Nitrogen(N)fertilization affects grain quality in common buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench).But the effects of N fertilizer on various buckwheat protein parameters are not fully understood.This study aimed to inve...Nitrogen(N)fertilization affects grain quality in common buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench).But the effects of N fertilizer on various buckwheat protein parameters are not fully understood.This study aimed to investigate the synthesis,accumulation,and quality of buckwheat protein under four N application rates in the Loess Plateau,China.Optimal N application(180 kg N ha-1)improved yield,agronomic traits,and N transport and increased protein yield and protein component accumulation.Prolamin and glutelin accumulation first increased and then decreased with increasing N application.The relationships between the contents of protein components and the amount of applied N generally followed quadratic functions.Nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities first increased and then decreased with increasing N levels.Optimal N fertilizer increased the waterholding capacity and thermal stability of buckwheat protein and reduced its emulsification capacity,but negligibly changed its oil-absorption capacity.Hydrophobic amino acids and glutelin content were the main factors affecting protein quality.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of induced concen- tration and time of EMS on seed germination of common buckwheat. [Method] The seeds of Jinqiaomai No.3, a common buckwheat cultivar, were used...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of induced concen- tration and time of EMS on seed germination of common buckwheat. [Method] The seeds of Jinqiaomai No.3, a common buckwheat cultivar, were used as the test material, and their germination was induced by different concentrations of EMS un- der different induced times. The germination rate, germination vigor, relative germi- nation rate and relative germination vigor of Jinqiaomai No.3 were measured. [Re- sult] With increased induced concentration and time of EMS, the germination rate, germination vigor, relative germination rate and relative germination vigor of Jinqiao- mai No.3 were all trended to be decreased. For Jinqiaomai No.3, the optima in- duced concentration and time of EMS was 1.0% and 4 h, respectively, and the lethal concentration was 1.7%. [Conclusion] The induced concentration and time of EMS all showed significant effects on seed germination of Jinqiaomai No.3.展开更多
Selenium(Se)deficiency commonly occurs in soils of northeastern China and leads to insufficient Se intake by humans.A two-year field study of Se biofortification of common buckwheat supplied with 40 g Se ha^(-1)as sel...Selenium(Se)deficiency commonly occurs in soils of northeastern China and leads to insufficient Se intake by humans.A two-year field study of Se biofortification of common buckwheat supplied with 40 g Se ha^(-1)as selenite(Se(IV)),selenate(Se(VI)),or a combination(1/2 Se(IV+VI))was performed to investigate Se accumulation and translocation in plants and determine the effects of different forms of Se on the grain yield,biomass production,and Se use efficiency of plants and seeds.Se application increased seed Se concentrations to 47.1–265.1μg kg^(-1).Seed Se concentrations following Se(VI)or 1/2 Se(IV+VI)treatment exceeded 100μg kg^(-1),an amount suitable for crop Se biofortification.Se concentration in shoots and roots decreased with plant development,and Se translocation from root to shoot in Se(IV)-treated plants was lower than that in plants treated with 1/2 Se(IV+VI)and Se(VI).Both grain yield and biomass production increased under 1/2 Se(IV+VI)treatment,with grain yields reaching 1663.8 and 1558.5 kg ha^(-1)in 2015 and 2016,respectively,reflecting increases of 11.0% and 10.3% over those without Se application.The Se use efficiency of seeds and plants under Se(VI)treatment was significantly higher than those under 1/2 Se(IV+VI)and Se(IV)treatments.Thus,application of selenate could result in higher Se accumulation in buckwheat seeds than application of the other Se sources,but the combined application of selenate and selenite might be an alternative approach for improving buckwheat grain yield by Se biofortification in northeastern China.展开更多
