Analysis of Similarities of Different Species of Boenninghausenia Plants by Common and Variant Peak Ratios Dual Indicator Sequence Method

[Objectives] To analyze the similarities of Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa Levl. and Boenninghausenia albiflora(Hook.) Meiss by the common and variant peak ratio dual indicator sequence method. [Methods] Four different solvents(petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) were used to extract the chemical components of different polar regions of B. sessilicarpa and B. albiflora. UV-visible spectrophotometry(second derivative method) was used to collect the fingerprints of different solvent extracts, and common and variant peak peak ratios were analyzed for the absorption peak data. [Results] The common peak ratio and variant peak ratio data of ground parts of B. albiflora and B. sessilicarpa was S2∶S5(46.2(54.2, 62.5)), compared with the data of other groups, the common peak ratio was the largest, thus the components of ground parts of B. albiflora and B. sessilicarpa were closest and had the largest similarities; the common peak ratio and variant peak ratio data of the components extracted by chloroform from B. albiflora and B. sessilicarpa was Y2∶Y6(54.2(38.5, 46.2)), compared with the data of other groups, the variant peak ratio was the smallest, thus, the chemical components near the chloroform polarity of two kinds of medicinal materials had the largest similarities and smallest differences. [Conclusions] This method is simple and easy to operate, and the ultraviolet fingerprint data of four different polar organic solvent extracts are used for comprehensive analysis, and the results have high specificity and high accuracy. Besides, there are certain similarities and also differences between the chemical components of B. sessilicarpa and B. albiflora. It is expected to provide a new evaluation method for the variety quality of B. sessilicarpa and B. albiflora.

儿童期精神分裂症的遗传特点研究进展

本文综述了儿童期精神分裂症(COS)的遗传特点,COS遗传度>80%,主要表现为(1)相关风险基因与成年期精神分裂症有很多重叠;(2)很多风险基因也关联孤独症谱系障碍等更早发的神经发育性障碍;(3)COS的风险基因结构中含有更多的常见和罕见变异体,包括拷贝数变异体(CNVs)。

Molecular Epidemiological Study on Prevalence of Human Papillomaviruses in Patients with Common Warts in Beijing Area

Objective To study the circulation, distribution, and genomic diversity of HPVs in common warts in Beijing area of China. Methods Forty eight patients with pathologically diagnosed common warts were screened for the presence of HPV with HPV type-specific PCR and direct sequencing analysis. The genomic diversity of HPVs prevalent in Chinese patients was analyzed based on LCR. Results Forty one （85.5%） samples were positive for HPV DNA, 13（31.7%）-HPV-57, 12（29.3%）-HPV-la, 7（17%）-HPV-27 and 5（12.2%）-HPV-2a. Four cases were infected with two different HPV types, two （4.9%） with HPV-la and HPV-27, one （2.4%） with HPV-1 and HPV-57 and one （2.4%） with HPV-27 and HPV-57. In contrast to the prevalence of single strain of novel HPV-57 variant and HPV-1 prototype, two HPV-2 and three HPV-27 novel variants were found to circulate in Beijing. Conclusion HPV-1, -2, -27 and -57 are predominantly prevalent in patients with common warts in Beijing.

Genetics of diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a complicated disease characterized by a complex interplay of genetic,epigenetic,and environmental variables.It is one of the world's fastestgrowing diseases,with 783 million adults expected to be affected by 2045.Devastating macrovascular consequences(cerebrovascular disease,cardiovascular disease,and peripheral vascular disease)and microvascular complications(like retinopathy,nephropathy,and neuropathy)increase mortality,blindness,kidney failure,and overall quality of life in individuals with diabetes.Clinical risk factors and glycemic management alone cannot predict the development of vascular problems;multiple genetic investigations have revealed a clear hereditary component to both diabetes and its related complications.In the twenty-first century,technological advancements(genome-wide association studies,nextgeneration sequencing,and exome-sequencing)have led to the identification of genetic variants associated with diabetes,however,these variants can only explain a small proportion of the total heritability of the condition.In this review,we address some of the likely explanations for this"missing heritability",for diabetes such as the significance of uncommon variants,gene-environment interactions,and epigenetics.Current discoveries clinical value,management of diabetes,and future research directions are also discussed.

