Security Vulnerability Analyses of Large Language Models (LLMs) through Extension of the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) Framework

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tasks, becoming an integral part of various applications in society, including text generation, translation, summarization, and more. However, their widespread usage emphasizes the critical need to enhance their security posture to ensure the integrity and reliability of their outputs and minimize harmful effects. Prompt injections and training data poisoning attacks are two of the most prominent vulnerabilities in LLMs, which could potentially lead to unpredictable and undesirable behaviors, such as biased outputs, misinformation propagation, and even malicious content generation. The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) framework provides a standardized approach to capturing the principal characteristics of vulnerabilities, facilitating a deeper understanding of their severity within the security and AI communities. By extending the current CVSS framework, we generate scores for these vulnerabilities such that organizations can prioritize mitigation efforts, allocate resources effectively, and implement targeted security measures to defend against potential risks.

Common Q在AP1000 PAMS中的应用

简要介绍当代世界三代PWR AP10001E级数字化平台Common Q的软硬件,利用该平台构建AP1000事故后监视系统,为AP1000 1E级数字化平台设计、成套、调试提供参考。

Development and characterization of a novel common wheat–Mexico Rye T1DL·1RS translocation line with stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance

Rye(Secale cereale L., 2n=2x=14, RR) is a significant genetic resource for improving common wheat because of its resistance to multiple diseases and abiotic-stress tolerant traits. The 1RS chromosome from the German cultivated rye variety Petkus is critical in wheat breeding. However, its weakened disease resistance highlights the need to identify new resources. In the present study, a novel derived line called D27 was developed from common wheat and Mexico Rye.Cytological observations characterized the karyotype of D27 as 2n=42=21 Ⅱ. Genomic in situ hybridization indicated that a pair of whole-arm translocated Mexico Rye chromosomes were inherited typically in the mitotic and meiosis stages of D27. Experiments using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) and gliadin electrophoresis showed that D27 lacked wheat 1DS chromosomes. They were replaced by 1RS chromosomes of Mexico Rye, supported by wheat simple-sequence repeat markers, rye sequence characterized amplified region markers, and wheat 40K SNP array analysis.The wheat 1DS chromosomes could not be detected by molecular markers and wheat SNP array, but the presence of rye 1RS chromosomes was confirmed. Agronomic trait assessments indicated that D27 had a higher tiller number and enhanced stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance. In addition, dough properties analysis showed that replacing 1DS led to higher viscosity and lower dough elasticity in D27, which was beneficial for cake making. In conclusion, the novel cytogenetically stable common wheat–Mexico Rye T1DL·1RS translocation line D27 offers excellent potential as outstanding germplasm in wheat breeding programs focusing on disease resistance and yield improvement. Additionally,it can be valuable for researching the rye 1RS chromosome’s genetic diversity.

Common Fixed Point Theorems for Weakly Compatible Mappings in Fuzzy Metric Spaces Using (JCLR) Property

In this paper, we prove a common fixed point theorem for a pair of weakly compatible mappings in fuzzy metric space using the joint common limit in the range property of mappings called (JCLR) property. An example is also furnished which demonstrates the validity of main result. We also extend our main result to two finite families of self mappings. Our results improve and generalize results of Cho et al. [Y. J. Cho, S. Sedghi and N. Shobe, “Generalized fixed point theorems for compatible mappings with some types in fuzzy metric spaces,” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Vol. 39, No. 5, 2009, pp. 2233-2244.] and several known results existing in the literature.

Common Fixed Point Theorems for Compatible and Weakly Compatible Maps in G-Metric Spaces

In this paper first we prove common fixed point theorems for compatible and weakly compatible maps. Secondly, we prove common fixed point theorems for weakly compatible maps along with property (E.A.) and (CLRg) property respectively.

Coincidence and Common Fixed Point of Weakly Compatible Maps in Fuzzy Metric Space

The aim of this paper is to establish some new common fixed point theorems for generalized contractive maps in fuzzy metric space by using property (E.A.), common property (E.A.), JCLRST property and CLRS property. Our results improve and extend the results of Chauhan et al. [1] and Sedghi et al. [2] besides several known results. We also furnish an illustrative example in support of our results.

