Fiber optic monitoring of an anti-slide pile in a retrogressive landslide

Anti-slide piles are one of the most important reinforcement structures against landslides,and evalu-ating the working conditions is of great significance for landslide mitigation.The widely adopted analytical methods of pile internal forces include cantilever beam method and elastic foundation beam method.However,due to many assumptions involved in calculation,the analytical models cannot be fully applicable to complex site situations,e.g.landslides with multi-sliding surfaces and pile-soil interface separation as discussed herein.In view of this,the combination of distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS)and strain-internal force conversion methods was proposed to evaluate the working conditions of an anti-sliding pile in a typical retrogressive landslide in the Three Gorges reservoir area,China.Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry(BOTDR)was utilized to monitor the strain distri-bution along the pile.Next,by analyzing the relative deformation between the pile and its adjacent inclinometer,the pile-soil interface separation was profiled.Finally,the internal forces of the anti-slide pile were derived based on the strain-internal force conversion method.According to the ratio of calculated internal forces to the design values,the working conditions of the anti-slide pile could be evaluated.The results demonstrated that the proposed method could reveal the deformation pattern of the anti-slide pile system,and can quantitatively evaluate its working conditions.

Centrifuge and numerical modeling of h-type anti-slide pile reinforced soil-rock mixture slope

Due to the loose structure,high porosity and high permeability of soil-rock mixture slope,the slope is unstable and may cause huge economic losses and casualties.The h-type anti-slide pile is regarded as an effective means to prevent the instability of soilrock mixture slope.In this paper,a centrifuge model test was conducted to investigate the stress distribution of the h-type anti-slide pile and the evolution process of soil arching during the loading.A numerical simulation model was built based on the similar relationship between the centrifuge model and the prototype to investigate the influence factors of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness,and some recommendations were proposed for its application.The results show that the bending moment distribution of the rear pile exhibits Wshaped,while for the front pile,its distribution resembles V-shaped.The soil arching evolution process during loading is gradually dissipated from bottom to top and from far to near.During the loading,the change of bending moment can be divided into three stages,namely,the stabilization stage,the slow growth stage,and the rapid growth stage.In engineering projects,the recommended values of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness are 4.0d,2.0d,and 2.0EI,where d and EI are the diameter and bending stiffness of the h-type anti-slide pile respectively.

Anchoring Depth Research of Anti-Slide Piles of Anchor Bar in Soil

The model test result of earth force in the side of anti-slide pile of anchor bars was introduced.There are three groups of the tests.The loads were on the back side of the slope in two groups.The other one was loaded just behind the pile by the jack.In order to get the force of the soil,some earth-pressure boxes were used to get the earth pressure on the side of the piles.The part of the max pressure and the earth pressure was mainly focused under the slip line

Shaking table test for reinforcement of soil slope with multiple sliding surfaces by reinforced double-row anti-slide piles

Despite the continuous advancements of engineering construction in high-intensity areas,many engineering landslides are still manufactured with huge thrust force,and double-row piles are effective to control such large landslides.In this study,large shaking table test were performed to test and obtain multi-attribute seismic data such as feature image,acceleration,and dynamic soil pressure.Through the feature image processing analysis,the deformation characteristics for the slope reinforced by double-row piles were revealed.By analyzing the acceleration and the dynamic soil pressure time domain,the spatial dynamic response characteristics were revealed.Using Fast Fourier Transform and half-power bandwidth,the damping ratio of acceleration and dynamic soil pressure was obtained.Following that,the Seism Signal was used to calculate the spectral displacement of the accelerations to obtain the regional differences of spectral displacement.The results showed that the overall deformation mechanism of the slope originates from tension failure in the soil mass.The platform at the back of the slope was caused by seismic subsidence,and the peak acceleration ratio was positively correlated with the relative pile heights.The dynamic soil pressure of the front row piles showed an inverted"K"-shaped distribution,but that of the back row piles showed an"S"-shaped distribution.The predominant frequency of acceleration was 2.16 Hz,and the main frequency band was 0.7-6.87 Hz;for dynamic soil pressure,the two parameters became 1.15 Hz and 0.5-6.59 Hz,respectively.In conclusion,dynamic soil pressure was more sensitive to dampening effects than acceleration.Besides,compared to acceleration,dynamic soil pressure exhibited larger loss factors and lower resonance peaks.Finally,back row pile heads were highly sensitive to spectral displacement compared to front row pile heads.These findings may be of reference value for future seismic designs of double-row piles.