Anatomical Variants of Celiac Trunk in Relation to Its Branching: A Preliminary Sub-Saharan Study

Background: Surgical treatment of upper mesocolic organs is improved by preoperative diagnosis of anatomical variants of celiac trunk. According to the literature, these anatomical variants are little known in sub-Saharan Africa. Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of anatomical variants of celiac trunk in relation to its branching. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study of descriptive type. It retrospectively evaluated 160 abdominal contrast enhanced CT-scan, from patients attending Yalgado OUEDRAOGO teaching hospital, from 1 January 2015 to 30 September 2016. Patients with a history of heavy abdominal surgery were excluded. Images obtained by 64-row CT-scan were analyzed for anatomical variants of the celiac trunk. Results: One hundred and twenty-eight patients (80%) had a classic anatomical configuration of celiac trunk, while thirty-two (20%) had at least one anatomical variant. Two anatomical variants were found in fifteen patients (9.4%) while five other patients (3.1%) had more than two variants. The most frequent anatomical variant was the hepato-splenic bifurcation, found in fourteen patients (8, 8%). It was followed by common celiac and mesenteric trunk, and then collateral arteries, in particular left hepatic artery and right lower diaphragmatic artery, each with three patients (1.9%). Conclusion: Anatomical variants related to celiac trunk branching, are as frequent in our study as in the literature. However, the two most common anatomical variants were hepato-splenic bifurcation and common celiac and mesenteric trunk.

Insights into the genetic architecture of congenital heart disease from animal modeling

Congenital heart disease(CHD)is observed in up to 1%of live births and is one of the leading causes of mortality from birth defects.While hundreds of genes have been implicated in the genetic etiology of CHD,their role in CHD pathogenesis is still poorly understood.This is largely a reflection of the sporadic nature of CHD,as well as its variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance.We reviewed the monogenic causes and evidence for oligogenic etiology of CHD,as well as the role of de novo mutations,common variants,and genetic modifiers.For further mechanistic insight,we leveraged single-cell data across species to investigate the cellular expression characteristics of genes implicated in CHD in developing human and mouse embryonic hearts.Understanding the genetic etiology of CHD may enable the application of precision medicine and prenatal diagnosis,thereby facilitating early intervention to improve outcomes for patients with CHD.

药用植物重楼的紫外吸收光谱分析与鉴别

通过正交试验设计L43(16)优化氯仿、无水乙醇和水对46份重楼样品的提取条件,基于紫外吸收光谱检测,采用平均值、平滑和二次微分对光谱数据进行处理,用SIMCA软件及共有峰和变异峰双指标序列分析法进行定性、定量评价。结果表明,重楼样品在氯仿、无水乙醇和水分别提取50,40,50min时提取率最高,在20h内稳定性RSD%分别在0.06～1.88,0.05～2.42,0.03～0.35之间,精密度RSD%分别在0～1.48,0.05～0.37,0.09～0.44之间,重现性RSD%分别为0～1.23,0.04～0.30,0.12～0.25。定性分析显示,重楼样品不同种、不同产区间存在较大差异;定量分析显示,重楼样品间最大共有峰率为80.00%,最小变异峰率为6.25%。该法定性评价不同种及不同产区间的重楼样品,并定量分析任意两个样品间的差异,阐明重楼种间及不同产区间的相似度,为中药材真伪、品种鉴别和品质评价奠定基础。

益智红外指纹图谱的研究

益智产区的鉴别对于药材市场的质量控制以及提高药材的质量显得极为重要。益智为我国四大南药之一,主要药效成分是诺卡酮和益智酮。红外指纹图谱用于中药质量控制研究有着良好的发展前景,借助红外光谱的指纹特性,以八种益智精油红外指纹图谱的共有峰率和变异峰率为指标,计算了样品相对于该标准品的共有峰率和变异峰率,并按照共有峰率、变异峰率的大小建立了不同的序列。结果表明:广东、广西和海南的益智油红外图谱比较吻合,但也存在一定的差异。益智油的红外图谱特征峰为1 710和1 666cm-1,广东和海南的益智油的红外指纹图谱(400～4 000 cm-1)共有峰率为62%,广西和海南的共有峰率为52%,海南的益智油共有峰率为66%～84%。从多维共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列分析法可以对不同产地具有准确、精细且非常直观的鉴别能力,该方法可以准确地区别不同产地的益智。

