Acute hospital-community hospital care bundle for elderly orthopedic surgery patients:A propensity score-matched economic analysis

BACKGROUND While Singapore attains good health outcomes,Singapore’s healthcare system is confronted with bed shortages and prolonged stays for elderly people recovering from surgery in acute hospitals.An Acute Hospital-Community Hospital(AHCH)care bundle has been developed to assist patients in postoperative rehabilitation.The core concept is to transfer patients out of AHs when clinically recommended and into CHs,where they can receive more beneficial dedicated care to aid in their recovery,while freeing up bed capacities in AHs.AIM To analyze the AH length of stay(LOS),costs,and savings associated with the AH-CH care bundle intervention initiated and implemented in elderly patients aged 75 years and above undergoing elective orthopedic surgery.METHODS A total of 8621:1 propensity score-matched patients aged 75 years and above who underwent elective orthopedic surgery in Singapore General Hospital(SGH)before(2017-2018)and after(2019-2021)the care bundle intervention period was analyzed.Outcome measures were AH LOS,CH LOS,hospitalization metrics,postoperative 30-d mortality,and modified Barthel Index(MBI)scores.The costs of AH inpatient hospital stay in the matched cohorts were compared using cost data in Singapore dollars.RESULTS Of the 862 matched elderly patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery before and after the care bundle intervention,the age distribution,sex,American Society of Anesthesiologists classification,Charlson Comorbidity Index,and surgical approach were comparable between both groups.Patients transferred to CHs after the surgery had a shorter median AH LOS(7 d vs 9 d,P<0.001).The mean total AH inpatient cost per patient was 14.9%less for the elderly group transferred to CHs(S$24497.3 vs S$28772.8,P<0.001).The overall AH U-turn rates for elderly patients within the care bundle were low,with a 0%mortality rate following orthopedic surgery.When elderly patients were discharged from CHs,their MBI scores increased significantly(50.9 vs 71.9,P<0.001).CONCLUSION The AH-CH care bundle initiated and implemented in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery appears to be effective and cost-saving for SGH.Our results indicate that transitioning care between acute and community hospitals using this care bundle effectively reduces AH LOS in elderly patients receiving orthopedic surgery.Collaboration between acute and community care providers can assist in closing the care delivery gap and enhancing service quality.

The HIV’s Transmission from the Mother to the Child at the Community Hospital Center of Bangui (Central African Republic)

Objective: Assess the impact of B + option on mother-to-child HIV’s transmission at the community university hospital center after 4 years of use. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective and analytical study from January 1st 2015 to December 31st 2018 i.e. 4 years. The population’s study was on HIV-positive mothers and their infants care in the service. Results: A total of 323 files of infants born from HIV-positive mothers were selected and having performed the PCR. 9 of them were HIV positive representing a rate of 2.79% mother-to-child HIV’s transmission. This prevalence was 1.1% for women who started ART before and during pregnancy. The average age of newborns was 29 years. Mothers were literally rating in 24.15% during the period of starting antiretroviral therapy, 63% during pregnancy and 19% before pregnancy. For the delivery’s way 295 delivered vaginally;they represented 91.33%. Cesarean delivery was 8.67%. Exclusive breastfeeding represented 87.31% of the diet. Mothers who started ARV therapy during the labor and after delivery were more likely to transmit HIV to their infants than mothers who started ART before and during pregnancy (p = 0.01). The other risk factors were represented by premature rupture of the membranes (p = 0.0001), hours of labor (p = 0.0001), use of suction cup (p = 0.0005), birth weight less than 2500 g (p = 0.00). Conclusion: Mother-to-child HIV’s transmission still remains a public health problem at the Community University Hospital.