Some Common Fixed Point Theorems in Menger Space

This paper consists four sections. First section is central to the text. In second section, we generalize the results of Kohli and Vashistha [1] for pairs of mappings using weakly compatible maps. Third section deals the results for pair of weakly compatible maps along with property (E.A.) using different types of control functions, which generalize the results of Kohli and Vashistha [1] and Kubiaczyk and Sharma [2]. Fourth section is concerned with results for occasionally weakly compatible maps and generalizes, extends and unifies several well known comparable results in literature.

Common Fixed Points for a Countable Family of Quasi-Contractive Mappings on a Cone Metric Space with the Convex Structure

In this paper, we consider a countable family of surjective mappings {Tn}n∈N satisfying certain quasi-contractive conditions. We also construct a convergent sequence { Xn } n c∈Nby the quasi-contractive conditions of { Tn } n ∈N and the boundary condition of a given complete and closed subset of a cone metric space X with convex structure, and then prove that the unique limit x＂ of {xn}n∈N is the unique common fixed point of {Tn}n∈N. Finally, we will give more generalized common fixed point theorem for mappings {Ti,j}i,j∈N. The main theorems in this paper generalize and improve many known common fixed point theorems for a finite or countable family of mappings with quasi-contractive conditions.

Common Fixed Points for a Countable Family of Non-self Mappings in Cone Metric Spaces with the Convex Prop erty

A new common fixed point result for a countable family of non-self mappings defined on a closed subset of a cone metric space with the convex property is obtained, and from which, a more general result is given. Our main results improve and generalize many known common fixed point theorems.

Common Fixed Point Results for Occasionally Weakly Compatible Maps in G-Symmetric Spaces

The notion of a G-symmetric space is introduced and the common fixed points for some pairs of occasionally weakly compatible maps satisfying some contractive conditions in a G-symmetric space are proved. The results extend and improve some results in literature.

Mountain Commons: Changing Space and Status at Community Levels in the Himalayas

This paper deals with the imperatives of nature-society interaction in the Himalayas as seen through CPR (Common Property Resources). It specifically looks at the process and factors that characterize the dynamics of the above interactions, with particular reference to the changing status and governance of CPRs at community levels. The paper puts together the synthesis of observations and inferences of different studies by ICIMOD and others in mountain regions, particularly in different parts of Nepal, India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, China and Pakistan. Rural CPRs (providing sustenance supplies and services) as an important component of a community’s natural resource base, manifest the institutional arrangements evolved by the communities to facilitate their adaptations to nature. The above process can be more clearly illustrated with reference to specific characteristics of mountain areas, called mountain specificities. However, over time, the situation of CPRs in terms of their extent and status, governance and management as well as contributions to community sustenance, has changed. The paper attempts toindicate potential lead lines for searching options for rehabilitation of CPRs, based on a closer under- standing of the factors contributing to their decline.

Providing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services through Common Pool Resource Management as Hybrid Institution: On Eco-Net Advances and Payments for ESS in Cultural Landscapes

In many rural areas the management of natural resources is confronted with the tragedy of the common problem;not only historically but also in modern times. Especially where biodiversity loss appears and ecosystem services (ESS) decline, the lack of public management might be related to inappropriate institutional setups. Two distinct directions of thought prevail on the subject. On one hand, proponents of property rights and minimal state intervention eagerly analyse the feat of modern institutions and view private property and payments for ecosystem services (PES) as solution. On the other hand, common pool resource management (CPM) has regained interest because nature is not a straight commodity and cooperation in ESS provision is needed (partly also to facilitate PES). In this paper, the two aspects are combined in a hybrid institution. We suggest a new way of approaching institutional questions in ESS provision as synthesis of private and publically controlled ESS provision. It is contemplated as ESS governance of local eco-nets given the potential for inclusion of public management. In principle, the result is a controlled framework of land sharing between farm land (private ownership) and communally managed?land (public ownership). Some land is devoted to hedges, wetlands, etc. Land is an immobile resource and can be used for EESs based on planned species prevalence, whereas communities compete also for labour which can move (or not). Governance is acting in competing constituencies and is a mean to control the regulating entities (public ESS management). At a meta-level we combine the need for public management with advantages of a competitive neo-classical framework. This contribution to CPM investigates a model of a group whose well-being is based on ESS provision in a cultural landscape. By statutory regulations, land (field margins), is ex-tracted from farms for ESS;in particular a leader (called reeve) guides farmers. Two institutions are compared: (1) labour in public land for ESS based farming (i.e.?it is controlled by public authority), or (2) it can migrate seeking higher rents in neighbouring communities.