New method of designing anti-slide piles——the strength reduction FEM

At present,the thrust of an anti-slide pile can be worked out with some calculation methods. However,the resistance in front of the pile,the distributions of resistance and thrust,and appropriate pile length cannot be easily obtained. In this paper,the authors applied the strength-reduction finite element method (FEM) to several design cases of anti-slide piles. Using this method,it is possible to take the pile-soil interactions into consideration,obtain reasonable resistance in front of pile and the distributions of thrust and resistance,and reasonable lengths of anti-slide piles. In particular,the thrust and resistance imposed on embedded anti-slide piles can be calculated and composite anti-slide pile structures such as anchored piles and braced piles can be optimized. It is proved through the calculation examples that this method is more reliable and economical in the design of anti-slide pile.

Pre-Stressed Rope Reinforced Anti-Sliding Pile

Pre-stressed rope reinforced anti-sliding pile is a composite anti-sliding structure. It is made up of pre-stressed rope and general anti-sliding pile. It can bring traditional anti-sliding pile＇s retaining performance into full play, and to treat with landslide fast and economically. The difference between them is that the pre-stressed rope will transfix the whole anti- sliding pile through a prearranged pipe in this structure. The working mechanics, the design method and economic benefit are studied. The results show that the pre-stressed rope reinforced anti-sliding pile can treat with the small and middle landslides or high slopes well and possess the notable advantage of technology and economic.

Study on distribution rule of sliding pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force acting on anti-sliding pile

Anti-slide pile is one of the important methods to administer landslide geological disaster because of its advantages.It plays important role in administering landslide.It is a premise of reasonable economy and technological advance to know the distribution rule and feature of the force between anti-sliding pile and surrounding rock.To determine the sliding force and remnant resistant sliding force,according to need of study,this paper sets up the geological model and mechanics model in term of a typical landslide,and analyzes the effect rule of sliding body distortion,strength and gravity to the pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force by use of the numerical model.The distribution rule of pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force of the type of landslide is given.

Experimental study on seismic reinforcement of bridge foundation on silty clay landslide with inclined interlayer

A shaking table test for a bridge foundation reinforced by anti-slide piles on a silty clay landslide model with an inclined interlayer was performed.The deformation characteristics of the bridge foundation piles and anti-slide piles were analyzed in different loading conditions.The dynamic response law of a silty clay landslide with an inclined interlayer was summarized.The spacing between the rear anti-slide piles and bridge foundation should be reasonably controlled according to the seismic fortification requirements,to avoid the two peaks in the forced deformation of the bridge foundation piles.The“blocking effect”of the bridge foundation piles reduced the deformation of the forward anti-slide piles.The stress-strain response of silty clay was intensified as the vibration wave field appeared on the slope.Since the vibration intensified,the thrust distribution of the landslide underwent a process of shifting from triangle to inverted trapezoid,the difference in the acceleration response between the bearing platform and silty clay landslide tended to decrease,and the spectrum amplitude near the natural vibration frequency increased.The rear anti-slide piles were able to slow down the shear deformation of the soil in front of the piles and avoid excessive acceleration response of the bridge foundation piles.

防洪工程冲孔灌注桩常见施工问题分析

为了探究防洪工程冲孔灌注桩施工问题及处理措施,以福建省三明市沙溪流域防洪工程为例进行分析,并对该工程部分冲孔灌注桩进行超声波透射检测。结果显示,HH0+518.39号桩和HH0+619.29号桩的声速分别为5.2和5.5km/s,波幅分别为1 200和1 180pV,且二者的功率谱密度均未发生变化,表明HH0+518.39号桩和HH0+619.29号桩均不存在缺陷,为Ⅰ类桩。而其他桩的声速、波幅及功率谱密度均在相应位置发生突变,表明其他桩均存在一定缺陷。

Dynamic response of a slope reinforced by double-row antisliding piles and pre-stressed anchor cables

