COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION ON ACPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS WITH DZHUī (大椎GV14) IN COMMON COLD PATIENTS WITH HIGH FEVER

Objective To probe into the effective acupuncture treatment for high fever and other clinical relevant symptoms in common cold. Methods Based on randoming and multi-central clinical trial principle, the included 276 cases were randomized into experimental group （138 cases） and control group （138 cases） in statistics. Electric acupuncture on Dazhui（大椎 GV14） was applied in experimental group and the injection with antondine was in control group. The immediate antipyretic and clinical therapeutic effects were observed in 24 h. Results The body temperatures at different times in experimental group were all lower than those in control group after treatment （P〈 0.01 ）. The scores of relevant symptoms in 3- 24 h after treatment were lower than those in control group （P〈0.05）. The response time （1.42± 1.79） h in experimental group was shorter than that （3.44±5.10） h in control group （P〈0.05）. The response times for chills, soreness of limbs, headach and sweating in experimental group were shorter than those in control group （P〈0. 01 ）. The recovery times for chills and headache in experimental group were shorter than those in control group （P〈0.05）. The systematic therapeutic effects were different significantly between two groups in 24 h （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Acupuncture on Dazhui（大椎 GV14） had achieved definite effects on treatment for high fever in common cold. It released remarkably chills, soreness of limbs, headache and sweating and improved the systematic therapeutic effects on common cold.

Acupuncture Treatment of Common Cold

Case HistoryMs.Li,a 58-year-old retired cadre,paid herfirst visit on Dec.7,1998,with the chief complaintsof headache,fever,nasal obstruction,cough,andgeneral pain with anhidrosis for two days.Whenplaying with her grandson in the yard in the

Identification and Treatment of Swine Influenza and Common Cold in Veterinary Clinic

[Objective] The paper was to investigate the differentiation and treatment of swine influenza and common cold in veterinary clinic.[Method] The clinical data of diseased pigs from May 2017 to May 2018 were analyzed retrospectively to explore the clinical treatment methods for swine influenza and common cold, and the effectiveness and accuracy of clinical diagnosis was further improved. [Result] Through in-depth analysis of test results, we obtained a comprehensive understanding of the main causes of swine influenza and common cold, and found that the causes in-cluded improper breeding management of pigs, nutrition of pigs and lack of immunity of newborn pigs. [Conclusion] Analysis of the causes of swine influenza and common cold and suggestion of targeted clinical treatment measures will reduce the incidence of swine disease, and promote the vet-erinary clinical treatment effect of swine influenza and common cold.

A Randomized,Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled Pilot Clinical Study on ColdZyme^(■) Mouth Spray against Rhinovirus-Induced Common Cold

Common colds incur significant costs in terms of sick leave and personal discomfort for affected individuals. This study investigated the performance of ColdZyme? Mouth Spray (ColdZyme), a protective barrier against common cold, in rhinovirus-inoculated healthy volunteers. This randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted on 46 healthy volunteers inoculated with rhinovirus 16 via the nose. Subjects self-administered ColdZyme or placebo 6 times daily for 11 days. Symptoms were recorded daily in a diary. Rhinovirus 16 in nasal and oropharyngeal samples at days 0, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 10 were quantified by RT-qPCR. The primary outcome measure was the reduction in viral load in oropharyngeal samples. Rhinovirus 16 was only detected in 35 out of 46 inoculated subjects. Exploratory analysis measuring the total viral load (i.e., area under the curve (AUC)) for days 3 - 10 in successfully inoculated subjects found that ColdZyme treatment resulted in a lower total viral load in the oropharynx (p = 0.023). In subjects who experienced symptomatic common cold, irrespectively, if virus were detected, treatment with ColdZyme resulted in a reduction in the number of days with common cold symptoms from 6.5 to 3.0 days (p = 0.014) in comparison to placebo. ColdZyme reduced virus infection in the oropharynx and reduced the number of days with common cold symptoms and highlights the possible importance of the oropharynx in common cold infections. Suitable outcome measures for a feasible study on ColdZyme are total viral load in the oropharynx in subjects having detectable virus present in nasal or oropharyngeal samples.