Common buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum),a specialty crop in southwest China,is not only used as a supplement to primary grain crops but also to produce beverages,such as tea and wine.To fully exploit the products made ...Common buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum),a specialty crop in southwest China,is not only used as a supplement to primary grain crops but also to produce beverages,such as tea and wine.To fully exploit the products made from common buckwheat flower,ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC–ESI–MS/MS)was conducted to analyze the metabolites in red-(‘Guihong 2’)and white-flowered(‘Fengtian 1’)buckwheat cultivars.A total of 784 metabolites were identified of which flavonoids were the largest group with 191 components,followed by organic acids and derivatives(126),and amino acids and derivatives(95).Besides,dozens of phenylpropanoids,nucleotides and derivates,lipids,alkaloids as well as several kinds of indole derivatives and sterides were detected.Among these rich varieties of metabolites,24 metabolites were only detected in the red flower that mainly included 8 anthocyanins and 6 flavones,while 22 metabolites were only detected in the white flower,which mainly contained 5 lipids,5 flavonoids,and 5 organic acids and derivatives.Our results enrich the metabolites’information of buckwheat and may be helpful for the exploitation of products from common buckwheat flowers.展开更多
[Objective]The study aimed to carry out RAPD analysis of genetic diversity of common and tartary buckwheat varieties.[Method] The genetic diversity of 19 common and tartary buckwheat varieties including the tested var...[Objective]The study aimed to carry out RAPD analysis of genetic diversity of common and tartary buckwheat varieties.[Method] The genetic diversity of 19 common and tartary buckwheat varieties including the tested varieties in Guizhou region during 1999-2010 and their parents were studied using 7 primers by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD).[Result]A total of 149 DNA bands were obtained.In which,141 bands were polymorphic,accounting for 94.89%.Polymorphism analysis and cluster analysis showed that all varieties had their own special bands different from each other.The varieties native to Weining were close to each other,and other common buckwheat varieties were obviously different from each other.The interspecific genetic variation was the greatest;the intraspecific genetic variation of common buckwheat varieties was greater than that of tartary buckwheat varieties.[Conclusion]The RAPD fingerprints of the 19 buckwheat varieties were established in present study.展开更多
膳食补硒是人类摄入硒的主要途径,通过硒生物强化技术能有效提高作物硒含量。本研究以甜荞品种西农9976为试验材料,亚硒酸钠为硒源,采用大田试验,设置纯硒施用量0(Se0)、5(Se5)和20 g hm^(-2)(Se20)3个水平。于2020—2021年连续两个作...膳食补硒是人类摄入硒的主要途径,通过硒生物强化技术能有效提高作物硒含量。本研究以甜荞品种西农9976为试验材料,亚硒酸钠为硒源,采用大田试验,设置纯硒施用量0(Se0)、5(Se5)和20 g hm^(-2)(Se20)3个水平。于2020—2021年连续两个作物生长季,研究不同外源硒浓度下甜荞光合特性、干物质积累与转运、农艺性状及产量的变化规律及其对各器官硒含量、硒转运因子及籽粒硒利用率的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施亚硒酸钠使甜荞叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)较对照平均增加13.12%、11.50%、5.48%、5.95%和5.77%,改善了叶片光合物质生产能力;喷硒处理显著增加甜荞叶片光系统Ⅱ的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSII))及光化学淬灭系数(qp),降低非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ),使其增强对光能的捕获及转化能力,减少无效光能损失,提高对高光的利用能力。两个施硒量下,甜荞茎部和叶部的干物质积累量较Se0处理显著上升而分配比例显著下降;籽粒的干物质积累量和分配比例均得到提高;茎部和叶部的干物质转运量、移动率和对籽粒的贡献率分别在Se5和Se20浓度下出现最大值。喷硒处理使甜荞千粒重、单株粒数和产量较对照分别提高3.1%~11.3%、13.5%~32.0%和4.9%~23.2%。甜荞各部位硒含量和转运因子在Se20处理下出现最大值,而籽粒硒的利用率在Se5处理下较高。综上所述,叶面喷施亚硒酸钠能改善甜荞光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数,增加各器官干物质积累量,并促进干物质向籽粒转运,从而提高甜荞籽粒产量。此外,叶面喷硒后甜荞各部位硒含量显著提高,Se5处理下荞麦籽粒硒利用率最高,且籽粒硒含量符合国家谷物富硒标准,适合于黄土高原地区推广使用。展开更多
SGT1(suppressor of the G2 allele of skp1)作为skp1-4的抑制因子,在植物的非生物胁迫响应中具有重要作用。根据甜荞干旱胁迫下的转录组学和蛋白质组学分析,我们克隆出一个与甜荞耐旱性状相关的候选基因FeSGT1。生物信息学分析表明FeS...SGT1(suppressor of the G2 allele of skp1)作为skp1-4的抑制因子,在植物的非生物胁迫响应中具有重要作用。根据甜荞干旱胁迫下的转录组学和蛋白质组学分析,我们克隆出一个与甜荞耐旱性状相关的候选基因FeSGT1。生物信息学分析表明FeSGT1包含一个1086 bp开放阅读框(ORF),编码361个氨基酸,具有3个(TPR、CS和SGS)保守结构域。进化分析表明,FeSGT1与藜麦CqSGT1(XP_021726759.1)、甜菜BvSGT1(XP_010671588.1)和菠菜SoSGT1(XP_021839743.1)亲缘关系较近。亚细胞定位初步显示FeSGT1蛋白定位于细胞膜上。qRT-PCR分析发现FeSGT1在干旱胁迫24 h内表达呈现上调趋势。在盐、低温(4℃)胁迫和ABA处理下,FeSGT1基因表达在12 h达到高峰,24 h后开始下降。在拟南芥中过表达FeSGT1基因发现,在干旱和盐胁迫下,转基因植株的发芽率、根长、鲜重和存活率显著提高,丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量明显降低,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高。过表达FeSGT1显著增强了转基因拟南芥植株的耐旱和耐盐能力,为深入研究FeSGT1基因调控甜荞抗旱分子机制奠定了基础。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1000805-03)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671631)。
文摘Nitrogen(N)fertilization affects grain quality in common buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench).But the effects of N fertilizer on various buckwheat protein parameters are not fully understood.This study aimed to investigate the synthesis,accumulation,and quality of buckwheat protein under four N application rates in the Loess Plateau,China.Optimal N application(180 kg N ha-1)improved yield,agronomic traits,and N transport and increased protein yield and protein component accumulation.Prolamin and glutelin accumulation first increased and then decreased with increasing N application.The relationships between the contents of protein components and the amount of applied N generally followed quadratic functions.Nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities first increased and then decreased with increasing N levels.Optimal N fertilizer increased the waterholding capacity and thermal stability of buckwheat protein and reduced its emulsification capacity,but negligibly changed its oil-absorption capacity.Hydrophobic amino acids and glutelin content were the main factors affecting protein quality.
