Novel PAPR Reduction Scheme Based on Continuous Nonlinear Piecewise Companding Transform for OFDM Systems

In this paper,a novel efficient continuous piecewise nonlinear companding scheme is proposed for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR)of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)systems.In the proposed companding transform,signal samples with large amplitudes is clipped for peak power reduction,and the signal samples with medium amplitudes is nonlinear transformed with power compensation.While the signal samples with small amplitudes remain unchanged.The whole companding function is continuous and smooth in the range of positive numbers,which is beneficial for guaranteeing the bit error rate(BER)and power spectral density(PSD)performance.This scheme can achieve a significant reduction in PAPR.And at the same time,it cause little increment in BER and PSD performance.Simulation results indicate the superiority of the proposed scheme over existing companding schemes.

Nonlinear Auto-Companding Method for Behavioral Modeling of Switched-Current Circuits

A wavelet collocation method with nonlinear auto companding is proposed for behavioral modeling of switched current circuits.The companding function is automatically constructed according to the initial error distribution obtained through approximating the input output function of the SI circuit by conventional wavelet collocation method.In practical applications,the proposed method is a general purpose approach,by which both the small signal effect and the large signal effect are modeled in a unified formulation to ease the process of modeling and simulation.Compared with the published modeling approaches,the proposed nonlinear auto companding method works more efficiently not only in controlling the error distribution but also in reducing the modeling errors.To demonstrate the promising features of the proposed method,several SI circuits are employed as examples to be modeled and simulated.

Companding语音数据压缩算法分析及改进

本文介绍了用于声音文件压缩 /解压缩的 Companding算法及改进。对该算法的思路 ,算法的具体实现过程 ,算法中的几个重要模块的功能及具体流程均作了详细说明 ,并总结了算法的特点。

A New Nonlinear Companding Algorithm Based on Tangent Linearization Processing for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems

In this paper, a novel nonlinear companding transform(NCT) is proposed to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio(PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) signals. The companding function is designed based on continuously differentiable reshaping of the probability density function(PDF) of signal amplitudes. The original PDF is cut off for PAPR reduction, and lower and medium segments of original PDF are scaled and linearized respectively, for maintaining power and cumulative distribution constraints. The linearized segment is set to be the tangent of the scaled version at the inflexion point, so as to reduce the out-ofband(OOB) radiation as much as possible. Parameters of the proposed scheme are solved under joint constraints of constant power and unity cumulative distribution. A new receiving method is also proposed to improve the bit error rate(BER) performance of OFDM systems. Simulation results indicate the proposed scheme can achieve better OOB radiation and BER performance at same PAPR levels, compared with existing similar companding algorithms.

Closed-Form and Analytical BER Expression for OFDM System with μ-Law Companding Operation

The μ-law companding function has been applied widely in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). However, nonlinear distortion caused by the μ-law companding function is considered a key impairment in OFDM communication systems. Few studies have addressed theoretical nonlinear distortion caused by μ-law companding function for OFDM systems. In this paper, we derive a closed-form expression of signal distortion as well as the closed-form bit error rate (BER) of OFDM system caused by the μ-law companding function. Based on the theoretical signal distortion and BER expression, the theoretical BER value and signal distortion value can also be calculated, which can guide us to choose appropriate μ value for different BER condition and bit-to-noise (Eb/N0) condition efficiently. Then the PAPR performance can also be predicted. The results show good agreement on the Monte-Carlo simulation results and the obtained theoretical BER results. Furthermore, based on theoretical signal distortion and theoretical BER expression, the figure of the relationship among BER value, Eb/N0 and μ is also given. Based on this figure, we can find the appropriate μ law for different BER and Eb/N0 condition. And then the PAPR performance can also be predicted.

Combined DCT and Companding for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Signals

The high peak-to-average (PAPR) is one of the serious problems in the application of OFDM technology. The com-panding transform approach is a very attractive technique to reduce PAPR, but large PAPR reduction leads to a high bit error rate (BER) by the available companding transform techniques. In this paper, a joint reduction in PAPR of the OFDM signals based on combining the discrete cosine transform (DCT) with companding is proposed. In the first step of the proposed scheme, the data are transformed by a DCT into new modified data. In the second step, the proposed scheme utilizes the companding technique to further reduce the PAPR of the OFDM signal. The performance of the PAPR is evaluated using a computer simulation. The simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme may obtain about 1 dB PAPR reduction compared with the conventional companding algorithm.

