Ultimately Bounded Output Feedback Control for Networked Nonlinear Systems With Unreliable Communication Channel: A Buffer-Aided Strategy

This paper concerns ultimately bounded output-feedback control problems for networked systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics. Sensor-to-observer signal transmission is facilitated over networks that has communication constraints.These transmissions are carried out over an unreliable communication channel. In order to enhance the utilization rate of measurement data, a buffer-aided strategy is novelly employed to store historical measurements when communication networks are inaccessible. Using the neural network technique, a novel observer-based controller is introduced to address effects of signal transmission behaviors and unknown nonlinear dynamics.Through the application of stochastic analysis and Lyapunov stability, a joint framework is constructed for analyzing resultant system performance under the introduced controller. Subsequently, existence conditions for the desired output-feedback controller are delineated. The required parameters for the observerbased controller are then determined by resolving some specific matrix inequalities. Finally, a simulation example is showcased to confirm method efficacy.

H-infinity performance optimization for networked control systems with limited communication channels

This paper studies the problems of H-infinity performance optimization and controller design for continuous-time NCSs with both sensor-to-controller and controller-to-actuator communication constraints （limited communication channels）. By taking the derivative character of network-induced delay into full consideration and defining new Lyapunov functions, linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）-based H-infinity performance optimization and controller design are presented for NCSs with limited communication channels. If there do not exist any constraints on the communication channels, the proposed design methods are also applicable. The merit of the proposed methods lies in their Jess conservativeness, which is achieved by avoiding the utilization of bounding inequalities for cross products of vectors. The simulation results illustrate the merit and effectiveness of the proposed H-infinity controller design for NCSs with limited communication channels.

A Geometry-Based Non-Stationary MIMO Channel Model for Vehicular Communications

This paper derives a non-stationary multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) from the one-ring scattering model. The proposed channel model characterizes vehicular radio propagation channels with considerations of moving base and mobile stations, which makes the angle of arrivals(AOAs) along with the angle of departures(AODs) time-variant. We introduce the methodology of including the time-variant impacts when characterizing non-stationary radio propagation channels through the geometrical channel modelling approach. We analyze the statistical properties of the proposed channel model including the local time-variant autocorrelation function(ACF) and the space cross-correlation functions(CCFs). We show that the model developed in this paper for non-stationary scenarios includes the existing one-ring wide-sense stationary channel model as its special case.

The Performance Analysis of Traffic Channel Coding in Digital Trunking System

The encoding and decoding processes of traffic channel in digital trunking system are studied. On the basis of computer simulation, the BER (bit error ratio) with different RCPC decoding step is analyzed. As a result, the optimal RCPC decoding step is provided, which gives essential theoretical evidences for the implementation of digital trunking system.

The Security Analysis of Two-Step Quantum Direct Communication Protocol in Collective-Rotation Noise Channel

To analyze the security of two-step quantum direct communication protocol （QDCP） by using Einstein-Podolsky Rosen pair proposed by Deng et al. [Phys. Rev. A 68 （2003）042317] in collective-rotation noise channel, an excellent model of noise analysis is proposed. In the security analysis, the method of the entropy theory is introduced, and is compared with QDCP, an error rate point Qo（M ： （Q0, 1.0）） is given. In different noise levels, if Eve wants to obtain the same amount of information, the error rate Q is distinguishable. The larger the noise level ~ is, the larger the error rate Q is. When the noise level ~ is lower than 11%, the high error rate is 0.153 without eavesdropping. Lastly, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. It turns out that the quantum channel will be safe when Q 〈 0.153. Similarly, if error rate Q〉 0.153 = Q0, eavesdropping information I 〉 1, which means that there exist eavesdroppers in the quantum channel, and the quantum channel will not be safe anymore.

On Multi-Frequency Channel Interference Alignment of 3 Channels and 4 Users

This paper explores the multi-frequency independent channel interference alignment(MFC-IA) system of 3 channels and4 users,and single data stream transmit,i.e.(3×3,1)~4 system.We derive the analytic solution for(3×3,1)~4 MFC-IA system.Based on the analytic solution,an optimization problem is proposed aim at the optimal IA solution.Then based on such a math model,we propose a simulated annealing(SA) algorithm to search optimal IA solution.The simulation results show that the simulated annealing IA algorithm has a better sum rate performance than iterative maximize signal to interference plus noise ratio(Max-SINR) algorithm.This result can be extended to single data stream multi-antenna IA system with 3 antennas and4 users.

