Does ash dieback affect the reproductive ecology of Fraxinus excelsior L.?

Forest tree species reproduction is a key factor in maintaining the genetic diversity of future generations and the stability of forest ecosystems.The ongoing ash dieback disease could affect the reproductive ecology of Fraxinus excelsior L.and have a major impact on the quantity and quality of pollen and seeds.In this study,we investigated pollen production and viability of pollen and seeds of ash trees with different health status from 2018 to 2022.Inflorescences were collected from 105 trees(pollen production),pollen from 125 trees(pollen viability),and seeds from 53 trees(seed quality)in two seed orchards and in one floodplain forest in southern Germany.Not all parameters were examined at every site every year.The average pollen production per tree was estimated at 471.2±647.9 billion pollen grains.In addition,we found that a high number of inflorescences did not equate to high pollen production per inflorescence.Pollen production of healthy and diseased trees did not differ significantly,although only 47%of severely diseased male trees(vs.72%for healthy trees)produced flowers.With regards to pollen viability,the TTC test showed an average viability of 73%±17%.Overall,there was a slight tendency for diseased trees to have less viable pollen.However,a significant difference could only be calculated for trees in the floodplain forest.The percentage of germinable seeds in 2018 was 38%in the floodplain forest and 57%in one of the seed orchards.The percentage of viable seeds(TTC test)ranged from 17 to 22%in the orchards in 2020.Non-viable seeds were usually heavily infested by insects.In general,seed quality was not significantly different between healthy and diseased trees.Our results indicate that ash dieback affects flower formation and pollen viability but not pollen production or seed quality.Nevertheless,the fact that hardly any flowering was observed,especially for trees that were seriously affected,suggests a negative effect of ash dieback on reproductive performance.Thus,severely diseased trees will transfer their genes to a smaller extent to the next generation.

Real-World Safety and Performance of Saline Nasal Spray Products for Nasal Cleansing and Reducing Obstruction of the Nasal Cavity

Background and Objectives: Three post-marketing clinical follow-up studies were performed in Europe to confirm the safety and performance of four nonprescription, nasal cleansing medical devices: Otrivin Sea Water (OSW) pressurized spray, OSW with aloe vera (OSWAV), Otrisal 0.74% NaCl Metered-Dose Spray (MDS), and Prorhinel spray. Material and Methods: Observational, single-arm, retrospective studies consisting of a single online questionnaire were performed between July 2021 and December 2021. Eligible participants were adults who used the device or supervised use of the device in a participant under 18 years of age within 6 months of completing the questionnaire. Demographics, safety, and device performance were assessed. Results: Based on questionnaires submitted on OSW (n = 556), OSWAV (n = 555), Otrisal MDS (n = 555), and Prorhinel (n = 555), proportions of users who reported safety events were 1.8% for OSW, 2.3% for OSWAV, 1.4% for Otrisal MDS, and 2.0% for Prorhinel. Proportions of users who indicated they were satisfied or very satisfied with device performance ranged from 72.0% - 89.0% across all devices. Device performance for all products was also supported for additional preventative and symptomatic uses through exploratory analyses. Conclusions and Significance: These data confirm device safety and performance of OSW, OSWAV, Otrisal MDS, and Prorhinel for their intended uses.

Comparison of Efficiencies of Two Production Lines with Buffering Capacities at Common and Separative Allocation

In this paper, the efficiencies of two production lines, one is with commonly, the other is with separately buffer capacities are compared, the result is that the former one is better than the latter

数字技术赋能农户增收的理论机制与实证检验:基于CRRS 2022农户调查数据

从粮食单产与农业生产效率两方面构建种粮农户增收的理论框架,并借助CRRS 2022年农户调查数据样本,实证检验农业生产中数字技术采用对种粮农户的增收效应。基准回归结果显示:农业生产中数字技术采用显著促进了种粮农户收入增加。分别使用工具变量估计、倾向得分匹配估计和安慰剂检验进行稳健性检验,发现结论依然稳健。作用机制分析表明,农业生产中数字技术通过提高农业机械作业效率、农业机械作业水平,进而提高农业生产效率和粮食单产水平,实现种粮农户增收。进一步研究发现,数字技术采用对种粮农户增收具有异质性。数字技术对那些在村里担任职务、经营规模更大的种粮农户增收效应更明显。未来应通过夯实农业数字发展根基、培育高素质农民队伍等途径推动农业生产数字化转型,促进种粮农户增收。

