The lasting evolution of computing environment, software engineering and interaction methods leads to cloud computing. Cloud computing changes the configuration mode of resources on the Internet and all kinds of resou...The lasting evolution of computing environment, software engineering and interaction methods leads to cloud computing. Cloud computing changes the configuration mode of resources on the Internet and all kinds of resources are virtualized and provided as services. Mass participation and online interaction with social annotations become usual in human daily life. People who own similar interests on the Internet may cluster naturally into scalable and boundless communities and collective intelligence will emerge. Human is taken as an intelligent computing factor, and uncertainty becomes a basic property in cloud computing. Virtualization, soft computing and granular computing will become essential features of cloud computing. Compared with the engineering technological problems of IaaS (Infrastructure as a service), PaaS (Platform as a Service) and SaaS (Software as a Service), collective intelligence and uncertain knowledge representation will be more important frontiers in cloud computing for researchers within the community of intelligence science.展开更多
In common sense reasoning two typical types of defaults are encoun- tered. One is of the form 'All birds can fly except b1, b2,…, and bm(m>1)' , and the other 'All birds can fly, but there exist except...In common sense reasoning two typical types of defaults are encoun- tered. One is of the form 'All birds can fly except b1, b2,…, and bm(m>1)' , and the other 'All birds can fly, but there exist exceptiona' . The first type of defaults is readily formalized but the other, as some researchers have noticed, is difficult to deal witb. This paper establisbes a geaeral scheme for formalising defaults of the two typea, the key to which is the introduction of a two-argument predicate ab(I,S) to represent exceptional objects.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No.2007CB310804China Post-doctoral Science Foundation under Grants No.20090460107, 201003794
文摘The lasting evolution of computing environment, software engineering and interaction methods leads to cloud computing. Cloud computing changes the configuration mode of resources on the Internet and all kinds of resources are virtualized and provided as services. Mass participation and online interaction with social annotations become usual in human daily life. People who own similar interests on the Internet may cluster naturally into scalable and boundless communities and collective intelligence will emerge. Human is taken as an intelligent computing factor, and uncertainty becomes a basic property in cloud computing. Virtualization, soft computing and granular computing will become essential features of cloud computing. Compared with the engineering technological problems of IaaS (Infrastructure as a service), PaaS (Platform as a Service) and SaaS (Software as a Service), collective intelligence and uncertain knowledge representation will be more important frontiers in cloud computing for researchers within the community of intelligence science.
文摘In common sense reasoning two typical types of defaults are encoun- tered. One is of the form 'All birds can fly except b1, b2,…, and bm(m>1)' , and the other 'All birds can fly, but there exist exceptiona' . The first type of defaults is readily formalized but the other, as some researchers have noticed, is difficult to deal witb. This paper establisbes a geaeral scheme for formalising defaults of the two typea, the key to which is the introduction of a two-argument predicate ab(I,S) to represent exceptional objects.