Transferring information through a mixed-five-spin chain channel

We initially introduce one-dimensional mixed-five-spin chain with Ising-XY model which includes mixture of spins-1/2 and spins-1. Here, it is considered that nearest spins（1, 1/2） have Ising-type interaction and nearest spins（1/2, 1/2）have both XY-type and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya（DM） interactions together. Nearest spins（1, 1） have X X Heisenberg interaction. This system is in the vicinity of an external homogeneous magnetic field B in thermal equilibrium state. We promote the quantum information transmitting protocol verified for a normal spin chain with simple model（refer to Rossini D, Giovannetti V and Fazio R 2007 Int. J. Quantum Infor. 5 439）（widely in reference： Giovannetti V and Fazio R 2005 Phys. Rev. A 71 032314） by means of considering the suggested mixed-five-spin chain as a quantum communication channel for transmitting both qubits and qutrits ideally. Hence, we investigate some useful quantities such as quantum capacity and quantum information transmission rate for the system. Finally, we conclude that, when the DM interaction between spins（1/2, 1/2） increases the system is a more ideal channel for transmitting information.

Natural Gradient Approach to Multichannel Blind Deconvolution

In this paper we study the geometrical structures of FIR filters and their application to multichannel blind deconvolution. First we introduce a Lie group structure and a Riemannian structure on the manifolds of the FIR filters. Then we derive the natural gradients on the manifolds using the isometry of the Riemannian metric. Using the natural gradient, we present a novel learning algorithm for blind deconvolution based on the minimization of mutual information. Some properties of the learning algorithm, such as equivariance and stability are also studied. Finally, the simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed algorithm.

Outreach channels for polar science:an expedition to Kerguelen Islands as a case study

Polar science outreach is strongly needed, because besides promoting the utility of polar studies for society as a whole, it can generate public demand for new projects and expeditions. The dissemination of polar discoveries should be reinforced in countries without polar territories and for which polar science might not be a priority. In this pilot study （N =182 participants） we have contrasted the opinions of polar scientists （French, Belgian, British, Canadian, Australian, German, Italian and Spanish researchers） with those of a potentially interested public （graduate students of pedagogy and biology）, in order to assess if the communication channels employed by polar researchers to make their results public align with those used by non-polar experts for learning about polar discoveries. The results revealed that scientific publications and presentations were considered a priority by the researchers, and these scientific communication channels were preferentially employed. Only a minority of researchers thought that non-scientific publications might be a good communication resource. In contrast, both groups of students, which considered polar research important but not a top priority, employed the Internet as their main channel for information about polar discoveries. Students assessed the use of polar discoveries as positive for educational purposes at both Primary and Secondary levels. The information presently received by students was perceived as being too generalist and the main suggestions to improve outreach in this field, in addition to the use of Internet, were more rapid dissemination of new discoveries.

SNS model for providing social network channels through queries

Users can obtain the information through a basic web searching and find the answer to the questions directly,but maybe the expected answer does not exist.Besides,we do not know the update of new information in time.The online social networking services spread quickly and store many user data,but these data are worth less and may be unreliable answer to users’ questions.Users can obtain the simple answer but can not expect more additional information in knowledge question-answering(QA)system.In this paper,we design the system with the advantages of knowledge QA system,web searching and characteristics of social networking service for providing social network channel based on the query and answer without users’ contact network.The user can obtain real-time answers by the user network interested in users’ querires through the network channel of this system,get the additional information effectively and share it with others in the social network channel in this system.

