Exosomes originating from neural stem cells undergoing necroptosis participate in cellular communication by inducing TSC2 upregulation of recipient cells following spinal cord injury

We previously demonstrated that inhibiting neural stem cells necroptosis enhances functional recovery after spinal cord injury.While exosomes are recognized as playing a pivotal role in neural stem cells exocrine function,their precise function in spinal cord injury remains unclear.To investigate the role of exosomes generated following neural stem cells necroptosis after spinal cord injury,we conducted singlecell RNA sequencing and validated that neural stem cells originate from ependymal cells and undergo necroptosis in response to spinal cord injury.Subsequently,we established an in vitro necroptosis model using neural stem cells isolated from embryonic mice aged 16-17 days and extracted exosomes.The results showed that necroptosis did not significantly impact the fundamental characteristics or number of exosomes.Transcriptome sequencing of exosomes in necroptosis group identified 108 differentially expressed messenger RNAs,104 long non-coding RNAs,720 circular RNAs,and 14 microRNAs compared with the control group.Construction of a competing endogenous RNA network identified the following hub genes:tuberous sclerosis 2(Tsc2),solute carrier family 16 member 3(Slc16a3),and forkhead box protein P1(Foxp1).Notably,a significant elevation in TSC2 expression was observed in spinal cord tissues following spinal cord injury.TSC2-positive cells were localized around SRY-box transcription factor 2-positive cells within the injury zone.Furthermore,in vitro analysis revealed increased TSC2 expression in exosomal receptor cells compared with other cells.Further assessment of cellular communication following spinal cord injury showed that Tsc2 was involved in ependymal cellular communication at 1 and 3 days post-injury through the epidermal growth factor and midkine signaling pathways.In addition,Slc16a3 participated in cellular communication in ependymal cells at 7 days post-injury via the vascular endothelial growth factor and macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathways.Collectively,these findings confirm that exosomes derived from neural stem cells undergoing necroptosis play an important role in cellular communication after spinal cord injury and induce TSC2 upregulation in recipient cells.

Creating an English Environment to Foster the Students' Ability in Communicating

English is becoming more and more important in communicating as the further development of the reform and opening up. We English teacher should try our best to create and arrange a kind of language environment according to our students' practical life in order to improve and enhance their interest in English studying, to encourage them to practice English during their daily life and to cultivate their ability to communicate in English.

Influence of Clip Locations on Intraaneurysmal Flow Dynamics in Patient-specific Anterior Communicating Aneurysm Models with Different Aneurysmal Angle

To improve aneurysm treatment,this study examined the influence of clip locations on hemodynamic factors in patient-specific anterior communicating artery(ACoA)aneurysms with different aneurysmal angle.We proposed a simplified classification of ACoA aneurysms using aneurysmal angle,defined by the angle of pivot of the aneurysmal dome and the virtual two-dimensional plane created by both proximal A2 segments of anterior cerebral artery(ACA).ACoA aneurysms with three different aneurysmal angles,which are 15°,80°and 120°,were analyzed in our study.In this work,we obtained hemodynamics before and after clipping surgery with three clip locations based on clinical clipping strategies in three ACoA aneurysms with different aneurysm angles.Results showed that local high pressure occurs at impingement region of the ACoA aneurysm before clipping and new impingement region close to the clipping location after clipping treatment.For clipping the aneurysm with aneurysmal angle 15°and a wide neck,wall shear stress(WSS)distribution is more uniform when the clipping angle of two clips close to 180°comparing with other two angles.In addition,for clipping the aneurysm with aneurysmal angle 80°and 120°,local high pressure appears on new impingement region and high WSS distributes around the clipping location when the clip plane is normal to the direction of inflow of aneurysm from the dominance of A1 segment of ACA.Hence,we should avoid the impingement of inflow from the A1 segment and choose a favorable clipping location for the fastness of clip.The results of our study could preoperatively give a useful information to the decision of surgical plan.

