Simulated patient methodology as a“gold standard”in community pharmacy practice:Response to criticism

The simulated patient methodology(SPM)is considered the“gold standard”as covert participatory observation.SPM is attracting increasing interest for the investigation of community pharmacy practice;however,there is criticism that SPM can only show a small picture of everyday pharmacy practice and therefore has limited external validity.On the one hand,a certain design and application of the SPM goes hand in hand with an increase in external validity.Even if,on the other hand,this occurs at the expense of internal validity due to the trade-off situation,the justified criticism of the SPM for investigating community pharmacy practice can be countered.

Does Size Matter？ How Firm Size Affects Social Externalities and Community and Regional Development

This study shows how family firm size affects the extent to which bus and coach operators in Australia interact with and contribute to their community by quantifying the value of eight social externalities and presenting the results, using the number of staff and the number of buses per operator as the denominators. The study highlights how a transaction between the government, as buyer, and the bus operator, as seller of services, can affect an external factor that being community and regional development. The results suggest that the small- and medium-sized family firm bus operators are the governance models most likely to contribute toward achieving community and regional development outcomes, which in turn, highlights the importance placed on the achievement of the non-financial goals of family firms and the socio-emotional wealth of the community in which it is embedded. This study suggests that it is possible that contracting bus-services for social value, rather than just lowest price, would create greater benefit for the community and this would offset any gains in economic efficiency achieved by large and non-family firms.

Rural Carbon Emissions Based on Community Management

Rural community is an effective way to simultaneously achieve manage- ment of ecological resources and protection of natural resources, depending on its management mode based on cooperation, motivation, local experiences and extensi- ble boundary. In the research, carbon emission in community is a kind of ecological resources and negative externality is the cause of increase of rural carbon emission. Compared with governmental ruling and marketing approach, community manage- ment mode proves more effective to solve the problem of negative externality of carbon emission in community. Furthermore, rural carbon, emission was analyzed in detail on basis of community management mode and extending mode of carbon emis- sion in rural areas. In addition, some policies and suggestions were proposed to im- prove community management of carbon emission in rural areas, providing an ef- fective way for low-carbon economy in rural areas.

Collective Action as a New Approach to Rural Rejuvenation:Exploring Mobilization of Indigenous Community in Eastern Taiwan

The“Rural Rejuvenation Act”was legislated on 4th August,2010 by the government,which was designed to revitalize the overall development of rural areas in Taiwan.As rural decline fell into a vicious circle,problems such as rural migration,aging,lower education,lower average labor productivity,and overall low levels of public service,the government would like to actively solve the so-called“declining industry”.It is enacted to establish a rural rejuvenation fund and hope to take care of the farmers and fishermen in rural areas.The aim of this fund is to make the rural community filling with“vitality,health,and happiness”.To implement rural rejuvenation policy,besides top-down integrating strategies,the bottom-up promoting strategies are also considered as an important method.The Amis indigenous community in Eastern Taiwan was encouraged to apply Empowerment Program.According to the rejuvenation course rule,once organizations which make their farmers or residents finish four stages of course(including beginner’s course,advanced course,core course,and rejuvenation course)are qualified to propose a Rural Rejuvenation Plan.The indigenous community was very happy about the four-year project which was approved by the government.However,whether the mobilization of whole community to execute Rural Rejuvenation Plan and achieve their rejuvenated goal of community development is needed to be investigated deliberatively.We propose an analytical framework to understand the role of collective action based on the interaction of two dimensions:group characteristics of the indigenous community and external environment which is depended on external support by government and non-government organizations.The implementation of the project depends on financial and non-financial support,such as subsidy to verification fees of organic farming or training and empowering farmers with specific knowledge.This study finds that:(1)The community did retain Amis culture;the leaders have been directly involved in strengthening operational capacity;(2)Leaders’efforts of mobilizing the whole community to implement the project collectively resulted in rational ignorance of the villagers and even resource centralization;(3)The central and local government were lack of coordination;the inequality of resource allocation may hinder the indigenous community development.Our findings reveal that collective action is not a panacea to mobilize the villagers to attend community-oriented project.