Comprehensive therapeutic effect of the stroke rehabilitation unit in a medium-sized comprehensive community hospital

BACKGROUND： Acute stroke unit （stroke care unit） is developing in some domestic large-sized hospitals, but most stroke patients need stroke rehabilitation unit therapy, so setting stroke rehabilitation unit in medium-sized comprehensive community hospital （secondary hospital）, where medical facility is relatively insufficient, is a new pathway to satisfy stroke patients. OBJECTIVE： To observe the comprehensive effect of developing stroke rehabilitation unit based on the facility of secondary hospital and its feasibility. DESIGN： Non-randomized concurrent controlled observation SETTING： Department of Neurology, Beijing Longfu Hospital PARTICIPANTS： Totally 264 stroke reconvalescents who suffered stroke for 7 days and received treatment in the Department of Neurology, Beijing Longfu Hospital during June 2003 to June 2005 were involved in the study. All the involved patients were confirmed by CT or MRI. The patients were scored by using Modified Edinbergh-Scandinavia stroke scale （SSS） 〉 16 points. Written informed consents were obtained from all the patients. The patients were assigned into 2 groups according to the willing of patients and their relatives： （1）treatment group, in which, there were 134 patients, 76 males and 58 females, aged 43 to 74 years; cerebral infarction was found in 116 cases and cerebral hemorrhage in 18 cases;（2） control group, in which, there were 130 patients, 66 males and 64 females, aged 45 to 77 years, cerebral infarction was found in 115 cases and cerebral hemorrhage in 15 cases. There were significant differences in baseline data of the patients between two groups. METHODS： A same basic treatment was conducted in the patients of the two groups. （1） Patients in the treatment group admitted to stroke rehabilitation unit and received comprehensive rehabilitation treatment. The rehabilitation flow-sheet： randomization-letting the patients of treatment group go into the unit-making comprehensive assessment in the initial stage-making therapy plan-talking with patients and their other family members-general rehabilitation-making metaphase assessment-adjusting therapy plan-making final assessment-letting the patients discharge and doing follow-up visits. （2） The patients in the control group admitted to common wards, and they were encouraged to do activities by themselves in the early stage, but did not receive rehabilitation training under the instructions from professional physicians. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The following assessments were conducted on admission and 7 and 28 days after admission： （1） Severity of stroke and motor function： scored as 0 to 45 points by SSS, the higher points, the severer damage. （2）Activities of daily living： Evaluated by Barthel index, 110 points in total, 110 points meant normal, 0 point meant extremely poor. （3）Mental status： evaluated by Hopkin＇s symptom scale with a 5-point scoring. The symptom was scored with low to high points. （4）Cognitive function： Quantification measurement was conducted with LOTCA method. The higher points, the better therapeutic effects. RESULTS： （1） Three cases dropped out and one died in the treatment group, 11 cases dropped out and 4 died in the control group. （2）The neurologic impairment points on 7 and 28 days after therapy in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group separately [7 days：（9.73±6.43） points vs. （12.63± 7.87） points, t =2.28, P〈 0.05;28 days：（7.88±4.81） points vs. （9.84±7.03）points, t =2.04, P〈 0.05]. Barthel index on 7 and 28 days after therapy in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group separately [7 days：（54.28±8.38） points vs. （39.76±7.31） points, t =2.206, P 〈 0.05; 28 days： （89.72±7.94） points vs. （67.34±8.63） points, t =2.812, P 〈 0.01]. （4） Patients were allocated into different age groups based on age and evaluated with LOTCA. Results showed that there were no significant differences among different age groups （P 〉 0.05）. （5） Totally 160 patients in the two groups accomplished the Hopkin＇s test, among them, 94 （58.7%） had different mental disorders; Among the patients with mental disorder, depression, obsessive-compulsive and anxiety were found mostly, being 53.8%, 52.5% and 46.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION： （1） Developing stroke rehabilitation unit therapy in the secondary hospital can obviously improve the motor function and activities of daily living of stroke reconvalescents. （2） More than half of the stroke reconvalescents accompany the symptoms of depression, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety and other mental disorders. （3） The cognitive function of stroke reconvalescents is not related to age.

Surgery for Acute Stanford Type A Aortic Dissection in an Inner City Community Hospital: Single Surgeon’s Experience

