above mentioned toxicants when added separately to stage II ovarian tissue with oLH (1 μg/incubation) gonadotropin-induced depletion of nonesterified cholesterol and gonadotropin-induced stimulation of the activity of both enzymes was significantly inhibited. Esterified cholesterol remained almost unaltered. Findings clearly indicate the impairment of gonadotropin induced fish ovarian steroidogenesis by the four toxicants separately.

Reducing the Common Environmental Effect on Litopenaeus vannamei Body Weight by Rearing Communally at Early Developmental Stages and Using a Reconstructed Pedigree

Heritability estimates may be severely biased when a large common environmental effect on a family arises from a longlasting separate rearing at early stages(SRES)in traditional selective breeding programs,especially when bred populations have weak genetic ties.Communal rearing at early stages(CRES)may reduce common environmental effect since all families are reared in the same environment immediately after hatching.Here,we compared the effects of CRES and SRES strategies on genetic parameter estimation for harvest body weight in a selective breeding population of Litopenaeus vannamei with a small number of half-sib families.Genetic parameters of each strategy were estimated by using animal models excluding and including the common environmental effect(Model 1 and Model 2,respectively).Heritability estimates for body weight were 0.21±0.06(P<0.05)and 0.69±0.09(P<0.05)for CRES and SRES,respectively,in Model 1,and 0.21±0.06(P<0.05)and 0.52±0.27(P>0.05)in Model 2.The ratio of common environmental variance to phenotypic variance was 0.002±0.000 and 0.071±0.112 for CRES and SRES,respectively.Neither strategy precisely partitioned the common environmental variance according to likelihood ratio test.Lower heritability for body weight in CRES than in SRES implied that a large common environmental variance was confounded with additive genetic variance and was not effectively partitioned in SRES.Moreover,genetic correlation of body weight between the two strategies was 0.75±0.15,indicating that family rankings truly changed.The CRES should be followed in the selective breeding program of shrimp,especially in a population with a shallow pedigree and weak genetic ties between families.

Capital mobility in Latin American and Caribbean countries: new evidence from dynamic common correlated effects panel data modeling

This study investigates the degree of capital mobility in a panel of 16 Latin American and 4 Caribbean countries during 1960 to 2017 against the backdrop of the Feldstein-Horioka hypothesis by applying recent panel data techniques.This is the first study on capital mobility in Latin American and Caribbean countries to employ the recently developed panel data procedure of the dynamic common correlated effects modeling technique of Chudik and Pesaran(J Econ 188:393–420,2015)and the error-correction testing of Gengenbach,Urbain,and Westerlund(Panel error correction testing with global stochastic trends,2008,J Appl Econ 31:982–1004,2016).These approaches address the serious panel data econometric issues of crosssection dependence,slope heterogeneity,nonstationarity,and endogeneity in a multifactor error-structure framework.The empirical findings of this study reveal a low average(mean)savings–retention coefficient for the panel as a whole and for most individual countries,as well as indicating a cointegration relationship between saving and investment ratios.The results indicate that there is a relatively high degree of capital mobility in the Latin American and Caribbean countries in the short run,while the long-run solvency condition is maintained,which is due to reduced frictions in goods and services markets causing increase competition.Increased capital mobility in these countries can promote economic growth and hasten the process of globalization by creating a conducive economic environment for FDI in these countries.

Effect of Mercuric Chloride and Cadmium Chloride on Gonadal Function and Its Regulation in SexuallyMature Common Carp Cyprinus carpio

Gonadal function in fish, CJprinus carpio was significantly affected by sublethal doses of mercuric chloride (HgCl2 ) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2 ) in chronic (45 days ) exposure.Parameters investigated were nonesterified (NE) and esterified (E) cholestcrol of ovary,liver and serum and ovarian 3β-Hydroxysteroid and 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehyrogenaseenzyme activity and serum and pituitary gonadotropin (GtH) levels. Both the pollutantswere able to reduce the hypothalamic extract (HE) or gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) induced pituitary GtH release in vitro. Short term (96h) exposure of the fish tothe pollutants had no significant effect on the gonadal function. ln addition to thedeleterious effect of pollutants on the gonadal steroidogenesis and pituitary gonadotropin release, using [4-14C] cholesterol as a tracer it was found that for 45 days expeure, HgCl2'had an adverse effect on the transport of cholesterol from circulation to ovary.