Rationale for Treatment of Common Cold and Flu with Multi-Ingredient Combination Products for Multi-Symptom Relief in Adults

This up-to-date overview will look at the rationale for the recommendation of combination products for multi-symptom relief of common cold and flu. Common cold and flu are defined by their multi-symptom nature with data showing a variety of symptoms reported simultaneously each day over the first six days of illness. Multi-ingredient combination products for multi-symptom relief are formulated to safely, simply, and simultaneously treat multiple symptoms when used as directed. The rationale for the formulation combination products for common cold and flu is therefore practical, logical and reasonable. No evidence has been found that multi-symptom relief medicines are inherently less safe than single-active ingredient medicines. Multi-symptom relief combination products containing several active ingredients provide a safe, effective, cost-effective, and convenient way of treating the multiple symptoms of common cold and flu, when used as directed. This therapy requires some special information for the patient to be provided by the physician and the pharmacist.

User Experience of ColdZyme Mouth Spray against Common Cold in Competitive Athletes

ColdZyme? Mouth Spray (ColdZyme) is intended to reduce the probability of catching a cold and/or can help shorten the duration of a cold, if used at an early stage of the infection, by forming a barrier on the pharyngeal mucous membrane. The user experience of ColdZyme on naturally occurring common cold infections was evaluated in competitive athletes training professionally or on an amateur level. Thirteen athletes completed weekly electronic surveys on occurrence of common colds, cold severity and user experience over the course of 3 months. The 13 participants reported in total 15 cold incidents with an average duration of 7.4 days. The average cold severity was 31.2 on a visual-analogue scale (VAS) ranging from 0 (mildest possible cold) to 100 (worst possible cold). The overall user satisfaction with ColdZyme was high. 81% of the reported colds were experienced to be milder and/or shorter than usual. None of the participants reported “No effect”. Out of the participants who reported absence of a cold in the previous week, 69% reported a positive answer to the question if ColdZyme had prevented them from catching a cold in the previous week. Conclusion: The present study evaluated prevention and alleviation of naturally occurring common cold in athletes, and demonstrated that ColdZyme may be an easy and practical way for competitive athletes to prevent or reduce infections of the common cold virus and corresponding unwanted absence from training and competition. Due to the lack of a comparator group, a placebo effect cannot be excluded.

Evaluation of ColdZyme Mouth Spray for the Protection against Common Cold in Elite Athletes to Reduce Unwanted Absence from Training and Competition

This study evaluated the protective effect of ColdZyme on common cold infections in elite athletes from three different sports (biathlon, ice-hockey and handball), and assessed the level of reduction in corresponding sick days. The biathlon team (n = 11) and the ice-hockey team (n = 29) significantly reduced the average number of sick days by 51% respectively 67% compared to historical data. No historical data on sick days was available for the handball team but 76% of those who experiences a cold during the study period reported little or very little impact on training and competition. Conclusion: Using ColdZyme may be an easy and practical way for elite athletes to protect themselves against the common cold and to prevent corresponding unwanted absence from training and competition.

Determination of Elements by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Medicinal Plants Employed to Alleviate Common Cold Symptoms

Eleven important medicinal plants generally used by the people of Turkey for the treatment of common cold have been studied for their mineral contents.Eleven minor and major elements(essential,non-essential and toxic)were identified in the Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L.,Althaea officinalis L.,Verbascum phlomoides L.,Euphorbia chamaesyce L.,Zizyphus jujube Miller,Peganum harmala L.,Arum dioscoridis Sm.,Sambucus nigra L.,Piper longum L.,Tussilago farfara L.and Elettaria cardamomum Maton by employing flame atomic absorption and emission spectrometry and electro-thermal atomic absorption spectrometry.Microwave digestion procedure for total concentration was applied under optimized conditions for dissolution of medicinal plants.Plant based biological certified reference materials(CRMs)served as standards for quantification.These elements are found to be present in varying concentrations in the studied plants.The baseline data presented in this work can be used in understanding the role of essential,non-essential and toxic elements in nutritive,preventive and therapeutic properties of medicinal plants.