Mass-transport Deposits of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Terrestrial Basin, Northeast China: Depositional Characteristics, Recognition Criteria and External Geometry

Extensive mass transport deposits（MTDs）, which form a significant component of the stratigraphic record in ancient and modern deep water systems, mostly distributed in the continental margin of ocean basins worldwide. To date, no large-scale MTDs have been found in Chinese terrestrial basins. Based on integrated analysis of the seismic, drilling, core and logging data, this article report MTDs have been found in Songliao terrestrial basin（SLTB）, Northeast China. During the depositional period of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation, slope break of lacustrine basins was an ideal discharge place for gravity depositions. Regional sedimentary study of MTDs reveals that Cretaceous-age MTDs in SLTB were deposited in slope-break environments by slide, slump and debris flow, and MTDs were mixed with little turbidite simultaneously. Besides the massive aspect, key features of MTDs are the common presence of deformational structures or softsedimentary deformation, floating shale clasts, boudins, microfaults, distortion beddings, rotated sand debris. Detailed mapping of two three-dimensional（3-D） seismic surveys acquired in Yingtai（YT） and Haituozi（HTZ） areas reveals that MTDs are characterized by chaotic, mounded, and transparent seismic reflection. Growth fault, slope gully and geomorphology of the slope break greatly influenced the sedimentary process and external geometry of MTDs, and as a consequence, MTDs in SLTB exhibit classic fan-like geometry and some special（non-fan-like） external geometry. Furthermore, fanlike MTDs can be divided into three subcategories, including isolated fan, mother-son fan and stacked fan. Non-fan-like MTDs can be divided into two subcategories, strip-like MTDs and faulted-pit MTDs. A new sedimentary model has been built for MTDs in SLTB. MTDs have become a new exploration and development target in the SLTB.

基于图像内凹度的矿井外因火灾识别及抗干扰方法

尽早发现矿井火灾并处置,可避免或减少人员伤亡和财产损失及次生事故的发生。井下没有日光、月光、星光及闪电等自然光源,影响矿井火灾图像识别的主要是矿井光源。圆形度能够排除圆形光源的干扰,但难以排除非圆形光源的干扰。矩形度能够排除矩形光源的干扰,但难以排除非矩形光源的干扰。在工程实际中,因摄像机的拍摄角度不同,矿井光源图像会出现变形,无法呈现理想的规则形状,使用圆形度和矩形度算法难以排除矿井光源的干扰。揭示了火焰图像轮廓外接图面积明显大于其图像实际面积,圆形灯、长方形灯和正方形灯等矿井实际光源图像轮廓外接图面积近似等于其光源图像实际面积等特点。提出基于图像内凹度的矿井火灾识别及抗干扰方法,计算目标图像面积与图像轮廓外接图面积的比值(即图像内凹度),根据火焰图像内凹度数值较小,而矿井光源图像内凹度数值较大,区分火焰与矿井光源。提出的内凹度方法不受摄像机距检测目标距离和图像大小、摄像机安装位置和摄像机拍摄检测目标的角度、矿井光源形状等影响,适应性强,识别准确率高。实验表明,内凹度识别方法计算得到的矿井干扰光源减去火焰图像平均差值最大,波动最小,区分度最好,受摄像机拍摄角度及距离影响最小,抗干扰能力最强,准确率为91.6%。矩形度识别方法计算得到的矿井干扰光源减去火焰图像平均差值较大,波动较小,区分度较好,受摄像机拍摄角度及距离影响较小,抗干扰能力一般,准确率为72.5%。圆形度识别方法计算得到的矿井干扰光源减去火焰图像平均差值最小,波动最大,区分度最差,受摄像机拍摄距离影响较小,受摄像机拍摄角度影响大,抗干扰能力最差,准确率为12.0%。因此,提出的内凹度识别方法,优于矩形度和圆形度,区分度最好,受摄像机拍摄角度及距离影响最小,抗干扰能力最强。

考虑制动意图识别的四驱电动汽车制动控制策略

为进一步提高制动能量回收率,考虑不同工况下驾驶员不同制动意图所需的制动效果,提出了一种四驱电动汽车制动控制策略。首先,针对常规制动工况,基于常规制动意图识别,从制动能量回收率、稳定性和安全性角度分别设计控制策略;其次,针对滑行工况下的不同滑行制动意图,判断电机制动力是否介入及何时介入,并根据驾驶员所需的滑行距离计算电机制动力的大小;然后,由台架试验获得前后电机外特性并建立前后电机最优利用效率模型;最后,利用Carsim和Simulink进行了联合仿真分析。仿真结果表明,在新欧洲驾驶循环(New European Driving Cycle,NEDC)工况下,与并联控制策略相比,能量回收率提升了13.64百分点;在滑行工况下可有效识别驾驶员需求滑行距离,提升了整车滑行经济性。