Large-scale shaking table tests were conducted to study the dynamic response of a slope reinforced by double-row anti-sliding piles and prestressed anchor cables. The test results show that the reinforcement suppressed the acceleration amplification effectively. The axial force time histories are decomposed into a baseline part and a vibration part in this study. The baseline part of axial force well revealed the seismic slope stability, the peak vibration values of axial force of the anchor cables changed significantly in different area of the slope under seismic excitations. The peak lateral earth pressure acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope toe was much larger than that acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope waist. The test results indicate an obvious load sharing ratio difference between these two anti-slide piles, the load sharing ratio between the two anti-sliding piles located at the slope toe and the slope waist varied mainly in a range of 2-5. The anti-slide pile at the slope waist suppressed the horizontal displacement of the slope surface.

Shaking Table Tests on Bridge Foundation Reinforced by Antislide Piles on Slope

Based on the requirement of seismic reinforcement of bridge foundation on slope in the Chengdu-Lanzhou railway project,a shaking table model test of anti-slide pile protecting bridge foundation in landslide section is designed and completed. By applying Wenchuan seismic waves with different acceleration peaks,the stress and deformation characteristics of bridge pile foundation and anti-slide pile are analyzed,and the failure mode is discussed. Results show that the dynamic response of bridge pile and anti-slide pile are affected by the peak value of seismic acceleration of earthquake,with which the stress and deformation of the structure increase. The maximum dynamic earth pressure and the moment of anti-slide piles are located near the sliding surface,while that of bridge piles are located at the top of the pile. Based on the dynamic response of structure,local reinforcement needs to be carried out to meet the requirement of the seismic design. The PGA amplification factor of the surface is greater than the inside,and it decreases with the increase of the input seismic acceleration peak. When the slope failure occurs,the tension cracks are mainly produced in the shallow sliding zone and the coarse particles at the foot of the slope are accumulated.

3-D Simulation Study on Seismic Response of Bridge Piles in Landslide

The anti-slide support structure is widely used in the anti-seismic reinforcement of bridge foundations,but related experimental research was processing slowly. Based on the prototype of the Jiuzhaigou bridge at the Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway,a 3-D simulation model was established on the basis of the shaking table model test,and the rationality of the dynamic analysis model was verified by indicators such as the bending moment of the bridge piles,peak soil pressure,and PGA amplification factors. The results show that the inertia force of the bridge pier has an important influence on the deformation of the pile foundation. The bending moment and shearing force are larger in lateral bridge piles,and the maximum value is near the pile top. The PGA amplification factor is stronger in the back of the rear anti-slide piles and so is it in front of the bridge pier,and the soil is prone to slip and damage. The bedrock is rigid and the dynamic response is maintained at a low level. The anti-slide piles in the rear row play a major role in the anti-seismic reinforcement design,and the anti-slide piles in the front row can be used as an auxiliary support structure.

Limit analysis on seismic stability of anisotropic and nonhomogeneous slopes with anti-slide piles

This study employs the limit analysis method to evaluate the seismic stability of anisotropic and nonhomogeneous slopes stabilized with anti-slide piles. The pseudo-static approach is used to simplify the earthquake load. The yield seismic acceleration factor is obtained from the optimization procedure and the results are verified with the published data. Then, the seismically-unstable slope is reinforced with anti-slide piles, and the seismic stability of the reinforced slope is explored. The results show that the anisotropy and nonhomogeneity of soils have significant effects on the stabilizing force required from the anti-slide piles and the optimal location of the pile is near the toe of the slope.

基于强夯的地基处理组合技术应用研究

针对传统大型物流仓储地基处理技术在工期、成本、环保等方面存在的局限,提出了普通强夯联合CFG桩、孔内强夯碎石桩与孔内强夯碎石桩联合CFG桩3种基于强夯的地基处理组合技术,给出了具体的工艺参数与加固机理,并通过实际工程对其处理效果进行了验证。工程应用结果表明:地基处理组合新技术在上部填土(淤泥质土)厚度小于10 m、上部填土(淤泥质土)厚度小于10 m且下部10~20 m范围内为软弱夹层的地层处理中具有良好的应用效果;孔内强夯碎石桩在挤密桩间土的同时形成竖向排水通道,加速孔隙水压力消散;采用3种地基处理组合技术处理后,地基承载力特征值均大于100 kPa, 5 a工后沉降均小于20 mm。

