Maximum Momentum,Minimal Length and Quantum Gravity Effects of Compact Star Cores

Based on the generalized uncertainty principle with maximum momentum arid minimal length, we discuss the equation of state of ideal ultra-relativistic Fermi gases at zero temperature. Maximum momentum avoids the problem that the Fermi degenerate pressure blows up since the increase of the Fermi energy is not limited. Applying this equation of state to the Tolman-Oppenheimer Volkoff （TOV） equation, the quantum gravitational effects on the cores of compact stars are discussed. In the center of compact stars, we obtain the singularity-free solution of the metric component, gtt ～-（1 ＋ 0.2185×r^2）. By numerically solving the TOV equation, we find that quantum gravity plays an important role in the region r～10^4α0（△x）min. Current observed masses of neutron stars indicate that the dimensionless parameter α0 cannot exceed 10^19.

Soil-water characteristic surface model of soil-rock mixture

The relationship between the water content or saturation of unsaturated soils and its matrix suction is commonly described by the soilwater characteristic curve(SWCC).Currently,study on the SWCC model is focused on fine-grained soils like clay and silty soils,but the SWCC model for grinding soil-rock mixture(SRM)is less studied.Considering that the SRM is in a certain compaction state in the actual project,this study established a surface model with three variables of coupling compaction degree-substrate suction-moisture content based on the Cavalcante-Zornberg soil-water characteristic curve model.Then,the influence of each fitting parameter on the curve was analyzed.For the common SRM,the soil-water characteristic test was conducted.Moreover,the experimental measurements exhibit remarkable consistency with the mode surface.The analysis shows that the surface model intuitively describes the soil-water characteristics of grinding SRM,which can provide the SWCC of soils with bimodal pore characteristics under specific compaction degrees.Furthermore,it can reflect the influence of compaction degrees on the SWCC of rock-soil mass and has a certain prediction effect.The SWCC of SRM with various soil-rock ratios have a double-step shape.With the increase in compaction degree,the curves as a whole tend toward decreasing mass moisture content.The curve changes are mainly concentrated in the large pore section.

Ion compaction effect in hollow FePt nanochains with ultrathin shell under low energy ion irradiation

The morphology manipulation of nanomaterials by ion irradiation builds a way to precisely control physicochemical properties.Under the continuous irradiation of low energy Ga+,Ne+,and He+ions,an ion compaction effect has been found in hollow FePt nanochains with ultrathin shell that the volumes of the nanochains are gradually compacted by ions.The deep learning algorithm has been successfully applied to automatically and precisely measure average sizes of spheres in hollow FePt nanochains.The compaction under ion irradiation is very fast in the very early period and then proceeds to a slow region.The compaction rates in both regions are linearly fitted and all the values are in the order of 10^(–17) to 10^(–14) cm^(2)/ion.Ion species and ion current have effect on the compaction rate.For example,the compaction rate of Ga+ions is larger than those of Ne+and He+ions under an identical current,while irradiation with larger current can compact nanochains faster.The ion compaction effect originates from the local shear deformation caused by the interaction between incident ions and the electrons of Fe and Pt atoms in the ultrathin shell.With continuous irradiation,the crystalline clusters of FePt nanchains firstly grow larger and then become amorphous.The ion compaction effect can be applied to tune the size and crystal structure of hollow structures with a precise rate by choosing appropriate ion species and current.