甘草水提物红外指纹图谱共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列分析法

目的 :建立一种符合中药自身特点的光谱指纹图谱分析方法。方法 :利用两个指标 :共有峰率 ,变异峰率 ,分别以各样品的红外指纹图谱为标准 ,计算其它样品相对于该标准品的共有峰率和变异峰率 ,并按照共有峰率的大小建立不同的序列。结果 :该方法可以准确地区别不同品种、不同产地的甘草。结论 :利用共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列分析法可以对两个或多个中药样品进行方便可靠的鉴别。

侧柏叶红外指纹图谱共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列分析法

利用共有峰率和变异峰率两个指标,以不同侧柏叶样品的红外指纹图谱为标准,计算出所测样品相对于标准品的共有峰率和变异峰率。按照共有峰率的大小,建立了不同的共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列方法。分析结果显示,产地相同或相近的G1与G8之间、G4与G2G6之间有很高的共有峰率(均≥90.0%)和很低的变异峰率(均≤11.1%);相近产地不同年份的G10与G3G4、G5之间共有峰率均<50%、变异峰率均>50%;产地相距较远的G2与G7的共有峰率<50%、变异峰率>50%。该方法可以准确地区分不同产地、批次的侧柏叶。利用共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列分析法可以对两个或多个中药样品进行方便可靠的鉴别,克服了多种中药鉴别方法只能进行真伪鉴别、产地鉴别的局限性,为中药质量的准确评价提供了一种新方法。

秘鲁产人参保健品HPLC和四维UV指纹图谱研究

目的 :研究一种秘鲁产人参保健品与人参及西洋参的异同。方法 :应用HPLC和四维UV指纹图谱进行研究。结果 :该产品与人参及西洋参的紫外指纹图谱非常相近。秘鲁产人参保健品与人参无水乙醇提取物高于该产品与西洋参的共有峰率 ,且变异率接近并显著小于该产品与西洋参的变异率。结论 :秘鲁产人参保健品组织结构与人参及西洋参不同 。

高山红景天红外指纹图谱共有峰率和变异峰率的双指标序列分析

利用PE-1730傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对8种来源的高山红景天块根粉末进行分析,以红外指纹图谱的共有峰率、变异峰率为计算指标,分析样品相对原生境野生植株样品的共有峰率和变异峰率,建立共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列分析方法。结果表明:产地相近的H1与H4之间具有较高的共有峰率(88.89%)和较低的变异峰率(12.50%);种质来源地不同、倍性相同的H5与H3通过相同的生境栽培,共有峰率仅为22.22%;种质来源地相同、倍性不同的H5与H6共有峰率达到71.43%;不同种源、不同倍性、相同生境的H6与H8红外图谱的相似度为57.14%。

共有峰率和变异率双指标序列分析法分析甘草紫外指纹图谱

目的 :建立多维共有峰率和变异率双指标序列紫外指纹图谱分析甘草样品。方法 :本文引入三种溶剂(氯仿、无水乙醇及水 )系统提取甘草中不同极性区间成分 ,测定其紫外指纹图谱 ,研究甘草样品的异同。结果 :该方法可以准确区别不同甘草样品。结论 :利用共有峰率和变异率双指标序列分析法可以对两个或多个样本进行可靠的鉴别。

共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列法分析藏药材红毛五加特定(指纹)图谱

目的:采用共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列法分析红毛五加特定(指纹)图谱。方法:采用石油醚、氯仿、95%乙醇、水4种溶剂分别提取红毛五加药材不同极性部位成分,测定其紫外指纹图谱,研究各个样品之间的异同。结果:采用该方法可以区别出不同产地红毛五加药材。结论:该方法便于2个及2个以上样品之间的比较,应用范围广,为红毛五加药材质量评价提供了简便的方法。