The Institutional Framework of Common Prosperity in the Process of Chinese Modernization

The report to the 20th CPC National Congress makes it clear that achieving common prosperity for all is an essential requirement of Chinese modernization,and that China has come to a historical period when concrete measures can be taken to promote common prosperity with a well-researched and effective system.In the new journey of Chinese modernization,we must correctly understand productive forces and production relations,properly handle the relation between efficiency and fairness,and promote common prosperity with sound systems.Therefore,efforts must be made to create an institutional framework of common prosperity that involves three pillars—socialism with Chinese characteristics as the fundamental system,improving the efficiency and vitality of productive forces as the basic system,and preserving fairness and adjusting productive relations and income distribution as the foundational system.To succeed,we must do the following three things.First,we should uphold the system where the Party leads the country,and all our work and the people run the country.Second,we should improve the basic economic system in which public ownership is the mainstay,the high-level socialist market economy,related systems,to promote high-quality economic development,and auxiliary systems to realize common prosperity with the digital economy.Third,we should perfect the institutional arrangements related to primary,secondary,and tertiary income distribution.

共同富裕背景下南通提高劳动报酬占GDP比重的可行路径

提高劳动报酬占GDP比重是实现共同富裕的关键指标之一,对经济社会发展具有重要意义。南通不仅具备提高劳动报酬占GDP比重的基础,也面临紧迫的现实需求。为此,实证分析了南通市提高劳动报酬占GDP比重面临的负面影响因素,主要包括出口贸易额下滑、新质生产力尚处发动阶段、地区优势挖掘不充分等经济发展层面的影响因素,以及税收制度部分规定对资本的友好度大于对劳动力的友好度等分配机制层面的问题。进而提出了相应的改进建议:通过挽留产业链、加快新质生产力代谢、充分整合旅游资源、提升劳动者技能素养和加快乡村数字化赋能等多渠道提升经济总量,通过打造低收入群体友好型城市、优化税收调控及提高工资中劳动要素价值占比等措施,进一步改善分配机制,以提高劳动报酬占GDP比重,推动共同富裕目标的实现。

Artificial Defoliation to Simulate Losses on Production of Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>L. cv. Goytacazes)

The reduction of foliar area can cause yield reduction in common bean crops. The objective of this work was to verify which is the effect of different defoliation levels realized in several development stages of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Goytacazes) over yield, weight of 100 seeds and number of pods per plant. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a split-plot arrangement with five replications. The plot corresponded to the five defoliation epochs (first trifoliate leaf, flowering, pods formation, pods filling, and dry pods). In each plot, the split plot was represented by the four defoliation levels (0%, 33%, 67% and 100%). It was observed a decrease of yield for all levels defoliation considering all development stages, except for dried pods. The highest decrease was detected for flowering and pods formation. Through the regression analysis got a greater reduction in yield with 100% defoliation made at 42 days after emergence. The evaluation parameter that showed better relation with yield was a number of pods per plant.