Objective: An inverse relationship between volume and mortality in some cardiothoracic surgical procedures has been previously established, leading to suggestions that acute aortic dissection should not be operated in community or low volume heart centers. We therefore reviewed our experience to compare with published data. Methods: Retrospective review of 27 patients who underwent proximal aortic surgery by a single surgeon at an inner city community hospital between May 2004 and April 2015. 16 patients, mean age 51.7 ± 13.6 years old, 75.0% males underwent emergency surgery for acute Stanford type A aortic dissection, while 9 with root or ascending aortic aneurysm, mean age 50.3 ± 15.0 years old, 88.9% males had elective proximal aortic surgery. 2 patients with arch aneurysm were excluded. Results: Four (25.0%) patients with acute dissection were in Penn class A, 3 (18.7%) Penn B, 3 (18.7%) Penn C and 6 (37.5%) Penn B+C. 10 (62.5%) patients underwent emergency root replacement with 60.0% (6/10) mortality all related to malperfusion including 2 patients with bloody stools, while 6 (37.5%) underwent supracoronary graft replacement with 16.6% (1/6) mortality from cardiac tamponade. The 5-year survival was 89.0%. In patients with aortic aneurysm, 8 (88.9%) underwent elective root replacement and 1 (11.1%) supracoronary graft replacement with zero mortality. Conclusion: Supracoronary graft replacement is performed for the majority of uncomplicated acute type A dissections and can be undertaken by the average general cardiac surgeon with acceptable results. Visceral malperfusion especially when associated with bloody stools portends a poor prognosis, and aortic dissection should be excluded in any Marfan patient presenting with acute abdomen. Delaying intervention in attempting transfer to a tertiary hospital can potentially increase preoperative mortality, known to rise with each passing hour from onset of acute dissection. Patients presenting therefore to community hospitals should probably undergo surgery there to avoid complications associated with delay.

Determinants of Maternal Mortality at the Community University Hospital of Bangui: Central African Republic

Introduction: Pregnancy is a physiological condition that can sometimes end in death. The death of a woman is a constant concern for the obstetrician and is considered a major public health problem in our developing countries. Objective: To identify the determinants that contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality in the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of the University Community Hospital. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective study from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019 (5 years) in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Communautaire (CHUC). It focused on the determinants of maternal mortality. Our study population consisted of all women who died during the period and met the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of maternal mortality (MOMA). We used non-probability sampling with the exhaustive choice technique. Results: The study revealed that the number of deaths recorded was 98, while 17,172 live births were registered during the same period. The maternal mortality ratio was 570 per 100,000 live births. The most common age group was 20 to 24, with an average age of 26. The frequency of death among primiparous women was 37.74%, pauciparous women 28.30% and multiparous women 26.42%. Direct causes were dominated by abortion complications (22.41%), followed by infections (9.30%) and haemorrhage (8.19%). Indirect causes were dominated by anaemia with a proportion of 45.16%. The majority of maternal deaths occurred in the post-partum period (34.71%). Most maternal deaths occurred after vaginal delivery, 19 cases (63.33%), while 11 deaths (36.66%) occurred after caesarean section. The occurrence of direct causes was associated with age less than or equal to 25 years, abortion complications and primiparity, with a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: At the end of this study, complications of unsafe abortion and poverty are all factors contributing to the rise in the maternal mortality rate. Emphasis should be placed on promoting family planning, as this would make a major contribution to reducing maternal mortality.

Situational Analysis of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Control and the Use of Statin Therapy in Diabetes Patients Treated in Community Hospitals in Nanjing, China

Background：Comprehensive management of diabetes should include management of its comorbid conditions,especially cardiovascular complications,which are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes.Dyslipidemia is a comorbid condition of diabetes and a risk factor for cardiovascular complications.Therefore,lipid level management is a key of managing patients with diabetes successfully.However,it is not clear that how well dyslipidemia is managed in patients with diabetes in local Chinese health-care communities.This study aimed to assess how well low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） was managed in Nanjing community hospitals,China.Methods：We reviewed clinical records of 7364 diabetic patients who were treated in eleven community hospitals in Nanjing from October 2005 to October 2014.Information regarding LDL-C level,cardiovascular risk factors,and use of lipid-lowering agents were collected.Results：In patients without history of cardiovascular disease （CVD）,92.1% had one or more CVD risk factors,and the most common CVD risk factor was dyslipidemia.The overall average LDL-C level was 2.80 ± 0.88 mmol/L,which was 2.62 ± 0.90 mmol/L and 2.82 ± 0.87 mmol/L in patients with and without CVD history respectively.Only 38% of all patients met the target goal and 37.3% of patients who took lipid-lowering agents met target goal.Overall,24.5% of all patients were on lipid-lowering medication,and 36.3% of patients with a CVD history and 20.9% of patients without CVD history took statins for LDL-C management.The mean statin dosage was 13.9 ± 8.9 mg.Conclusions：Only a small portion of patients achieved target LDL-C level,and the rate of using statins to control LDL-C was low.Managing LDL-C with statins in patients with diabetes should be promoted,especially in patients without a CVD history and with one or more CVD risk factors.