Randomized, Double Blind and Placebo Controlled Study Using a Combination of Two Probiotic Lactobacilli to Alleviate Symptoms and Frequency of Common Cold

Purpose: The efficacy of ProbiDefendum, a combination of the two lactobacilli Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL9 and Lactobacillus paracasei 8700:2, on the severity, duration and frequency of cold episodes was studied in a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. Methods: A total of 310 subjects with increased risk for common cold infection (at least two episodes of common cold during the last six months) were enrolled and were randomly assigned to receive either active product (A-group) or placebo (P-group) over a period of 12 weeks. Subjects reported the occurrence and severity of cold episodes in a diary, scoring 13 different symptoms of common cold over a period of 7 days after the episode began. Results: In the total study population, cold episodes were reported in 148 cases (47.7%). In the A-group, 54 subjects acquired one and 18 subjects acquired 2 episodes whereas 83 subjects had none. In the P-group, 52 subjects reported one, 24 subjects reported 2 episodes and 79 subjects reported none. Although the number of episodes was similar in both groups, cold episodes in the active group were significantly shorter than in the placebo group. The total sum scores of cold symptoms were significantly lower in the active group as compared with the placebo group, as well as in the intention-to-treat (ITT) as in the per-protocol (PP) collectives (ITT: 75.2 ± 40.3 vs. 113.4 ± 66.3;p 0.001;PP: 73.1 ± 38.8 vs. 117.0 ± 66.1;p 0.001). The daily ingestion of the probiotics over a period of 12 weeks was well tolerated. Conclusion: The daily intake of the probiotic dietary supplement ProbiDefendum over a period of 12 weeks efficiently alleviated symptoms of common cold and the duration of cold episodes.

A Survey of the Experience and Impact of Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections on People in Six Countries in the 2011/2012 Common Cold and Flu Season

Introduction: Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs) are the most common infectious diseases of humankind. While usually mild and self-limiting, they are characterized by a series of simultaneously occurring symptoms/ signs that are sufficiently disruptive to sufferers’ normal activities in which medication is frequently sought. While the literature has many examples of epidemiological studies on these infections, there are few reports on patient experience and impact. This study was designed to investigate these aspects of Common Cold/Flu across six countries. Methods: A minimum of 500 adults aged 18 and older were recruited in each of six countries (Brazil, China, Germany, India, Russia, and the US) using customary survey research sampling techniques. Single 30-minute (online) or 40-minute door-to-door quantitative questionnaires with c. 50 questions were completed with each participant by the global research firm Ipsos. Main Findings: Across countries, incidence and seasonality of infections reported to this study were consistent with published data. There appears to be a need for patient education on the causes and transmission routes of respiratory infections. Getting good quality sleep and being able to continue with daily activities as an infection resolves are significant drivers to therapy. The most common non-prescription therapies reported were multi-ingredient products in line with the simultaneously occurring multi-symptom nature of the condition(s). Conclusions: This study indicated that acute URTIs exert a significant deleterious effect on sufferers. Public health education, possibly best undertaken by Pharmacists has the potential to impact the extent of virus transmission by ensuring that people know the true cause of the infection, how it is transmitted and how best to combat this. The several simultaneously occurring symptoms encourage sufferers to seek multi-ingredient remedies to allow them to continue with normal activities as their infection resolves naturally.

Amino Acid Composition Reduces Frequency of Common Colds. Results of a Controlled Randomised Completely Masked Trial

Purpose: Special nutrients have an impact on common cold infections. In this trial we have investigated the effectiveness of the specific amino acid composition “aminoplus? immun” on the occurrence, duration and severity of common cold. Material and Methods: Our study is a controlled, randomised completely masked trial comparing genuine trial remedy versus placebo in parallel groups. Eligible subjects were people with recurrent and chronic infections of the ear, nose and pharyngeal area. The treatment period was 90 days. The primary outcome was the mean number of days that the patients had symptoms of infections. Results: From Oct. 2009 to Feb. 2010 a total of 145 patients were recruited, of whom 119 had no major protocol violation and were valid for assessment. Two thirds of the patients were female. The mean age of the patients was 45 years. 65% of participants had come into contact with many people and thereby an increased risk of infection. On average the patients had 11.1 infections during the 12 months before the study. Compliance for the intake of the study preparation was 98.9%. Due to randomisation, the groups were very similar and balanced. The primary and all 6 secondary outcome variables showed a clear superiority of the investigated amino acid composition over placebo (p Conclusion: The specific composition “aminoplus? immun is effective in preventing recurrent and chronic infections of the ear, nose and upper respiratory tract.