Fermentative Biohydrogen Production with Enteric Bacteria Isolated from the Intestine of Wild Common Carp Dwelling in Tarim River Basin

The biological hydrogen generating from fermentation of low-cost lignocellulosic feedstocks by hydrogen-producing bacteria has attracted many attentions in recent years. In the present investigation, ten hydrogen-producing bacteria were newly isolated from the intestine of wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), and identified belonging to the genera of Enterobacter and Klebsiella based on analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequence and examination of the physiological and biochemical characteristics. All the isolates inherently owned the ability to metabolize xylose especially the cotton stalk hydrolysate for hydrogen production with hydrogen yield (HY) higher than 100 mL·L-1. In particular, two isolates, WL1306 and WL1305 obtained higher HY, hydrogen production rate (HPR), and hydrogen production potential (HPP) using cotton stalk hydrolysate as sugar substrate than the mixed sugar of glucose & xylose, which obtained the HY of 249.5 ± 29.0, 397.0 ± 36.7 mL·L-1, HPR of 10.4 ± 1.2, 16.5 ± 1.5 mL·L-1·h-1, HPP of 19.5 ± 2.3, 31.0 ± 2.8 mL·L-1·g-1sugar, separately. The generation of soluble metabolites, such as the lactate, formate, acetate, succinate and ethanol reflected the mixed acid fermentation properties of the hydrogen production pathway.

Creation of Cultivars with High Productive Tillering Capacity and Synchronous Earing for Ridge Technology Cultivation

For cultivation of new common wheat cultivars having valuable morphological traits new resource-saving ridge technology was applied. Our collection of dwarf lines, obtained in the result of cyclical diallel crossings of genotrophs, induced by pyridine carbonic acids, zoned common wheat cultivars and short stem common wheat samples from the World Wide Collection of the Russian Institute of Plant Industry, was applied for creation of new common wheat lines having valuable morphological traits. It was observed that open blooming dwarfs were good for cross-pollination, and without insulation they demonstrated a great issue of natural hybrids. It was marked that cross-pollination promoted appearance of great number of hybrid plants with high productive tillering capacity. After individual selection among those hybrid plants and their propagation we got fertile constant lines of common winter wheat having 17-20 productive stems per one plant and a productive ear. These lines are firm and resistant to lodging. At the present time these constant lines are cultivated in conditions of resource-saving ridge technology.

从基础设施公募REITs谈共同富裕目标实现的财政调控路径

共同富裕的实现依托于生产增长与分配正义的融合,是一个以“蛋糕”做大做好为基础,继而注重切好分好的良性循环。在公共基础设施建设领域,无论是生产层面的量性与质性目标,抑或分配层面的公平性与公正性要求,均有赖于公共财政资金的支撑与调控。然而,我国非公债型政府投融资工具不足、对公共财政惯性依赖、财政双层委托代理的治理困境与权力配置失衡的自利驱动,成为公共基础设施助力共同富裕实现的阻碍。基础设施公募REITs的启动为公共基础设施结构性融资与资金退出提供通道,具有填补非公债式政府融资工具、释放沉淀资金缓解财政重压、锚定价值保障财政精准投入,以及信息披露助力财政权责配置的价值功能。在推进共同富裕实现的进程中,基础设施公募REITs为财政调控提供了一个类别化、拓展化、市场化和精准化的方案,其思路可延伸至他类公共产品的差异化财政调控,以更大程度满足生产与分配的双层调控需求。

Rationale for Treatment of Common Cold and Flu with Multi-Ingredient Combination Products for Multi-Symptom Relief in Adults

This up-to-date overview will look at the rationale for the recommendation of combination products for multi-symptom relief of common cold and flu. Common cold and flu are defined by their multi-symptom nature with data showing a variety of symptoms reported simultaneously each day over the first six days of illness. Multi-ingredient combination products for multi-symptom relief are formulated to safely, simply, and simultaneously treat multiple symptoms when used as directed. The rationale for the formulation combination products for common cold and flu is therefore practical, logical and reasonable. No evidence has been found that multi-symptom relief medicines are inherently less safe than single-active ingredient medicines. Multi-symptom relief combination products containing several active ingredients provide a safe, effective, cost-effective, and convenient way of treating the multiple symptoms of common cold and flu, when used as directed. This therapy requires some special information for the patient to be provided by the physician and the pharmacist.