Characteristics of abnormal menstrual cycle and polycystic ovary syndrome in community and hospital populations

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） is considered to be the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age.The involvement of an abnormal menstrual cycle in the etiology of PCOS remains unclear.We aimed to analyze the characteristics of abnormal menstrual cycles and their association with PCOS in community and hospital patient populations.Methods Women with PCOS identified from 2111 permanent female residents in the community of Beijing and 506 outpatients obtained from the reproductive clinic of Peking University Third Hospital were recruited for this study,comprising the PCOS community group and the PCOS hospital group, respectively.Each group was further divided into four subgroups according to the length of menstrual cycles： 〈21 days; 21-34 days; 35-60 days; and 〉60 days.Women in each group were interviewed using a questionnaire to assess factors including age, age of menarche, menstrual cycle history, related family history, and modified Ferriman-Gallwey （mF-G） score.All women received transvaginal ultrasound scan and had fasting blood samples taken for endocrine evaluation.A two-tailed P value of 〈0.05 was considered significant.Results In the community population, the prevalence of abnormal menstrual cycle was 27.19% （574/2111）.The prevalence of PCOS in the community was 6.11% （129/2111） according to Rotterdam criteria.In the community group,the most common menstrual cycle length was 35-60 days, whereas for the hospital group, it was 〉60 days.In both the community and hospital groups, the most common phenotype of PCOS was that of Oligo/amenorrhea＋PCO＋hyperandrogenism （HA） （O＋P＋H） （P=0.000）.With increasing cycle length of 35-60 days to 〉60 days, the percentages of Oligo/amenorrhea＋PCO （O＋P） and O＋P＋H were found to significantly decrease in the community group and significantly increase in the hospital group （P=0.000 for each）.In the hospital group, as the menstrual cycle length increased from 35-60 days to 〉60 days, the rate of spontaneous abortion increased significantly （P=0.000）, meanwhile the rate of poorly-secreted endometrium and abnormal endometrial hyperplasia increased significantly （P=0.000）.Conclusions The prevalence of PCOS in the Beijing community of women was 6.11%.Oligo/arnenorrhea was the most common type of abnormal menstrual cycle and may be an indicator for PCOS and endometrial lesions.Gynecologists should seek relevant medical information from women in the community to promptly diagnose PCOS and then follow up patients for potential development of subsequent complications.

Implementation of International Society Guidelines on Chorionicity Determination in Twins:A Multi-Center Cohort Study in China's Mainland

Objective:Ultrasound determination of chorionicity is poor in early pregnancy in China.In an effort to increase the accuracy rate of prompt chorionicity determination,clinical training was provided to primary care physicians.This study assesses the effects of implementing clinical guidelines on chorionicity determination.Methods:A multi-centered cohort study was conducted between January 2014 and June 2017 in 12 hospitals without fetal medicine centers.In 2014,the obstetricians and ultrasound physicians were trained in clinical practice and ultrasound examination relating to chorionicity determination.Linear and binary regression analyses were conducted to identify the effects of introducing the new protocols,including the diagnosis rate of chorionicty and perinatal outcomes,taking the data from 2014 as a baseline.Pregnancy outcomes were additionally adjusted for maternal age.Results:During the period of this study,3,599 twin pregnancies from 12 centers were enrolled,and a total of 2,998 twin pregnancies were extracted.The rate of overall chorionicity determination,including antenatal and postpartum diagnosis,increased successively from 49.5% in 2014 to 93.5% in 2017(P<0.0001).The rate of ultrasonic chorionicity diagnosis before 14 weeks increased from 25.2% in 2014 to 65.0% in 2017(P<0.0001).These changes were associated with decreasing incidence of preterm birth,a lower risk of stillbirth,whether for one(P=0.0456 in 2016)or two fetuses(P=0.0470 in 2016;P=0.0042 in 2017)and a decreased rate of admission to neonatal intensive care unit(43.0% in 2014,37.4% in 2017;P=0.0032).Conclusions:The implementation of a clinical practice guideline improved both overall and early chorionicity determinations.Regular training workshops of antenatal care are recommended to further promote capability in clinical diagnosis and treatment.