Efficacy of a Novel Antibody TLR3 Modulator in the Self-Treatment of Common Cold: The ESTUAR Trial

Context: Since the discovery of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), no specific tools have been developed to modulate its activity in upper respiratory tract viral infections (URTIs). ContafluTM (antibodies to TLR3 cytoplasmic fragment) is the first specific TLR3 modulator that showed efficacy in a mouse model of influenza. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Contaflu in URTI. Methods: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in adults with self-reported URTI (the ESTUAR trial) was conducted in 2012/2013 in Belgium. Adult outpatients started a 7-day treatment course with oral tablets of Contaflu or placebo within 36 h after onset of at least one of 4 typical symptoms of URTI. Patients were examined twice by their general practitioners, on days 2-3 and 10-14 after start of treatment. The primary endpoint was the overall severity of URTI calculated as the sum of Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-21) scores over the follow-up. Independent Student’s t test was used to compare the disease severity between groups. Results: A total of 243 patients were enrolled by 32 investigators (121 Contaflu, 122 placebo);92% of cases matched ICD codes J00 or J06. Most patients had very mild (41.8%) or mild (18.2%) URTI symptoms. In the ITT cohort, neither primary nor secondary outcome measures (duration of URTI, day-to-day and overall functional impairments) showed statistically significant differences between groups. The rate of adverse events was similar in both groups. In patients with moderate to severe URTI symptoms, Contaflu tended to reduce the overall disease severity, daily symptoms, and to improve the functional state. Due to the small size of the corresponding subgroups, Contaflu efficacy on daily scores was statistically significant (p < 0.05) only 1, 2, and 5 days after start of treatment. Conclusion: Contaflu was ineffective in mild URTI and showed efficacy in moderate to severe URTI cases.

Efficacy of a Topical Aromatic Rub (Vicks VapoRub^®) on Effects on Self-Reported and Actigraphically Assessed Aspects of Sleep in Common Cold Patients

Common cold sufferers frequently report sleep disruption during the symptomatic period of infections. We examined the effects of treatment with a topical aromatic pharmaceutical ointment (Vicks VapoRub?), on associated sleep disturbances. The effects of Vicks VapoRub? versus placebo (petrolatum ointment) on subjective and objective measured sleep parameters were assessed in an exploratory study of 100 common cold patients, in a randomized, single blind, controlled, two-arm, parallel design study. The primary efficacy variable was subjective sleep quality measured with the SQSQ (Subjective Quality of Sleep Questionnaire). Additional measures included, ease of falling asleep and depth of sleep (measured with a post-sleep Visual Analog Scale), total sleep time, sleep onset latency, activity score, percentage of sleep, sleep efficiency (measured with actigraphy and SQSQ) and sleep quality index measured with a modified Karolinska Sleep Diary (KSD). The primary endpoint, “How was the quality of your sleep last night?” showed a statistically significant difference in change from baseline in favour of VapoRub treatment (p = 0.0392) versus placebo. Positive effects of VapoRub versus placebo were also observed for “How refreshed did you feel upon waking up?” (p = 0.0122) (SQSQ), “Did you get enough sleep?” (p = 0.0036) (KSD), “How was it to get up?” (p = 0.0120) (KSD) and “Do you feel well-rested?” (p = 0.0125) (KSD). No statistically significant changes from baseline versus placebo were detected in the Actiwatch endpoints. Vicks VapoRub? when applied before retiring to bed can reduce subjective sleep disturbances during a common cold. The results of this exploratory study support the belief among patients that the use of VapoRub improves subjective sleep quality during common cold which was associated with more refreshing sleep.