低应变法桩身完整性检测工程实例分析

论文通过大直径钻孔灌注桩和突变地层中预制管桩的两个实例,总结了低应变法检测中出现共性问题。不能明确桩身完整性类别时,要结合岩土工程勘察报告、设计图纸、施工记录、监理日志等资料来进行综合分析;同时根据实际情况采用静载法、钻芯法、高应变法、开挖、孔内摄像等方法进行验证检测,才能有效避免误判,得出准确的检测结论。

房建施工中泥浆护壁钻孔灌注桩施工质量控制

为改善传统灌注桩施工质量较低的问题,本文开展了对泥浆护壁钻孔灌注桩施工质量控制方法的全面研究。通过优化浆液配合比、设计灌注桩垂直度与深度、控制泥浆护壁钻孔作业质量、灌注桩成桩保护,提出了一种全新的灌注桩施工质量控制方法,并制定了质量通病防治措施。实例分析可知,新的控制方法能够显著提升灌注桩竖向抗压承载力。

公路工程钻孔桩灌注混凝土质量通病及防治措施研究

为提高公路工程钻孔桩施工效果,加强对灌注混凝土质量通病的防治,文章具体分析了钻孔桩在灌注混凝土工序环节中存在的导管进水、钢筋笼上浮、导管堵管等质量通病,深入探讨了形成质量问题的原因,并在此基础上提出了对各类质量通病的有效防治措施,旨在预防和减少质量问题,为公路工程基础施工质量提供保障。

长沙高铁会展新城片区基坑工程常见病害处理方案分析

长沙高铁会展新城是长沙城市副中心,片区正处于飞速发展阶段。文章针对片区开发建设过程中基坑工程易出现的围护桩侵限、灌注桩塌孔等现象,结合片区具体工程案例,分析了长沙高铁会展新城砂卵石-粉质黏土层交界处基坑工程病害原因,并提出了砂卵石-粉质黏土地层围护桩侵限处理、灌注桩塌孔处理及迎水面保护层厚度超宽处理的具体实施方案,以供参考。

锚杆抗滑桩与普通抗滑桩加固黄土滑坡的对比试验研究

通过开展3组不同桩锚结构(普通抗滑桩、锚杆抗滑桩)加固黄土滑坡的模型试验,测得不同桩锚模型的土体抗力、桩身弯矩及锚杆的应变,对不同结构形式的锚杆抗滑桩的受力形式、内力分布及破坏模式进行对比分析。结果表明:黄土滑坡防治中,锚杆抗滑桩受力结构呈"S"曲线状,桩顶位移平顺延续,土体抗力及桩身弯矩分布更均匀;增加桩顶锚杆排数,可以增大抗滑力;普通抗滑桩的破坏模式主要为塑性单铰破坏,锚杆抗滑桩主要为塑性单铰(或双铰)破坏,锚杆主要为弯剪-滑移破坏,桩周土主要为土拱塑性破坏。研究结果可为黄土滑坡防治中锚杆抗滑桩的设计理论提供技术支撑。

路堤荷载下Y形桩与常规桩型对比研究

研究目的:利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,建立Y形桩、圆形桩和方形桩三种桩型的有限元计算模型,桩采用弹性模型,土体采用Mohr-Coulomb弹塑性模型。在相同布桩方式和相同面积置换率工况下,研究在路堤荷载分级加载过程中,三种桩型的盖板顶沉降、桩间土沉降、盖板顶和桩间土差异沉降、盖板顶平均应力、桩底平均应力等的变化规律。研究结论:通过对比得知:在相同荷载作用下,圆形桩盖板顶产生的沉降最大,其次为方形桩、Y形桩;圆形桩桩间土产生的沉降最大,方形桩前期大于Y形桩,之后又小于Y形桩;盖板顶与桩间土差异沉降基本呈现圆形桩最大,其次为Y形桩、方形桩;盖板顶和桩底平均应力,呈现方形桩最大,其次为圆形桩、Y形桩。