Social Values and Ethics for Communicating the Corporate Identity

The on-going changes--as both opportunities and threats--push companies to look for competitive advantages and differentiation from competitors by making the best use of certain strategic levers; they are mainly represented by intangible resources （as harder to imitate） such as trade marks, brands, intellectual properties, ethics, and social values. Values in particular become more relevant if taking into consideration the company as a set of ＂human beings＂; companies must be more integrated with its reference society and need to communicate with both external and internal audience covering different expectations, needs and cultures. In this sense, the traditional communication may be now defined as ＂integrated communication＂. Accordingly, ethical principles and corporate social responsibility values are fundamental drivers of this integrated communication policies and are more and more reflected into the company＇s mission. The aim of the present paper is to analyze--at both a quality and an empirical level--the effectiveness of ethics and corporate social responsibility values as drivers for integrated communication. A sample of Italian listed food and beverage companies has been considered to establish if and how ethical principles and sharing corporate values have been built and implemented during the last years; the expected results are to demonstrate the link between literature and empirical evidence concerning effectiveness of integrated communication and its impact on company＇s financial results and--in particular--on value creation for shareholders. Eventually, the study results show that there might be huge benefits in using an integrated communication; talking to people in a coherent way and sharing values constantly make firms achieve best results.

A Model for Communicating Social Problems: Perception,Knowledge,Incorporation,and Change

The article proposes a model to analyze, interpret, and construct the communication of social problems and everyday life. Four relevant aspects (perception, knowledge, integration, and change) of communication processes will be addressed, highlighting the issues to be addressed in light of the deep media coverage of our social world. In particular, it explores how perception changes profoundly in relation to the social conditions, groups, and communities to which one belongs. Furthermore, particular attention is paid to the difficult process of incorporation which allows concepts and social problems to become “family” through communication processes. Incorporation is a prerequisite for changing ideas and behaviors towards social problems. In conclusion, a strategy will be proposed to communicate social problems deepening dimensions and strongholds to be followed with particular reference to popularity and narratives in communication processes.

The Importance of Adopting Leadership Concepts inCommunicating Medicinal Culture of Chinese Medicine in theWestern World

Cultures are beliefs, knowledge, and languages people use to communicate with others. In the same rationale, the communication betweenChinese and Western medicinal cultures is the communication between two medicinal beliefs, knowledge, and languages. In this article,the key components of Chinese and Western cultures will be discussed to lay the foundations for better communication of TraditionalChinese Medicine (TCM) in the Western world. Besides the discussion of similarities and differences between the two cultures, the potentialof being complementary to each other in practices will be explored. Moreover, in this article, using key leadership skills to enable bettercommunication and practices of TCM in the Western world will be examined as well.

Anterior communicating artery aneurysm associated with duplicated hypoplastic right A1 segment

Variations of the anterior cerebral artery(ACA)-anterior communicating artery(ACo A) complex are commonly observed when associated with a symptomatic intracranial aneurysm. We report an asymptomatic ACo A aneurysm associated with duplicated hypoplastic A1 segment of the right ACA, observed in a 70-year-old female cadaver. Furthermore, the aneurysm, practically substituting the ACo A, caused a remarkable depression on the internal surface of the right frontal lobe, anterior to the optic chiasm. Aneurysms and other anomalies of the ACA and ACo A are common and their microvascular surgical management requires sound knowledge of the normal and variant vascular anatomy. Persistence of some embryonic vessels that normally disappear, disappearance of vessels that would normally persist or sprouting of new vessels due to hemodynamic and genetic factors are the usual causes for such anomalies. The high incidence of coexisting vascular anomalies and aneurysm suggests that such abnormalities predispose to aneurysm formation due to changes in the regional blood flow. A1 segment duplication has been reported to occur in 4% of subjects in cadaveric studies and in up to 0.5%-9.7% of cases of ACo A aneurysm surgery. Angiographic hypoplasias and aplasias of the A1 seg-ment have been also correlated with ACo A aneurysm patients.

Distributed Nash Equilibrium Seeking Strategies Under Quantized Communication

This paper is concerned with distributed Nash equi librium seeking strategies under quantized communication. In the proposed seeking strategy, a projection operator is synthesized with a gradient search method to achieve the optimization o players' objective functions while restricting their actions within required non-empty, convex and compact domains. In addition, a leader-following consensus protocol, in which quantized informa tion flows are utilized, is employed for information sharing among players. More specifically, logarithmic quantizers and uniform quantizers are investigated under both undirected and connected communication graphs and strongly connected digraphs, respec tively. Through Lyapunov stability analysis, it is shown that play ers' actions can be steered to a neighborhood of the Nash equilib rium with logarithmic and uniform quantizers, and the quanti fied convergence error depends on the parameter of the quan tizer for both undirected and directed cases. A numerical exam ple is given to verify the theoretical results.