Multiple Communication Channels in Literary Texts

The statistical theory of language translation is used to compare how a literary character speaks to different audiences by diversifying two important linguistic communication channels: the “sentences channel” and the “interpunctions channel”. The theory can “measure” how the author shapes a character speaking to different audiences, by modulating deep-language parameters. To show its power, we have applied the theory to the literary corpus of Maria Valtorta, an Italian mystic of the XX-century. The likeness index , ranging from 0 to 1, allows to “measure” how two linguistic channels are similar, therefore implying that a character speaks to different audiences in the same way. A 6-dB difference between the signal-to-noise ratios of two channels already gives IL ≈ 0.5, a threshold below which the two channels depend very little on each other, therefore implying that the character addresses different audiences differently. In conclusion, multiple linguistic channels can describe the “fine tuning” that a literary author uses to diversify characters or distinguish the behavior of the same character in different situations. The theory can be applied to literary corpora written in any alphabetical language.

ZTE Communications Special Issue on Channel Measurement and Modeling for Heterogeneous 5G

While cellular networks have continuously evolved in re- cent years, the industry has clearly seen unprecedented chal- lenges to meet the exponentially growing expectations in the near future. The 5G system is facing grand challenges such as the ever-increasing traffic volumes and remarkably diver- sified services connecting humans and machines alike. As a result, the future network has to deliver massively increased capacity, greater flexibility, incorporated computing capabili- ty, support of significantly extended battery lifetime, and ac- commodation of varying payloads with fast setup and low latency, etc. In particular, as 5G requires more spectrum resource, higher frequency bands are desirable. Nowadays, millimeter wave has been widely accepted as one of the main communication bands for 5G.

ZTE Communications Special Issue on Channel Measurement and Modeling for Heterogeneous 5G

While cellular networks have continuously evolved in recent years, the industry has clearly seen unprecedented challenges to meet the exponentially growing expectations in the near future.

Nonstationary channel model of reentry plasma sheath for spacecraft: Overview, parameter estimation, and perspective

The Tracking,Telemetering,and Command(TT&C)communication of spacecraft faces severe limitations during reentry.The Electromagnetic(EM)propagation channel is influenced by changes in the flight state and fluid dynamics.In addition to the high-speed spatial channel,the Plasma Sheath Channel(PSC),which covers the surface of spacecraft,exhibits unique nonstationary and highly dynamic time-varying characteristics.The absence of a channel model for the reentry process of spacecraft negatively impacts the quality evaluation and system design of TT&C communication.This paper summarizes the methods for nonstationary PSC modeling,involving calculation methods for attenuation and phase shift in the channel,as well as a multistate nonstationary channel statistical model based on a hidden Markov process.Furthermore,the correlation between amplitude variation and phase variation with electron density is analyzed.The paper also provides statistical characteristics of the channel and channel parameters at typical frequencies in the S/C/X/Ka bands.These findings serve as a reference for the design and evaluation of TT&C communication systems for reentry spacecraft.Finally,the paper discusses the prospects of various aspects related to the channel characteristics and modeling of spacecraft PSCs in the shortwave and terahertz/laser bands,as well as the potential challenges in cross-domain spacecraft channel sensing and prediction.

MDL-based root-mean-squared delay spread estimation for MIMO OFDM systems

This paper studied the application of minimum description length (MDL) criterion for estimating root-mean-squared (RMS) delay spread (RDS) for MIMO OFDM systems. The analytic relationship between the powers and the correlation matrix of multipath components established the feasibility of the application of the MDL criterion to RDS estimation. The estimator presented both the estimate of instantaneous RDS and the estimates of noise variance, channel power and SNR of current channel with low computational complexity. Given the powers of the estimated multipath components, the MDL criterion was adopted to acquire the number of paths and the time delays of each path of current channel without making eigendecomposition of the correlation matrix normally required by MDL criterion, following which the noise variance and the power of each path can be estimated. The power delay profile (PDP) and RDS of the current channel were achieved. Simulation results showed that the proposed estimator was insensitive to variance of SNR and robust against frequency-selectivity.