汇聚涓涓细流:农村电商的收入效应与溢出效应研究——基于全国1809个县的证据

促进共同富裕的艰巨任务在农村、在农民,而发展农村电商是推进乡村振兴、促进收入增长、实现共同富裕的一个探索。基于2014—2020年全国1809个县以及淘宝村数据,构建面板数据固定效应模型和空间杜宾模型,分析了农村电商发展对县域农村家庭收入的直接效应及其空间溢出效应。研究发现:与非电商村相比,农村电商显著提高了农村居民的收入水平,产生的收入效应在电商发展水平较低、经济聚集程度不高的地区更大。进一步分析发现,农村电商呈现较强的空间溢出效应,且农村电商对周边地区和经济发达地区产生的溢出效应较大。国家推进电商进村应注重完善具有较好农业资源禀赋地区的公共基础设施,提高特色农产品在电商市场中的差异化竞争力;鼓励农村电商跨区域发展,提倡农村电商先行区帮扶后进地区,促进农产品和农村要素流动汇聚涓涓细流,实现互利互惠共赢、共同富裕。

乡村产业发展的富民效应分析

乡村产业的蓬勃发展为农民增收和共同富裕带来了新的机遇。文章基于2011—2021年面板数据,深入探讨了乡村产业发展的富民效应,即乡村产业发展是否有助于实现农民增收和共同富裕。结果如下:(1)乡村产业发展显著促进农民增收,该结论在稳健性检验和内生性讨论下依旧成立;(2)乡村产业发展显著促进共同富裕,该结论在稳健性检验和内生性讨论下依旧成立;(3)乡村产业发展的农民增收效应在东、中、西部地区均达到显著水平,中部地区的农民增收效应大于西部地区大于东部地区;(4)乡村产业发展的共同富裕效应在中部地区未达到显著水平,东部地区的共同富裕效应大于西部地区。最后,文章从三方面提出政策建议。

数字普惠金融、创业水平与共同富裕

实现共同富裕是全体人民的美好愿望,大力发展数字普惠金融有助于促进公平、提高效率,推动共同富裕。基于此,本文使用2011—2020年我国31个省的面板数据,实证检验数字普惠金融对共同富裕的影响效应和促进机制。基准回归表明,数字普惠金融能有效促进经济发展,提升居民可支配收入水平;中介回归结果表明,数字普惠金融通过提升地区创业水平来促进各地经济增长、提升居民的可支配收入水平,从而促进共同富裕。在进行稳健性分析后,结果依然成立。

产业转型升级、城乡收入差距与居民消费

居民消费是畅通国内大循环的关键环节和重要引擎,产业转型升级优化了消费供给。本文实证分析了产业转型升级对居民消费的直接影响,以及通过城乡收入差距所产生的间接影响。研究发现,经济高质量发展期间,产业转型升级显著促进居民消费;城乡收入差距在产业转型升级和居民消费间的中介效应显著,产业转型升级会通过缩小城乡收入差距间接促进居民消费;产业转型升级对居民消费的影响以及城乡收入差距的中介效应均存在区域异质性,西部地区的直接影响和中介影响均强于中部和东部地区。因此,应该通过供给侧为居民提供丰富、高质量的商品,满足人民日益增长的消费需求;通过产业转型升级带动就业,提高劳动力收入,缩小城乡收入差距,同时积极防范部分地区在实施产业转型升级政策时出现扩大城乡收入差距等问题。

基于中国省级面板数据对数字乡村建设促进城乡共同富裕的研究

数字乡村建设是实现城乡共同富裕的重要实践路径。本研究基于2011—2020年我国31个省份的面板数据,构建数字乡村评价指标体系,实证探究了数字乡村建设对城乡共同富裕的影响。研究表明:(1)数字乡村建设有利于收敛城乡收入差距,进而促进共同富裕。(2)异质性结果表明数字乡村建设对东部地区的促进作用更强。(3)机制分析表明非农就业是数字乡村建设促进共同富裕的重要路径。(4)数字乡村建设水平对共同富裕的作用存在空间溢出效应。

职业教育促进共同富裕的现实路径:工资效应与分配效应

扎实推进共同富裕是攸关中华民族伟大复兴的重大课题。文章通过分析中国家庭收入调查数据,以教育回报率及工资收入差距的分解作为测量指标,对职业教育促进共同富裕的现实路径进行了实证研究。研究发现:(1)利用描述性统计发现城乡居民的工资水平对其所接受的职业教育层级具有依附性的特征;(2)进一步通过普通最小二乘法进行基准测量,发现高职教育回报率比中职教育高出21.3%,比本科教育低9.9%;(3)利用无条件分位数回归及其分解技术,发现职业教育在促进共同富裕时具有“提低”和“扩高”的异质性收益特征,仅考虑人力资本因素时,职业教育引致的工资收入差距具有“粘地板效应”的特征。文章在此基础上提出了以职业教育为抓手,扎实推进共同富裕的现实方案。