西番莲叶红外指纹图谱研究

[目的]研究西番莲(Passiflora dulis)叶红外指纹图谱。[方法]运用双指标序列分析法。以共有峰和变异峰率为指标,计算样品相对于该标准品的共有峰率和变异峰率,并按照共有峰率和变异峰率的大小建立不同的序列。[结果]海口、儋州、万宁、屯昌的西番莲样品红外图谱比较吻合,但也存在一定的差异。[结论]该研究为快速地把相似的西番莲样品归为一类提供了科学依据。

苦丁茶红外指纹图谱共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列分析法

利用共有峰率和变异峰率两个指标,以不同苦丁茶样品的红外指纹图谱为标准,计算出所测样品相对于标准品的共有峰率和变异峰率。按照共有峰率的大小,建立了不同的共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列方法。该方法可以准确地区分不同产地和不同级别的苦丁茶,可以对两个或多个中药样品进行方便可靠的鉴别,是一种符合中药自身特点的光谱指纹图谱分析方法。

汉语俗字新考

宋代以后的一些字典辞书 ,诸如《龙龛手镜》、《四声篇海》、《字汇》、《字汇补》、《康熙字典》 ,以及今人编的《汉语大字典》、《中华字海》等 ,都收载了大量有音无义或音义全无以及与正字关系不明的疑难俗字。由于种种原因 ,汉语俗字的研究长期以来没有得到人们应有的重视 ,所以上述字典中的这些疑难俗字也很少有人问津。这种情况不但对载有这些疑难俗字的古籍的解读带来了困难 ,也对现代大型字典编纂的质量带来了严重的负面影响。本文在《汉语俗字丛考》的基础上 ,依据敦煌出土文献等大量第一手资料 ,对《汉语大字典》等大型字典中的二十多个疑难俗字进行了考辨 ,并纠正了旧辞书辨释方面的一些错误。

共有峰率和变异率双指标指纹图谱分析法分析马甲三维HPLC指纹图谱

目的;本文引入三维高效液相色谱(3-dHPLC)指纹图谱,研究秘鲁产马甲与人参、西洋参及三七的异同。方法:建立两个指纹图谱分析指标:共有峰率、变异率,对氯仿、无水乙醇及水系统提取的各药材中不同极性区间成分的指纹图谱进行分析。结果:该方法可以对两个或多个样本进行可靠的鉴别。结论:马甲与人参、西洋参成分相近,而与三七有较大的差异。马甲无水乙醇和氯仿提取物与人参相近,但其水提取物与人参及西洋参有区别,人参与西洋参水提取物较为一致。

不同种石斛的相似性的共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列法分析

目的采用共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列法分析不同种石斛的相似性。方法采用石油醚、氯仿、95%乙醇、水等4种溶剂分别提取不同种石斛药材不同极性化学成分。结果叠鞘石斛和金钗石斛的相似度为33.3%;叠鞘石斛和马鞭石斛的相似度为36.2%;鼓锤石斛和金钗石斛的相似度为35.8%;鼓锤石斛和马鞭石斛两者的相似度为42.3%。结论该方法操作简单、准确,采用4种提取物综合分析,所得结果专属性强,准确性高。

用共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列分析法分析百合的红外指纹图谱

利用共有峰率和变异峰率两个指标,以不同产地的百合样品的红外指纹图谱为标准,计算出10个样品之间的共有峰率和变异峰率,建立了共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列分析方法。结果表明,产地相近的L1与L2之间、L8与L7、L3之间具有很高的共有峰率和很低的变异峰率;产地相近的另外几个区域的百合L9与L8、L5、L6之间和L10与L5之间的共有峰率均≥80.0%,变异峰率均≤25.0%;产地相距较远的L1与L10、L6、L9、L3的共有峰率≤60.0%,变异峰率≥15.8%。该方法比色谱鉴别法更加简便、快速,可以准确地区分不同产地的百合,也为中药质量评价提供了一种新方法。