CFGT:一种基于词典的中文地址要素解析模型

地址要素解析作为地理编码过程中的关键环节,直接影响到地理编码的准确性。由于中文地址表达的多样性和复杂性,两段相似的地址文本在地理表示上却可能完全不同。传统的通过词典匹配进行地址要素解析的方法无法较好地应对歧义词,从而导致识别准确率欠佳。文中提出一种基于词典的中文地址要素解析模型(Collaborative Flat-Graph Transformer,CFGT),利用自匹配词、最近上下文等词汇信息增强地址文本字符序列表示,有效遏制了地址文本表达的歧义性。具体地,模型首先构建Flat-Lattice和Flat-Shift两种协作图,为地址字符捕获自匹配词和最近上下文词汇的知识,并设计融合层实现图之间的协作;其次,通过改进的相对位置编码,进一步强化词信息对地址文本字符序列的增强效果;最后,利用Transformer和条件随机场进行地址要素解析。在Weibo和Resume等多个公开数据集及Address私有数据集上开展的实验表明,CFGT模型的性能优于已有的中文地址要素解析模型和中文命名实体识别模型。

Analytic Methods for Quality Control of Scientific Publications Part VI: Presentation in Research Gate, Journal Indexing, and Recognition

In the world of science, recognition of scientific performance is strongly correlated with publication visibility and interest generated among other researchers, which is evident by downloads and citations. A published paper’s number of downloads and citations are the best indices of its importance and are useful measures of the researchers’ performance. However, the published paper should be valuated and indexed independently, and the prestige of the journal in which it is published should not influence the value of the paper itself. By participating in and presenting at congresses and international meetings, scientists strongly increase the visibility of their results and recognition of their research;this also promotes their publications. Status in Research Gate (RG), the so-called RG Score, the Percentile, and the h-index give researchers feedback about their performance, or their place and prestige within the scientific community. RG has become an excellent tool for disseminating scientific results and connecting researchers worldwide. RG also allows researchers to present achievements other than publications (e.g., membership in recognized associations such as the American Chemist Society, a biography in Marquis Who’s Who in the World, awards received, and/or ongoing projects). This paper discusses questions regarding how the RG Score, Percentile, and h-index are calculated, whether these methods are correct, and alternative criteria. RG also lists papers with falsified results and the journals that publish them. Thus, it may be appropriate to reduce the indices for such journals, authors, and the institutions with which these authors are affiliated.

配电线路外部隐患自动识别装置自动化控制系统

为了提升系统稳定性并降低故障率,基于多模块架构设计配电线路外部隐患自动识别装置自动化控制系统。该系统采用双目摄像头模块,集成三CMOS传感器与三模冗余容错控制,确保图像采集的可靠性与容错性。控制模块实施双控制器与双机热备技术,保障控制连续性。数据分析模块融合结构相似性指数(SSIM)图像评估与YOLOv3模型,高效识别隐患。实验结果表明,该系统在传感器与控制器故障情况下,展现出优异的稳定性、容错能力及隐患识别精度,有效提升了配电线路安全监测水平。

District Policy---Social Practice Through Internal and External Discourses： How the Implementation of a Single Regional Political Instrument Is Perceived, Understood and Communicated

This paper focuses on how the implementation of a single regional political instrument is perceived, understood and communicated. Designed as a regional political instrument, the Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications started a pilot project： ＂Driver education as a part of upper secondary school in district Norway＂. The focal point in this paper is to explore how the professional participants understand and interpret the project as a regional political instrument in order to maintain the local community, identity and local belonging. The theoretical approach is based on Giddens＇s actor/structure theory, while the analysis based on discourse analysis, in the analysis we separated the arguments used in the professional discourse. We detected different categories of argument in the discourses among the professionals. In addition to the professional discourse, we became aware of a personal discourse. In both discourses the political instrument was perceived to be important in order to maintain the local community, create equality and maintain local identity and a sense of belonging.