Communication Resource-Efficient Vehicle Platooning Control With Various Spacing Policies

Platooning represents one of the key features that connected automated vehicles may possess as it allows multiple automated vehicles to be maneuvered cooperatively with small headways on roads. However, a critical challenge in accomplishing automated vehicle platoons is to deal with the effects of intermittent and sporadic vehicle-to-vehicle data transmissions caused by limited wireless communication resources. This paper addresses the co-design problem of dynamic event-triggered communication scheduling and cooperative adaptive cruise control for a convoy of automated vehicles with diverse spacing policies. The central aim is to achieve automated vehicle platooning under various gap references with desired platoon stability and spacing performance requirements, while simultaneously improving communication efficiency. Toward this aim, a dynamic event-triggered scheduling mechanism is developed such that the intervehicle data transmissions are scheduled dynamically and efficiently over time. Then, a tractable co-design criterion on the existence of both the admissible event-driven cooperative adaptive cruise control law and the desired scheduling mechanism is derived. Finally, comparative simulation results are presented to substantiate the effectiveness and merits of the obtained results.

Falcon Optimization Algorithm-Based Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Cluster-Based Vehicular Networks

Rapid development in Information Technology(IT)has allowed several novel application regions like large outdoor vehicular networks for Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)transmission.Vehicular networks give a safe and more effective driving experience by presenting time-sensitive and location-aware data.The communication occurs directly between V2V and Base Station(BS)units such as the Road Side Unit(RSU),named as a Vehicle to Infrastructure(V2I).However,the frequent topology alterations in VANETs generate several problems with data transmission as the vehicle velocity differs with time.Therefore,the scheme of an effectual routing protocol for reliable and stable communications is significant.Current research demonstrates that clustering is an intelligent method for effectual routing in a mobile environment.Therefore,this article presents a Falcon Optimization Algorithm-based Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Cluster-based Routing(FOA-EECPCR)technique in VANETS.The FOA-EECPCR technique intends to group the vehicles and determine the shortest route in the VANET.To accomplish this,the FOA-EECPCR technique initially clusters the vehicles using FOA with fitness functions comprising energy,distance,and trust level.For the routing process,the Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)is derived with a fitness function that encompasses two variables,namely,energy and distance.A series of experiments have been conducted to exhibit the enhanced performance of the FOA-EECPCR method.The experimental outcomes demonstrate the enhanced performance of the FOA-EECPCR approach over other current methods.

Cooperative User-Scheduling and Resource Allocation Optimization for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Enhanced LEO Satellite Communication

Lower Earth Orbit(LEO) satellite becomes an important part of complementing terrestrial communication due to its lower orbital altitude and smaller propagation delay than Geostationary satellite. However, the LEO satellite communication system cannot meet the requirements of users when the satellite-terrestrial link is blocked by obstacles. To solve this problem, we introduce Intelligent reflect surface(IRS) for improving the achievable rate of terrestrial users in LEO satellite communication. We investigated joint IRS scheduling, user scheduling, power and bandwidth allocation(JIRPB) optimization algorithm for improving LEO satellite system throughput.The optimization problem of joint user scheduling and resource allocation is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem. To cope with this problem, the nonconvex optimization problem is divided into resource allocation optimization sub-problem and scheduling optimization sub-problem firstly. Second, we optimize the resource allocation sub-problem via alternating direction multiplier method(ADMM) and scheduling sub-problem via Lagrangian dual method repeatedly.Third, we prove that the proposed resource allocation algorithm based ADMM approaches sublinear convergence theoretically. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed JIRPB optimization algorithm improves the LEO satellite communication system throughput.