Co-integration Analysis of the Relationship between New Product Output and R&D Investment in China’s Pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To study the possible relationship between the output of new products in China’s pharmaceutical industry and the investment in research and development(R&D),and to provide a theoretical basis for the decision-making of relevant enterprises and institutions.Methods The econometric software Stata 14 was used to perform unit root test on the relevant data.Then,a co-integration regression equation was established after stabilization,which was analyzed through co-integration test(E-G two-step method).Results and Conclusion There is a long-term equilibrium and short-term error correction relationship between the output of new products and the investment of R&D funds in China’s pharmaceutical industry.During the lagging periods from 1 to 6,R&D investment is the Granger reason for the output of new products.The investment of R&D funds has a positive effect on the output of new products and the effect is significant.Therefore,more investment should be made in R&D to enhance the output of new products.

基于CORBA和Web技术的PDM系统

介绍了实现企业信息化的集成平台———产品数据管理系统PDM,指出了PDM在企业实现信息集成的重要性。

基于CORBA技术的PDM集成框架的研究与实现

通过对企业应用软件信息流的分析 ,指出了PDM在企业实现信息集成过程中的重要性 ,提出了基于CORBA技术PDM集成框架的体系结构 。

Effects of solid-state fermentation product of yeast supplementation on liver and intestinal health,and resistance of common carp(Cyprinus carpio)against spring viraemia carp virus

This study aimed to investigate the effects of solid-state fermentation products of yeast(SFPY)on liver and intestinal health and disease resistance of common carp(Cyprinus carpio).A total of 200 common carp with an initial average weight of 2.55±0.004 g were divided into 5 groups(4 replications per group and 10 fish per replication),and were fed with one of five diets,including a control diet and 4 diets supplemented with 2‰(Y2),3‰(Y3),4‰(Y4),or 5‰(Y5)SFPY,respectively,for 8 weeks.Results indicated that,the addition of SFPY to the diet of common carp did not affect the growth performance or survival rate of fish(P=0.253).Interestingly,with the addition of SFPY,the triacylglycerol(TAG)content of the liver presented a linear decreasing tendency(P=0.004),with significantly decreased in Y4 and Y5 groups(P=0.035)compared with control.Serum lipopolysaccharide(LPS)content and diamine oxidase(DAO)activity presented a negative linear relationship with the addition of SFPY(P=0.015,P=0.030),while serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein(LBP)content first decreased and then increased(P<0.001).The total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in the intestine of fish increased continuously with increasing SFPY supplementation(P=0.026),reaching the highest level in Y5 group.The villus height in all experimental groups were significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.001).Furthermore,compared to the control,adding 3‰SFPY to the control diet of common carp significantly increased the relative abundance of Fusobacteria(P=0.018)and decreased that of Proteobacteria(P=0.039)at phylum level,and increased the relative abundance of Cetobacterium(P=0.018)and decreased that of Shewanella(P=0.013)at genus level.Compared with the control,the relative mRNA expression level of spring viraemia of carp virus N protein(SVCV-n)in the kidney was lower than that of the control group without significance and bottomed out in Y4 group(P=0.138).In conclusion,dietary SFPY enhanced the SVCV resistance capacity of common carp by improving liver and intestinal health and modulating the gut microbiota.Thus,SFPY is a potential feed additive to be used in aquaculture to reduce the huge economic loss of common carp due to SVCV disease.Based on liver TAG content and intestinal villus height,the optimal addition level of SFPY was 3.02‰and 2.72‰,respectively.

The future of competitive advantage in Oman: Integrating green product innovation, Al, and intellectual capital in business strategies

This study delves into the dynamics of green product innovation,artificial intelligence(Al)adaption,and intellectual capital,investigating their impact on the competitiveness of firms in Oman.It emphasizes the crucial role of government intervention and R&D investments in this process.Based on the responses of 214 top managers in Oman,the research employs structural equation modeling to analyze the intricate relationships between these factors.The findings underscore a significant positive correlation between green innovation,Al implementation,and intellectual capital,with government involvement and R&D investments as vital moderators.This study provides a novel perspective on the synergy of technology,innovation,and intellectual capital in developing economies.It offers essential insights for business leaders,policymakers,and scholars,highlighting the necessity of integrating advanced technologies and sustainable practices in business strategies to achieve competitive advantage.The research adds to the existing body of knowledge on innovation and competitiveness.It offers practical implications for enhancing firm performance in Oman and similar emerging markets.