基于多重算法融合的矿用带式输送机皮带损伤检测系统研究

针对矿用带式输送机皮带常出现的边缘损伤、表面损伤以及内部钢丝绳损伤检测困难等问题,通过分析矿用带式输送机皮带损伤的形式和特点,融合多种智能识别算法,提出一种带式输送机皮带损伤检测系统,建立可逆变神经网络算法和KDFA-CenterNet皮带损伤检测算法,实现对皮带外层和内层损伤特征的高精度检测,完成硬件系统设计和软件控制系统设计。在山西某煤矿井下主运皮带Z1236进行现场安装和调试后,现场应用表明,皮带损伤在线监测系统可准确识别皮带内外常见损伤,识别准确度高达98.6%,可及时预警皮带的损伤,有效避免运输皮带停机事故的发生,取得了良好的应用效果。

Amygdala-Inspired Affective Computing: to Realize Personalized Intracranial Emotions with Accurately Observed External Emotions

Artificial intelligence technology has revolutionized every industry and trade in recent years. However, its own development is encountering bottlenecks that it is unable to implement empathy with human emotions. So affective computing is getting more attention from researchers. In this paper, we propose an amygdala-inspired affective computing framework to realize the recognition of all kinds of human personalized emotions. Similar to the amygdala, the instantaneous emergency emotion is first computed more quickly in a low-redundancy convolutional neural network compressed by pruning and weight sharing with hashing trick. Then, the real-time process emotion is identified more accurately by the memory level neural networks, which is good at handling time-related signals. Finally, the intracranial emotion is recognized in personalized hidden Markov models. We demonstrate on Facial Expression of Emotion Dataset and the recognition accuracy of external emotions(including the emergency emotion and the process emotion) reached 85.72%. And the experimental results proved that the personalized affective model can generate desired intracranial emotions as expected.

基于改进YOLOv5s的外脚手架隐患图像识别技术

为提高外脚手架安全管理的质量和效率,基于图像识别技术提出一种改进YOLOv5s的外脚手架隐患识别方法。首先,为解决背景信息过多造成的识别精度下降问题,在主干网络嵌入设计卷积注意模块(CBAM),获取隐患的各种细节特征;其次,改进原算法颈部特征融合模块为加权双向特征金字塔网络(BiFPN)结构,有效处理外脚手架隐患目标尺寸分布不均衡造成的多尺度特征不平衡问题;然后,使用边界框损失函数斯库拉交并比(SIoU)Loss替换原损失函数;最后,通过消融试验分析改进模块对模型性能的影响,并与其他算法进行对比分析,验证隐患识别效果。结果表明:改进后的网络实现均值平均精度(mAP@05:095)评分提升513%,召回率提升345%,对多尺度、多目标及复杂背景下的外脚手架隐患具有良好的识别效果。

基于双目立体视觉的冻干草莓外部品质等级检测方法研究

[目的]本文旨在建立基于双目立体视觉检测冻干草莓外部品质的方法,实现冻干草莓外部品质等级的无损识别。[方法]应用双目立体视觉技术及像素点匹配算法获取冻干草莓图像中各像素点的视差数据,建立其三维立体模型;以模型体积、图像颜色、形状和纹理品质指标作为特征参数,采用连续投影算法(SPA)筛选出最优特征参数,分别以未筛选的特征参数和筛选后的特征参数建立冻干草莓外部品质等级识别模型,比较各模型的判别分级效果;最后选取最优的识别模型开发冻干草莓外部品质分级软件并进行验证。[结果]使用未经筛选的特征参数对冻干草莓进行品质等级判别时,支持向量机(SVM)模型预测集分级总体准确率为91.7%,偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)预测集分级总体准确率为86.7%。使用SPA算法筛选后的特征参数(体积和红色分量均值)所建立的SVM模型和PLS-DA模型分级总体准确率分别为95.0%和81.7%。采用经SPA算法筛选后特征参数构建的SVM模型开发了冻干草莓外部品质识别软件,软件总体准确率可达到90.8%。[结论]基于SPA筛选的特征参数构建的SVM分级预测模型具有较好的判别效果,其建模集和预测集的准确率分别可达97.8%和95.0%。以该模型为基础开发的软件能够实现冻干草莓外部品质的检测。