Communicating in Product Harm Crises: Do the Right Thing

Food recalls can have very serious aftermath from many points of view: starting from the outbreak consequences on public health, on company’s reputation, sell-out, finance, up to putting at risk the survival of the firm itself. From a formal point of view, a product harm crisis presents similarities with other emergency situations: both of them consist in unpredictable events, often due to unknown or undervalued causes, which can significantly alter normal business and compromise the safety of the company, of its employees and customers. Given the potential damage resulting from a dangerous product crisis, it is surprising that in the food industry alongside mere procedures (often reducible to botched manuals compiled solely because their presence reassures auditors and authorities) there is still little attention to an approach based on a method. Formal corporate procedures (manuals and crisis management plans) are important, but can cause a false sense of security and preparedness, if executives do not possess an adequate crisis management culture, which depends, as well as on experience and training, also on the ability to assume the correct behavioral posture, and which involves psychological, organizational and communicational skills that can not be undervalued. The purpose of this article is to provide a practical approach based on the experience of crisis-management (applied in emergency situations by health professionals, armed forces and civil protection) useful to support food industry during a food recall, in order to avoid the most classic errors that can undermine speed of reaction, corrective measures effectiveness and leadership, in the most delicate moments for a company life. If it is true the way a firm manages the recall affects its impact, it is necessary to assess the fundamental factors to be observed at such times: timeliness, lucidity, responsibility, leadership.

Cooperative UAV search strategy based on DMPC-AACO algorithm in restricted communication scenarios

Improvement of integrated battlefield situational awareness in complex environments involving dynamic factors such as restricted communications and electromagnetic interference(EMI)has become a contentious research problem.In certain mission environments,due to the impact of many interference sources on real-time communication or mission requirements such as the need to implement communication regulations,the mission stages are represented as a dynamic combination of several communication-available and communication-unavailable stages.Furthermore,the data interaction between unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)can only be performed in specific communication-available stages.Traditional cooperative search algorithms cannot handle such situations well.To solve this problem,this study constructed a distributed model predictive control(DMPC)architecture for a collaborative control of UAVs and used the Voronoi diagram generation method to re-plan the search areas of all UAVs in real time to avoid repetition of search areas and UAV collisions while improving the search efficiency and safety factor.An attention mechanism ant-colony optimization(AACO)algorithm is proposed for UAV search-control decision planning.The search strategy is adaptively updated by introducing an attention mechanism for regular instruction information,a priori information,and emergent information of the mission to satisfy different search expectations to the maximum extent.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better search performance than traditional algorithms in restricted communication constraint scenarios.

Effect of sequential nursing care combined with communication intervention on visual recovery and pain after cataract ultrasound emulsification

BACKGROUND Cataracts are a common ophthalmic disease and postoperative vision recovery is crucial to patient quality of life.Rational and efficient care models play an impor-tant role in promoting vision recovery.AIM To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of procedural nursing care combined with communication intervention in vision recovery after cataract ultrasound emulsi-fication.METHODS A randomized controlled study was conducted on 100 patients with cataracts who underwent ultrasound emulsification surgery.They were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group.The experimental group received procedural nursing combined with Connect,Introduce,Communicate,Ask,Respond,Exit(CICARE)communication intervention,whereas the control group received conventional nursing.The effectiveness of the nursing model was assessed by comparing differences in vision recovery,pain scores,and mental health status between the two groups.RESULTS It was found that over time the visual acuity of patients in both groups gradually recovered and patients in the experimental group had lower pain scores and superior mental health status than the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Procedural nursing combined with CICARE communication intervention has positive effects on vision recovery in patients after cataract ultrasound emulsification.

Communicating Geologically-Underpinned Issues： Drivers and Mechanisms

Geologists can offer key insights in regard to several high profile environmental issues that are faced today. At the same time, like scientists in most other disciplines, many geologists are not naturally adept at communicating in an effective manner with non-geologists. This paper firstly identifies the more subtle facets of topical major issues （the drivers） where geologists can contribute important perspectives. Next, the detractions to effective communication are identified, along with the recommended means to overcome them （the mechanisms）. Many topical issues are in fact geologically-underpinned （e.g. obviously, geohazards）, so geologists ought to have something meaningful to say. By the same token, if geologists have difficulty communicating with other scientists, how can they possibly hope to communicate with journalists and with the public at large？ Proper scientific contextualization is an ideal starting point, but this fundamental framing step does not always suit protagonists who have non-scientific agendas. Thus, geologists not only have to convey their science （geology） in an understandable way, but to do so in a truly effective manner must recognize and take into account possible predispositions that their audience may have.