在CORBA平台上实现CAD/CAPP/PDM系统集成

实现分布式CAD/CAPP/CAM系统集成,关键在于各个应用系统间的信息利用CORBA(公共对象请求代理结构)技术进行集成,文章主要介绍了分布式系统集成框架及关键技术,详细探讨了其中面临的问题以及解决方案,并说明了实现分布式系统集成的实施方法,无论任何数据源只要进行适当的封装并向系统提供用CORBA IDL语言编写的界面就可以加入系统,这对应用系统进行集成研究具有重要意义。

Recurrent Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children;The Influence of Green Vegetables, Beef, Whole Milk and Butter

Background: Immunological mechanism and dietary nutrients are important mediators in the health of children. In this intervention study a dietary advice is given to children between 1 and 6 years of age with recurrent respiratory tract infections. Could a change in nutrient intake result in an altered clinical outcome? Design: In this prospective cohort study 61 children were included and evaluated at a paediatric outpatient clinic. The control group consisted of 32 children included at an infant welfare centre. The patient group followed the dietary advice (green vegetables, beef, whole milk, full-fat butter) for three months, in which parents filled out their dietary intake and health status on a daily basis. A follow up form was filled out by the parents 3 months after completion of the study period. For statistical analysis the programme SPSS version 15.0 was used. Results: In the patient group there was a statistical significant reduction in days with a respiratory infection (15.7 to 11.5 days a month), subfebrile temperature days (1.9 to 0.5 days a month) and febrile temperature days (1.0 to 0.7 days a month) compared to the control group. Also, antibiotic use decreased significantly. No significant changes were measured in body mass index. Conclusions: A change of diet towards green vegetables, beef, whole milk and full-fat butter has positive health effects in children. This diet may work by adding nutrients to optimize immunological mechanisms. There were no adverse effects and it can be utilized by general pediatricians and general practitioners.

党建引领村集体经济组织赋能农民农村共同富裕的实践路径——基于山东省招远市D村的实证调查

村集体经济组织与农民农村共同富裕具有内在的逻辑关联。村集体经济组织的经济发展职能和共有共享的分配原则促进了农民生活的富裕富足;村集体经济组织的政治和治理服务职能为农户提供了生存和发展的基本保障,助推农村宜居宜业。现阶段,农民农村共同富裕主要面临土地细碎化制约农业规模化经营、农村公共品供给不足、小农户难以有效对接大市场和社会结构转型背景下如何重塑村庄生活共同体等现实难题。山东省招远市D村以党建为引领,充分发挥村集体经济组织在农民生产生活领域的统筹协调功能,通过统一流转农地经营权、优化农业生产服务、塑造品牌效应对接市场和重建村庄生活共同体,密切了党群干群关系,增加了农民收入,激发了村庄的内生活力和促进了农民精神生活的共同富裕。农民农村共同富裕应结合村庄现实基础分阶段、有重点地推进,重视和增强村集体经济组织对农民生产生活的统筹能力建设。

Agricultural research for development: Investing in Uzbekistan’s future

The paper addresses challenges on organization and funding of research and development (http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?a=110&t=4200527_2_1&sc=0 R&D) in the agricultural sector. The necessity of modernization and reequipment of agricultural sector was validated, which is important sector in the economy of Uzbekistan. The paper covers issues on increasing investments in agricultural research, implementation of results of research work into the agriculture production, strengthening of innovative activities. Also, the possibility of nonstate budgetary financing of scientificresearch process in the agrarian sector was considered. Author’s view is given on the main directions of science that need to be supported as a foundation of further development of agricultural R&D and as a result the agricultural production.