Guidelines on common cold for Traditional Chinese Medicine based on pattern differentiation

OBJECTIVE: To establish the guidelines on common cold treated with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in terms of pattern identification. METHODS: The guidelines were formulated by using the basic patterns of common cold in ChinaPharmacopeia integrated with findings from systematic literature review and the experts' consensus on the issue in question. RESULTS: Common cold was divided into four patterns in the guidelines. The medications were recommended respectively: Ganmaoqingre granule for wind-cold exterior syndrome,Yinqiaojiedu granule for wind-heat exterior syndrome, Huoxiangzhengqi Wan for summer-heat dampness exterior syndrome and Shensu Wan for wind-cold exterior syndrome accompanied with Qi deficiency. CONCLUSION: The guidelines were primarily derived from the practice experience of TCM and the experts' consensus. The process was not strictly evidence-based because of lacking enough clinical studies. Further refinement of the guidelines should be needed as more studies are available.

Efficacy and safety of Reduqing granules in the treatment of common cold with wind-heat syndrome： a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, positive-controlled trial

OBJECTIVE:To assess the efficacy and safety of Reduqing granules in patients with common cold with wind-heat syndrome(CCWHS).METHODS:A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel, positive-controlled trial included 72 CCWHS patients was performed.The participants were randomly assigned to two groups,Reduqing(RDQ) group and Lianhuaqingwen(LHQW) group, in a 1∶1 ratio.Patients in RDQ group received Reduqing granules and dummy Lianhuaqingwen capsules three times a day and patients in LHQW group received Lianhuaqingwen capsules and dummy Reduqing granules three times daily.The duration of treatment and follow-up were four days.RESULTS:There were no statistically significant differences in total markedly effective rate and total effective rate between RDQ group and LHQW group after treatment.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) symptom score was significantly reduced after treatment in RDQ group, as well as in LHQW group.However, the difference of change in TCM symptom score between two groups was not statistically significant(P > 0.05).There were no significant differences between two groups in the median time to fever relief [RDQ group(4 ± 8) h vs LHQW group(4 ± 5) h] or the median time to fever clearance(RDQ group 47 h vs LHQW 36 h).No serious adverse events were reported during the study.CONCLUSION:Compared with Lianhuaqingwen capsules, Reduqing granules achieved similar therapeutic effect in the treatment of CCWHS and no drug-related adverse events were reported during the study.Therefore, Reduqing granules might be effective and safe in the treatment of CCWHS.

Clinical Observation on Effects of Scraping Therapy for Headache Due to Common Cold

Objective： To observe the real-time effect of scraping therapy for headache due to common cold. Methods： Forty-five patients with headache caused by cold were included to receive scraping therapy, and asked to take hot water and a good rest after treatment. Visual Analog Scale （VAS） score was recorded before and after the scraping treatment. The patients were visited again at the second day to inspect the development of the disease, including whether the headache was relapsed or aggravated; how long it was between the relapse or aggravation and the scraping treatment; patients＇ behavior after the scraping treatment. Result： The VAS score ofpre-treatment was 6.45±1.95, and it was 1.43±0.65 after treatment. The results had statistical significance. In the revisit among the 45 patients, there were 39 patients whose headache didn＇t relapsed or aggravated. For the left 6 patients who got relapsed or aggravated headache, researcher found that they did not follow the doctor＇s order well. Conclusion： Scraping therapy has obvious real-time effect on headache caused by cold. However, whether the patients can follow the doctor＇s advice is a key factor in the relapse of headache.

A manual acupuncture treatment attenuates common cold and its symptoms: a case series report from South Korea