基金Supported by Key Scientific and Technological Project of Shanxi Province(20140311005-3)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of induced concen- tration and time of EMS on seed germination of common buckwheat. [Method] The seeds of Jinqiaomai No.3, a common buckwheat cultivar, were used as the test material, and their germination was induced by different concentrations of EMS un- der different induced times. The germination rate, germination vigor, relative germi- nation rate and relative germination vigor of Jinqiaomai No.3 were measured. [Re- sult] With increased induced concentration and time of EMS, the germination rate, germination vigor, relative germination rate and relative germination vigor of Jinqiao- mai No.3 were all trended to be decreased. For Jinqiaomai No.3, the optima in- duced concentration and time of EMS was 1.0% and 4 h, respectively, and the lethal concentration was 1.7%. [Conclusion] The induced concentration and time of EMS all showed significant effects on seed germination of Jinqiaomai No.3.
基金provided by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-08-B-1)by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201503121-11)the China Scholarship Council for providing a graduate research fellowship to Y.Jiang as a joint Ph.D.student at Colorado State University for one year(201606350049)
文摘Selenium(Se)deficiency commonly occurs in soils of northeastern China and leads to insufficient Se intake by humans.A two-year field study of Se biofortification of common buckwheat supplied with 40 g Se ha^(-1)as selenite(Se(IV)),selenate(Se(VI)),or a combination(1/2 Se(IV+VI))was performed to investigate Se accumulation and translocation in plants and determine the effects of different forms of Se on the grain yield,biomass production,and Se use efficiency of plants and seeds.Se application increased seed Se concentrations to 47.1–265.1μg kg^(-1).Seed Se concentrations following Se(VI)or 1/2 Se(IV+VI)treatment exceeded 100μg kg^(-1),an amount suitable for crop Se biofortification.Se concentration in shoots and roots decreased with plant development,and Se translocation from root to shoot in Se(IV)-treated plants was lower than that in plants treated with 1/2 Se(IV+VI)and Se(VI).Both grain yield and biomass production increased under 1/2 Se(IV+VI)treatment,with grain yields reaching 1663.8 and 1558.5 kg ha^(-1)in 2015 and 2016,respectively,reflecting increases of 11.0% and 10.3% over those without Se application.The Se use efficiency of seeds and plants under Se(VI)treatment was significantly higher than those under 1/2 Se(IV+VI)and Se(IV)treatments.Thus,application of selenate could result in higher Se accumulation in buckwheat seeds than application of the other Se sources,but the combined application of selenate and selenite might be an alternative approach for improving buckwheat grain yield by Se biofortification in northeastern China.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Project of Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Provincial People’s Government(U1812401)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(QianKeHeJiChu[2020]1Y095)+3 种基金Guizhou provincial department of education youth science and technology talent growth project(Qianjiaohe KY Zi[2018]128)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701494,31760419)the Initial Fund for Doctor Research in Guizhou Normal University(11904/0516026)the Earmarked Fund for construction of the Key Laboratory for Conservation and Innovation of Buckwheat Germplasm in Guizhou(QianJiaoHe KY Zi[2017]002).
文摘Common buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum),a specialty crop in southwest China,is not only used as a supplement to primary grain crops but also to produce beverages,such as tea and wine.To fully exploit the products made from common buckwheat flower,ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC–ESI–MS/MS)was conducted to analyze the metabolites in red-(‘Guihong 2’)and white-flowered(‘Fengtian 1’)buckwheat cultivars.A total of 784 metabolites were identified of which flavonoids were the largest group with 191 components,followed by organic acids and derivatives(126),and amino acids and derivatives(95).Besides,dozens of phenylpropanoids,nucleotides and derivates,lipids,alkaloids as well as several kinds of indole derivatives and sterides were detected.Among these rich varieties of metabolites,24 metabolites were only detected in the red flower that mainly included 8 anthocyanins and 6 flavones,while 22 metabolites were only detected in the white flower,which mainly contained 5 lipids,5 flavonoids,and 5 organic acids and derivatives.Our results enrich the metabolites’information of buckwheat and may be helpful for the exploitation of products from common buckwheat flowers.