Communicating to the Religiously Secure： Kierkegaard, Luke, and Indirect Communication

Familiar material can be seen through fresh eyes when approached by those outside of our discipline. Soren Kierkegaard＇s （1962） work from the late 19th century helped a multitude of theologians re-evaluate their understanding of the New Testament （1992） and influenced many in the realm of philosophy in the opening half of the 20th century. It is possible that his work could shed new light on our understanding of the Controversy Sections in the Gospels between Jesus and the Pharisees. Kierkegaard＇s attempt to help those caught in ＂Christendom＂ move to ＂Christianity＂ will be compared with the ＂Gospel of Luke＂＇s presentation of Jesus attempting to move the Pharisees to true faith. Structural Analysis, an adaptation of Form Criticism, will be employed to demonstrate that the Gospel＇s presentation of Jesus＇ approach to the Religiously Secure parallels that of Kierkegaard

Communicating About Translation： Task-based Speaking

This study views pedagogical translation as a means of developing language skills, especially oral communication. Contrary to the claim that translation focuses only on reading and writing, this study presents anecdotal evidence showing that a learner-centered approach to translation can help foreign language students improve their speaking skill through group work, problem-solving, and cooperative learning. To this end, the paper presents practical examples of lexical, structural, textual, and cultural issues that students discussed in their process-oriented Arabic-English-Arabic pedagogical translation courses at the university level. The students were divided into groups of three or four to work together at all stages of the translation process. They spent most of the class time comprehending the source text, translating it, and discussing each other＇s target versions. In the remaining class time, the whole class discussed a target text translated by any one of the groups. The students were instructed to use English in their group and whole-class deliberations. They were also instructed to use the appropriate language functions, structures, and expressions to achieve objectivity in their arguments. The study calls for further empirical research to verify the usefulness of the proposed learner-centered translation-based technique of teaching speaking

Communicating the Probabilities of Extreme Surface Temperature Outcomes

The magnitude of the future global warming is uncertain, but the possible dramatic changes associated with high temperatures have seen rising attention in the literature. Projections of temperature change in the literature are often presented in probabilistic terms and typically highlight the most likely ranges of future temperature under assumed emission scenarios. However, focusing on these high probability outcomes of global warming omits important information related to the threats of low-probability but high-impact outcomes under more extreme change. As such, we argue that the literature should place more emphasis on communicating the probabilities of extreme temperature change, in a way that is accessible to policymakers and the general public. The damage associated with climate change is likely to be non-linear with temperature, and thus extreme temperature changes may pose a larger risk than the most likely outcomes. We use a simple climate model to explore the probabilities of high surface temperature under business as usual emissions scenarios, given current knowledge of the climate system. In a business as usual scenario (A1FI) we find the probability of “likely” warming (central 66%) to be approximately 4.4°C-6.9°C in 2100 (above 1900 levels). However, we find extreme (>7°C) warming to embody a notable portion of damage risk compared to this likely range.

5-32 Network Communicating between IPC and Multimeter Based on LabView

The output stability of power supply for Heavy Ion Research Facility of Lanzhou (HIRFL) is signicant. Powersupply provides currents to magnets which produce the magnetic eld to constraint particles. So the output stabilityof power supply has a great signicance to the quality of beams. In order to test the stability of power supply, weuse a Fluke 8846A digit precision multimeter based on LabView platform of National Instrument Corporation.Remote operation of 8846A Digital Multimeter from a host, that is a terminal, controller, PC, or computer, isaccomplished by sending commands to it through one of its remote interfaces. The Multimeter is controlled remotelyusing Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI), Fluke 45 or Fluke 8842A (8840A and 8842A)commands. The meter can be remotely controlled through the LAN port on the Meter's rear panel[1] We can sendSCPI commands to the Meter using network communicating controls provided by LabView[2]. This program couldbe used to test output stability of power supply of HIRFL.

Hypoplastic plexiform right anterior cerebral artery and absence of anterior communicating artery—A case report

Anterior cerebral artery is the smaller terminal branch of the internal carotid artery. It is one of the arteries involved in the formation of the arterial circle of Willis at the base of the brain. Its hypoplasia or absence can cause serious problems during neurosurgery or in the vascular dynamics of the brain. We found a rare variation of the right anterior cerebral artery during the dissection of the brain. The initial segment of the artery was hypoplastic and plexiform. The anterior communicating artery was absent. The right and left anterior cerebral arteries fused with each other for a distance of about 1 cm. The course, size and distribution of the distal part of the right anterior cerebral artery were normal. This case may be of special importance to neurosurgeonsand radiologists. Obstructionor rupture of the left anterior cerebral artery in such cases might result in infarct of the medial surfaces of both cerebral hemispheres.