OBJECTIVE: To investigate beneficial effects of manual acupuncture on common cold periods and its symptoms depended on the difference onset time of common cold, within 36 h or over than that. To prove effects of manual acupuncture on common cold, a retrospective chart review was conducted.METHODS: Chart data for patients with commoncold who were treated with only manual acupuncture with fulfilling Jackson scales and satisfaction at the end of each treatment were collected via multi-centers of Oriental hospitals,Oriental medicine clinics and covalent hospital in South Korea. Totally 187 patients were divided into two groups, Group Ⅰ(115 patients, within 36 h)and Group Ⅱ(72 patients, onset time of cold over than 36 h). Finally 120 patients were observed until entire resolution of cold symptoms.RESULTS: GroupⅠ showed significant decreases themediandurationsofcompletelyrecovery(3 days;95% CI 3.0-4.0) as compared with Group Ⅱ(6 days;95% CI 4.0-7.0, P < 0.001). The manual acupuncture beneficially worked for reduction rate of common cold symptoms by 50% after initial treatment,decreased cold symptoms, and reduced cold duration.CONCLUSION: Manual acupuncture beneficially affected common cold and its symptoms.Moreover it is more susceptibility on the early time of onset cold.

ANY PROGRESS IN BATTLE AGAINST COMMON COLD?——Interview With William Jordan,M.D.,Expert on Communicable Diseases

Q:Dr.Jordan,do we know any more thesedays about the commnon cold and what eauses it? A:We used to think that the common eold was a simple,single disease.Now we know that it ean becaused by more than 100 different vjruses and rharsome nonviral agentsl resPonsible for allergies caneause similar symPtoms.Whatever the cause,the symPtofns are similar:The nose runs and getselogged;the throat is irritated:there is sneezing andsome coughing.

Multi-Symptom Relief for Cough & Cold: Benefits of Adding Vicks VapoRub to the Treatment Regimen

Background: The common cold is inarguably a multi-symptom syndrome. Thus, patients commonly use several medicinal products simultaneously to treat a range of co-existing clinical manifestations. Topical ointments with medicated vapours are a popular and effective treatment for the relief of various respiratory tract symptoms. Vicks VapoRub (VVR), a paraffin-based therapeutic ointment containing levomenthol, eucalyptus oil, turpentine oil and camphor, is frequently combined with other cough and cold treatments. However, little is known about which medications are commonly taken together and how patients experience the combined efficacy. Methods: A 20-question online survey to assess habits and beliefs amongst cold sufferers was conducted using the Toluna Start platform. A total of 1513 adults that had suffered from a cold or mild COVID-19 infection in the preceding 12 months were recruited from five European countries. Results: Most cold sufferers combined VVR with other cold medicines, such as paracetamol (75.9%), multi-symptom relief (MSR) products (64.0%) or nasal decongestants (57.0%) to treat their symptoms. VVR was mainly used topically, at night, and on days 3 - 4 of the disease. The addition of VVR to the treatment regimen was perceived as highly effective at relieving multiple cold symptoms. Furthermore, improved sleep and a free breathing sensation were attributed to VVR when used in combination with other cold remedies. Statements on VVR regarding effectiveness, sleep, sleep + effectiveness, speed of action and user satisfaction were agreed upon by a total of 74.8% to 88.3% of panellists. Conclusion: Our survey confirms that in Europe, VVR is commonly used as part of a regimen to manage cold symptoms, and contributes to better overall perceived relief as part of a multi-facetted treatment approach. Prospective clinical data are needed to further confirm these results.

Common Bean Germplasm Diversity Study for Cold Tolerance in Ethiopia

Limited tolerance of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to cold temperatures hinders an additional harvest during the small rainy season crop cycle (February to May) in the Ethiopian highlands that comprise two-thirds of the country. Therefore, identification of cold tolerant common bean genotypes is of paramount importance for the region. Field screening of 99 common bean genotypes originally procured from CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture) was carried out for nine different plant traits associated with crop growth and yield at two locations differing in climates: Dire Dawa-higher daily maximum and minimum temperatures and absence of near zero chilling temperatures from February to May;Haramaya-lower daily maximum and minimum temperatures and occasionally near zero chilling temperatures during this period. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the existence of significant variation among genotypes for the parameters measured. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to assess the variation and correlation among genotypes for the traits and group them based on their performance at the two locations. The combination of first three principal components explained more than 50% of the genotypic variations. Principal component analysis was also able to discriminate the performance of genotypes between the two locations. It was grouped into at least 17 genotypes that were specific to Haramaya highland location. The results also revealed significant variation in performance among the 17 genotypes. These genotypes are specific to Ethiopian highlands and prominent resources for in-situ conservation of germplasms.