社会保障水平提升如何影响共同富裕?——基于省级面板数据的实证分析

基于2011—2020年中国31个省级行政区的面板数据,利用熵权TOPSIS法分别对社会保障水平和共同富裕水平进行测度,然后通过静态和动态面板回归计量模型实证检验了社会保障和共同富裕之间的关系。研究发现:中国社会保障水平和共同富裕水平在2011—2020年整体呈现增长趋势,其中社会保障水平在空间上呈现东部地区高于西部地区、西部地区高于中部地区的特征,共同富裕水平在空间上则呈现“东-中-西”逐级递减趋势。经检验,社会保障水平的提高能够显著促进共同富裕的实现,且这种促进作用具有边际效应递减的非线性特点。机制分析表明,社会保障可以通过提高居民消费水平和促进人力资本积累两条路径促进共同富裕的实现。进一步研究发现,社会保障水平对共同富裕水平的影响还存在区域异质性,中部地区社会保障水平的提升对共同富裕水平的影响程度大于东部和西部地区。

不同电学参数和水流条件下电栅对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)的阻拦效果

脉冲直流电导阻鱼技术已被广泛应用于阻止入侵物种扩散、驱赶鱼类远离危险区域并将其引导至有利区域,如鱼道。但是脉冲直流电的有效性受多方面因素的影响,其主导因素目前尚未定论。以鲤为研究对象,在静水条件下采用4因素3水平正交实验方法分析了脉冲电压、脉冲宽度、脉冲频率和电极摆放方式的电栅拦鱼效果及其对鱼类受伤尾数的主次影响,然后选择最优组合开展不同流速下(0,0.3,0.5 m/s)的驱鱼实验,分析流速对拦鱼效果的影响。结果表明:在静水工况下,影响拦鱼电栅效率的主要因素为电极布置方式>脉冲宽度>脉冲频率>脉冲电压,电极布置为方式1(垂直水流间距80 cm)、脉冲电压140 V、脉冲频率10 Hz、脉冲宽度10 ms是拦鱼效果最佳的组合。电学参数对鲤的伤害无显著性,平均受伤尾数不超过实验鱼总数的15%。流水条件下,三种流速工况下拦鱼电栅的阻拦率无显著差异,但是随着流速的增高阻拦率呈现先降低后增加的趋势。该研究将为保护鱼类资源和防止入侵鱼类跨区域传播提供依据。

数智经济推动共同富裕的机制与效应研究

共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求,数字化、智能化是引领共同富裕的重要驱动力。本文从数字化和智能化两个维度出发构建了数智经济发展水平的指标体系,并利用2012~2022年我国省际面板数据,实证分析了数智经济推动共同富裕的作用路径与影响效应。研究发现:数智经济通过提高农业全要素生产率推动共同富裕。在区域经济发达程度较低时,数智经济的发展可能会妨碍共同富裕目标的实现,但这种抑制效果将进一步削弱,直到区域经济发展达到一定水平,数智经济发展才有助于促进共同富裕。同时,数智经济发展还存在明显的空间溢出效应,可以提高邻近地区的共同富裕程度。因此,各地区应加快数智经济发展进度,使数智经济的建设更有效地服务于共同富裕目标。

共同富裕进程中的数字普惠金融作用研究——基于我国254个地级市面板数据的分析

数字普惠金融利用数字技术手段实现金融服务的“精准滴灌”与“低成本覆盖”,为实现共同富裕提供了重要抓手。首先,基于“发展与共享”理念测度地级市共同富裕水平;然后,以我国254个地级市的面板数据检验数字普惠金融对共同富裕的作用。结果表明:总体上,数字普惠金融发展能够显著促进共同富裕水平的提升;细分子维度来看,数字普惠金融覆盖广度、使用深度和数字化程度均能显著促进共同富裕水平提升;区域数字基础设施建设能正向调节数字普惠金融的促进作用。拓展性分析表明,数字普惠金融对共同富裕的促进作用存在非线性,以数字普惠金融指数、产业结构、教育水平和城镇化水平作为门槛变量时,这种非线性关系均显著。研究结果不仅为数字普惠金融发展能够促进共同富裕提供了经验证据,而且还揭示了“完善数字基础设施建设,充分消弭数字鸿沟”“关注数字普惠金融门槛效应,充分释放数字红利”是进一步发挥数字普惠金融促进作用的关键要点。

数字经济推动共同富裕发展的影响路径研究——基于山东省面板数据和地理回归加权模型

数字经济的迅速发展促进了经济效率的提升,进而对区域共同富裕发展产生影响。在构建数字经济与共同富裕发展理论分析框架基础上,基于2015—2021年山东省各地市的面板数据,测度其数字经济与共同富裕发展水平,构建计量模型分析数字经济对共同富裕发展的影响,利用调节效应和地理加权回归模型分析数字经济影响共同富裕发展的路径和区域差异性。研究发现:山东省数字经济与共同富裕发展存在显著的区域分异性;数字经济对共同富裕发展具有显著的正向作用,能够通过产业结构升级、居民收入水平提高、信息基础设施完善3条路径推动区域共同富裕的发展。据此提出完善信息基础设施建设、推动数字经济与产业发展融合、加强区域内和区域间协调发展的政策建议。