Effect of Chia Seed on Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Common Carp Restructured as Functional Food

Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of restructured meat of common carp （Cyprinus carpio） fortified with 0-8 g/100 g of chia seed flour （CSF） was evaluated. It had a higher nutritional value （higher fibre content and protein retention] （p 〈 0.05） and better cooking characteristics （higher cooking yield and moisture retention） （p 〈 0.05） than the control. The colour （a＊, b＊） increased; lightness and whiteness index decrease （p 〈 0.05）. Hardness increase （p 〈 0.05） occurred because of CSF addition. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that fibre fortification did not interfere with the thermal transitions of the restructured meat. No significant differences were detected with the preference test scores of 4% or 8% CSF compared with the control. Restructured （4%-8% CSF） had a higher content of fibre and fat, which could be linoleic and linolenic acid, and an increase in the content of protein compared with those of commercial products, among had 1.62 and 2.25 mg AGE/g. Therefore, the restructured properties of common carp were governed by CSF addition.

汇聚涓涓细流:农村电商的收入效应与溢出效应研究——基于全国1809个县的证据

促进共同富裕的艰巨任务在农村、在农民,而发展农村电商是推进乡村振兴、促进收入增长、实现共同富裕的一个探索。基于2014—2020年全国1809个县以及淘宝村数据,构建面板数据固定效应模型和空间杜宾模型,分析了农村电商发展对县域农村家庭收入的直接效应及其空间溢出效应。研究发现:与非电商村相比,农村电商显著提高了农村居民的收入水平,产生的收入效应在电商发展水平较低、经济聚集程度不高的地区更大。进一步分析发现,农村电商呈现较强的空间溢出效应,且农村电商对周边地区和经济发达地区产生的溢出效应较大。国家推进电商进村应注重完善具有较好农业资源禀赋地区的公共基础设施,提高特色农产品在电商市场中的差异化竞争力;鼓励农村电商跨区域发展,提倡农村电商先行区帮扶后进地区,促进农产品和农村要素流动汇聚涓涓细流,实现互利互惠共赢、共同富裕。

中小出口跨境电商企业知识产权问题研究

中小出口跨境电商企业在开展跨境业务的过程中,面对知识产权问题屡屡碰壁,这对企业的运营产生负面影响甚至产生严重威胁,知识产权侵权及被侵权问题越来越成为中小出口跨境电商企业“头疼”的问题。为降低中小出口跨境电商企业的产权风险,政府应积极完善产权的制度环境,跨境电商行业协会应发挥产权专业服务的突出作用,企业自身应提升产权规划的能力,三方面形成合力。

共同富裕背景下我国农村电商物流发展问题与对策

农村电商物流的发展在一定程度上打破了地理位置和运输条件对于农产品销售的限制,有助于拉动农村经济、实现农民增收、缩小城乡差距,是实现共同富裕的重要支撑。现阶段,我国农村电商物流仍存在基础设施薄弱、信息化专业化水平低、电商物流专业人才缺少等问题。因此,应进一步加快农村电商物流的基础设施建设、促进农村电商物流的转型升级、培育农村电商物流领域专业人才等,以此推动我国农村电商物流产业高质量发展,推动共同富裕目标的实现。