基于影像识别和AutoBank的某大坝稳定性分析

某水库坝后汇总渗漏量达16.7 L/s,出渗点为坝脚排水体和低涵,但坝内防渗体为弱—微透水性且胶结密实,而影像识别结果揭露低涵管身外坝体已形成贯穿性渗漏通道。对此,选取坝体中心线及涵管位置断面,基于坝体岩土物理参数和坝后渗漏量等实测资料,利用AutoBank建模对大坝稳定性进行计算并修正参数,同时模拟加固后大坝稳定性。结果表明,低涵管内水均来自管壁外水内渗,且渗漏点普遍集中在桩号K0+058~0+131.5,以淋雨状或射流状为主,其他段为点滴状渗水或无渗水,涵管外2.9 m内坝体已形成贯穿性渗漏通道,为排水体及涵管渗漏的主因;大坝中心断面在176.50 m水位、正常蓄水位、校核洪水位工况下均处于渗透、抗滑稳定状态;大坝涵管位置断面在各工况下均发生渗透破坏,计算总渗漏量与现场实测值较相符;除水位骤降工况下上游坝坡抗滑失稳外,其余工况坝坡均稳定;加固后大坝各工况下均处于渗透、抗滑稳定状态。

融合内外依赖的人体骨架动作识别模型

基于动态骨架图的人体动作识别是计算机视觉领域中的一个研究热点。传统识别方法大多是建立在人体骨架的局部自然物理连接上(内在依赖)。然而,许多隐含的非局部的关节连接有时对于人体动作识别是不可忽略的,如手脚的互动等。引入外在依赖概念来表示这种隐式的非物理连接,并通过内、外依赖机制来处理骨架图,完成内、外依赖的空间图卷积融合。通过设计合适的时间卷积模块,进一步构建融合内外依赖的的时空图卷积网络(IEDSTGCN)。实验表明,IED-STGCN在Kinetics数据集上的识别精度比现有的时空图卷积网络(ST-GCN)提升了2.5个百分点,在X-Sub和X-View两个数据集上的识别精度分别比现有的ST-GCN模型提升了3.4和3.8个百分点。该研究的主要技术有时间卷积(TC)、内在依赖图卷积(IGC)以及外在依赖图卷积(EGC)等,通过消融实验说明了这些技术的有效性。

Knowledge-enriched joint-learning model for implicit emotion cause extraction

Emotion cause extraction(ECE)task that aims at extracting potential trigger events of certain emotions has attracted extensive attention recently.However,current work neglects the implicit emotion expressed without any explicit emotional keywords,which appears more frequently in application scenarios.The lack of explicit emotion information makes it extremely hard to extract emotion causes only with the local context.Moreover,an entire event is usually across multiple clauses,while existing work merely extracts cause events at clause level and cannot effectively capture complete cause event information.To address these issues,the events are first redefined at the tuple level and a span-based tuple-level algorithm is proposed to extract events from different clauses.Based on it,a corpus for implicit emotion cause extraction that tries to extract causes of implicit emotions is constructed.The authors propose a knowledge-enriched jointlearning model of implicit emotion recognition and implicit emotion cause extraction tasks(KJ-IECE),which leverages commonsense knowledge from ConceptNet and NRC_VAD to better capture connections between emotion and corresponding cause events.Experiments on both implicit and explicit emotion cause extraction datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

基于相邻帧差法的输电线路异物目标检测研究

针对输电线路异物目标检测时存在因目标区域阈值设定不准确导致准确率低的问题,提出一种基于相邻帧差法的输电线路异物目标检测方法。首先,针对输电线路异物提取问题进行分析。然后,以相邻帧差法为基础,采用仿射聚类算法进行优化聚类,从而实现实际目标像素的精确提取。最后,利用试验证明所提方法的先进性。试验结果表明,所提检测方法可使像素提取的准确率提升30%左右、异物识别的准确率提升23.48%。所提检测方法将相邻帧差法与仿射聚类法相结合,对输电线路电线周围异物目标特征提取过程进行创新,完成了异物目标的识别及检测。该研究提升了输电线路在线监测的有效性,为后续输电线路异物检测、异物预警提供了参考。

接触扩散视角下的城市文化危机研究--以郑州市德化街“老蔡记”为例

有学者认为,人们难以感受到郑州市厚重的历史气息与博大的中原文化,郑州市面临着文化危机。本研究意在从接触扩散的视角探究城市文化危机的内因。通过空间句法、核密度分析法、人群热力分析和人物访谈等,对郑州市德化街“老蔡记”蒸饺店2000年和2021年两个时间点上所处区域的外部空间与自身经营能力进行对比分析。发现其在2021年所处区域的外部空间质量和经营能力较2000年低。研究认为二者的降低导致人们对该文化资源的接触情况变差和认同度降低,进而阻碍了接触扩散,影响了其文化的传播,并在一定程度上反映出郑州城市特色文化传播的问题,对郑州城市文化危机的滋生具有一定的影响。