基金Supported by Special Project of Guizhou Animal and Plant Breeding(QianNongYuZhuanZi[2010]023)Natural Science Foundation of China(31060207)Key Project of Guizhou Agriculture(QianKeHe NY Zi[2010]3094)~~
文摘[Objective]The study aimed to carry out RAPD analysis of genetic diversity of common and tartary buckwheat varieties.[Method] The genetic diversity of 19 common and tartary buckwheat varieties including the tested varieties in Guizhou region during 1999-2010 and their parents were studied using 7 primers by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD).[Result]A total of 149 DNA bands were obtained.In which,141 bands were polymorphic,accounting for 94.89%.Polymorphism analysis and cluster analysis showed that all varieties had their own special bands different from each other.The varieties native to Weining were close to each other,and other common buckwheat varieties were obviously different from each other.The interspecific genetic variation was the greatest;the intraspecific genetic variation of common buckwheat varieties was greater than that of tartary buckwheat varieties.[Conclusion]The RAPD fingerprints of the 19 buckwheat varieties were established in present study.
文摘膳食补硒是人类摄入硒的主要途径,通过硒生物强化技术能有效提高作物硒含量。本研究以甜荞品种西农9976为试验材料,亚硒酸钠为硒源,采用大田试验,设置纯硒施用量0(Se0)、5(Se5)和20 g hm^(-2)(Se20)3个水平。于2020—2021年连续两个作物生长季,研究不同外源硒浓度下甜荞光合特性、干物质积累与转运、农艺性状及产量的变化规律及其对各器官硒含量、硒转运因子及籽粒硒利用率的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施亚硒酸钠使甜荞叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)较对照平均增加13.12%、11.50%、5.48%、5.95%和5.77%,改善了叶片光合物质生产能力;喷硒处理显著增加甜荞叶片光系统Ⅱ的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSII))及光化学淬灭系数(qp),降低非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ),使其增强对光能的捕获及转化能力,减少无效光能损失,提高对高光的利用能力。两个施硒量下,甜荞茎部和叶部的干物质积累量较Se0处理显著上升而分配比例显著下降;籽粒的干物质积累量和分配比例均得到提高;茎部和叶部的干物质转运量、移动率和对籽粒的贡献率分别在Se5和Se20浓度下出现最大值。喷硒处理使甜荞千粒重、单株粒数和产量较对照分别提高3.1%~11.3%、13.5%~32.0%和4.9%~23.2%。甜荞各部位硒含量和转运因子在Se20处理下出现最大值,而籽粒硒的利用率在Se5处理下较高。综上所述,叶面喷施亚硒酸钠能改善甜荞光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数,增加各器官干物质积累量,并促进干物质向籽粒转运,从而提高甜荞籽粒产量。此外,叶面喷硒后甜荞各部位硒含量显著提高,Se5处理下荞麦籽粒硒利用率最高,且籽粒硒含量符合国家谷物富硒标准,适合于黄土高原地区推广使用。
文摘SGT1(suppressor of the G2 allele of skp1)作为skp1-4的抑制因子,在植物的非生物胁迫响应中具有重要作用。根据甜荞干旱胁迫下的转录组学和蛋白质组学分析,我们克隆出一个与甜荞耐旱性状相关的候选基因FeSGT1。生物信息学分析表明FeSGT1包含一个1086 bp开放阅读框(ORF),编码361个氨基酸,具有3个(TPR、CS和SGS)保守结构域。进化分析表明,FeSGT1与藜麦CqSGT1(XP_021726759.1)、甜菜BvSGT1(XP_010671588.1)和菠菜SoSGT1(XP_021839743.1)亲缘关系较近。亚细胞定位初步显示FeSGT1蛋白定位于细胞膜上。qRT-PCR分析发现FeSGT1在干旱胁迫24 h内表达呈现上调趋势。在盐、低温(4℃)胁迫和ABA处理下,FeSGT1基因表达在12 h达到高峰,24 h后开始下降。在拟南芥中过表达FeSGT1基因发现,在干旱和盐胁迫下,转基因植株的发芽率、根长、鲜重和存活率显著提高,丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量明显降低,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高。过表达FeSGT1显著增强了转基因拟南芥植株的耐旱和耐盐能力,为深入研究FeSGT1基因调控甜荞抗旱分子机制奠定了基础。