甜荞全谷物粉对小麦面团流变特性及鲜湿面条品质的影响

本实验探究并分析甜荞全谷物粉对小麦面团流变学特性及鲜湿面条质构特性、水分分布、蛋白质二级结构及分子质量分布、微观结构和色泽的影响。结果表明:当甜荞全谷物粉添加量为30%时,面团具有较高的G’(5.3×10^(5) Pa),且tanδ值达到最小值0.50;在此添加量下,鲜湿面条弹性达到最大值(0.97),α-螺旋相对含量最高(28.30%),面条内部的微观结构更加致密均匀。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果显示,随甜荞全谷物粉的添加量增加,荞麦蛋白特有的亚基条带也随之加深。与对照组相比,甜荞全谷物粉可使部分紧密结合水向弱结合水和自由水状态迁移,且随添加量的增加,面条L*值显著下降,a*和b*值均不同程度地提高,整体呈红黄色。综上所述,当甜荞全谷物粉添加量为30%时,可赋予鲜湿面条良好的机械性能及加工品质。

安阳市农村居民财产性收入增收路径研究

提高农村居民财产性收入,对于实现乡村振兴,缩小城乡差距,实现共同富裕目标都有重要的意义。通过实地调查和查找相关数据文献,运用描述性统计方法,发现受安阳市农村居民整体收入水平低、年龄结构不合理、受教育程度普遍较低、理财知识和理财产品匮乏、农户持有的收益性财产数量有限以及土地流转机制尚不完善等因素的影响,城乡居民之间、农村居民地区之间可支配收入差距较大,农村居民财产性收入占比较低、增速较慢、收入来源单一。为了提高农村居民财产性收入,应当优化农村产业结构,鼓励农户自主创业,加强对农民的教育培训,创新农地和宅基地流转方式,加快农村信息化建设和完善农村金融市场。

江苏企业参与“一带一路”跨境电商高质量发展建设中知识产权风险防范及对策研究

跨境电商正在国际贸易中扮演越来越重要的角色,然而在全球范围内尚未形成统一的跨境电商国际规则。中国应借此发展机遇,发挥在该领域的核心优势,争取成为跨境电商行业标准和规则的制定者,这也是中国参与全球治理的重要领域之一。对中国企业来说,在参与“一带一路”跨境电商建设中涉及侵犯专利权、著作权、商标权等知识产权的产品和行为越来越多。只有尽早掌握知识产权规则,积极了解国内外跨境电商中知识产权保护现状以及知识产权存在的问题和表现形式,正视和重视知识产权的重要性,才能拿起武器保护自己,规避风险,在电商平台上占得一席之地。本研究课题旨在梳理跨境电商领域知识产权存在的典型问题,为江苏企业防控知识产权风险提供对策与建议,也可为相关部门在当前背景下进行知识产权保护研究提供参考和借鉴。

农村电商、农村居民就业与共同富裕

现阶段促进共同富裕最艰巨最繁重的任务在农村。农村电商有望通过促进农村居民就业和增收助力共同富裕的实现。基于2014—2020年共同富裕示范区浙江的县域数据,利用双向固定效应模型,实证检验农村电商与城乡居民收入之间的关系,探究农村电商在促进共同富裕中的作用。研究发现,农村电商在促进农村居民增收方面作用显著,但因其带来的农村居民收入增量小于同期城镇居民收入增量,其在缩小城乡居民收入差距方面的作用暂未显露。不过,由于农村电商能够促使农村居民收入相对于城镇居民实现更快增速,其促进共同富裕的潜力是明确的。机制分析结果表明,农村电商能够带动农村居民就业特别是其在非农产业的就业,使之增加经营性和工资性收入,助力共同富裕。异质性分析结果表明,农村电商对农村居民收入的提升作用在农业占比和经济发展水平高的地区更显著,在山区不显著。为更好地发挥农村电商对共同富裕的促进作用,应充分发挥政府引领作用,促进有为政府与有效市场的结合,营造农村电商发展良好环境;加快发展农村电商,特别是经济发展水平较低地区的农村电商,充分发挥农村电商促农增收作用;发展数字经济,推动农业高质量发展,鼓励农村发展多元化特色产业,夯实农村电商发展基础。