Security-aware Signal Packing Algorithm for CAN-based Automotive Cyber-physical Systems

Network and software integration pose severe challenges in cyber-security for controller area network (CAN)-based automotive cyber-physical system (ACPS), therefore we employ message authentication code (MAC) to defend CAN against masquerade attack, but the consequent bandwidth overhead makes it a necessity to find the tradeoff among security, real-time and bandwidth utilization for signal packing problem (SPP) of CAN. A mixed-security signal model is firstly proposed to formally describe the properties and requirements on security and real-time for signals, and then a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation of SPP security-aware signal packing (SASP) is implemented to solve the tradeoff problem, where the bandwidth utilization is improved and the requirements in both security and real-time are met. Experiments based on both society of automotive engineers (SAE) standard signal set and simulated signal set showed the effectiveness of SASP by comparing with the state-of-the-art algorithm. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

An Algebraic Detection Approach for Control Systems under Multiple Stochastic Cyber-attacks

In order to compromise a target control system successfully, hackers possibly attempt to launch multiple cyberattacks aiming at multiple communication channels of the control system. However, the problem of detecting multiple cyber-attacks has been hardly investigated so far. Therefore, this paper deals with the detection of multiple stochastic cyber-attacks aiming at multiple communication channels of a control system. Our goal is to design a detector for the control system under multiple cyberattacks. Based on frequency-domain transformation technique and auxiliary detection tools, an algebraic detection approach is proposed. By applying the presented approach, residual information caused by different attacks is obtained respectively and anomalies in the control system are detected. Sufficient and necessary conditions guaranteeing the detectability of the multiple stochastic cyber-attacks are obtained. The presented detection approach is simple and straightforward. Finally, two simulation examples are provided, and the simulation results show that the detection approach is effective and feasible. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Practical Polar Code Construction For Degraded Multiple-Relay Networks

In this paper, based on the characteristics of polar codes, a new decode-and-forward strategy called generalized partial information relaying protocol is proposed for degraded multiple-relay networks with orthogonal receiver components(MRNORCs). In such a protocol, with the help of partial information from previous nodes, each relay node tries to recover the received source message and re-encodes part of the decoded message for transmission to satisfy the decoding requirements for the following relay node or the destination node. In order to construct practical polar codes, the nested structures are developed based on this protocol and the information sets corresponding to the partial messages forwarded are also calculated. The proposed scheme is proved to be capable of achieving the theoretical capacity of the degraded MRN-ORCs while still retains the low-complexity feature of polar codes. We perform simulations to testify the practicability of the proposed scheme and compare polar codes by using successive-cancellation list decoder(SCLD) with traditional low-density parity-check(LDPC) codes. The results show that the obtained polar codes provide significant gain.

Power allocation and mode selection methods for cooperative communication in the rectangular tunnel

For the multipath fading on electromagnetic waves of wireless communication in the confined areas,the rectangular tunnel cooperative communication system was established based on the multimode channel model and the channel capacity formula derivation was obtained.On the optimal criterion of the channel capacity,the power allocation methods of both amplifying and forwarding(AF) and decoding and forwarding(DF) cooperative communication systems were proposed in the limitation of the total power to maximize the channel capacity.The mode selection methods of single input single output(SISO) and single input multiple output(SIMO) models in the rectangular tunnel,through which the higher channel capacity can be obtained,were put forward as well.The theoretical analysis and simulation comparison show that,channel capacity of the wireless communication system in the rectangular tunnel can be effectively enhanced through the cooperative technology;channel capacity of the rectangular tunnel under complicated conditions is maximized through the proposed power allocation methods,and the optimal cooperative mode of the channel capacity can be chosen according to the cooperative mode selection methods given in the paper.

Performance Analysis of Mixed Amplify-and-Forward and Decode-and-Forward Protocol in Underlay Cognitive Networks

In this paper, we propose and evaluate outage performance of a mixed amplify-and-forward(AF) and decode-and-forward(DF) relaying protocol in underlay cognitive radio. Different from the conventional AF and DF protocols, in the proposed protocol, a secondary source attempts to transmit its signal to a secondary destination with help of two secondary relays. One secondary relay always operates in AF mode, while the remaining one always operates in DF mode. Moreover, we also propose a relay selection method, which relies on the decoding status at the DF relay. For performance evaluation and comparison, we derive the exact and approximate closedform expressions of the outage probability for the proposed protocol over Rayleigh fading channel. Finally, we run Monte Carlo simulations to verify the derivations. Results presented that the proposed protocol obtains a diversity order of three and the outage performance of our scheme is between that of the conventional underlay DF protocol and that of the conventional underlay AF protocol.