Threshold-based piecewise companding transform for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems

Piecewise companding transform is a flexible and efficient way to solve the high peak-to-average power ratio （PAPR） problem for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems. A novel threshold-based piecewise companding transform is proposed in this paper. Based on the statistical characteristics of amplitudes, OFDM signals are classified into three groups （i.e., small, average and large signals）. Different from conventional approaches, two dedicated designed thresholds are set to amplify the small signals and compress the large signals, respectively. Simulation results verify the improvement in PAPR reduction of the proposed scheme. Moreover, a lower bit error rate （BER） performance loss can be obtained by introducing the iterative detection with a moderate increase in complexity.

Efficient nonlinear companding scheme for substantial reduction in peak-to-average power ratio of OFDM

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)produces a high peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) that adversely affects high-speed OFDM data transmission. In order to reduce the high PAPR, an efficient nonlinear companding transform(NCT) function is proposed. With the proposed NCT function,the compression and expansion weights can be applied independently with suitably chosen function parameter values. As a result, the proposed function can easily maintain the average signal power approximately unchanged during the companding process.In this regard, the proposed function is superior to previously proposed schemes. Also, the simulations show the outstanding PAPR reduction performance of the proposed function. It is demonstrated that the proposed scheme performs well with nonlinear transmitter amplifiers and delivers superior error performance, compared with error function and exponential function based schemes.

基于预编码与压扩技术VLC系统研究

针对非对称削波光正交频分复用系统应用在可见光通信中峰值平均功率比过高的问题,在研究编码技术和失真技术的基础上,提出了一种Hadamard编码与归一化μ律压扩联合方案来降低峰值平均功率比。联合方案仿真结果表明,与Hadamard编码技术相比,在峰值平均功率比抑制性能方面提升了5.8 dB;另一方面,与归一化μ律压扩技术相比,在误码率上仍然取得了更好的性能,优化了2 dB。

南极土壤芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其防治玉米细菌性褐腐病的研究

[目的]本研究旨在从南极土壤中筛选防治玉米细菌性褐腐病的芽孢杆菌菌株,为该病害的防治提供菌株资源。[方法]从南极长城站地震台附近的企鹅聚居地土壤中分离芽孢杆菌。结合16S rDNA及gyr B基因序列对分离到的芽孢杆菌进行鉴定。借助平板抑菌试验筛选对玉米细菌性褐腐病病原菌具有拮抗效果的生防芽孢杆菌。通过田间防治试验,筛选具有较好生防效果的芽孢杆菌。利用MALDI-TOF-MS对芽孢杆菌产生的抗菌物质脂肽化合物进行鉴定。[结果]通过16S rDNA及gyr B基因序列对分离自南极的23株芽孢杆菌进行鉴定,其中解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)9株,地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)14株。借助平板抑菌试验,筛选获得抑菌效果明显的2株B.amyloliquefaciens菌株EZ15-07、EZ15-09和2株B.licheniformis菌株EZ01-05、EZ15-08。田间试验结果表明,菌株EZ15-07和EZ01-05对玉米细菌性褐腐病的防治效果分别为59.3%和55.3%。对这2个菌株发酵液的MALDI-TOF-MS检测表明,菌株EZ15-07能产生Surfactin和Bacillomycin D 2种脂肽化合物,菌株EZ01-05能产生Bacillomycin D和Fengycin 2种脂肽化合物。[结论]由南极土壤分离获得的菌株EZ15-07和EZ01-05对玉米细菌性褐腐病防治效果显著,2个菌株均具有较好的田间应用潜力。

基于多分辨率分析的小波系数压扩去噪算法

研究利用小波分析技术抑制突发性噪声的算法,以改善多载波调制的电力线通信系统中的同步性能。首先,对小波强制去噪算法及其局限性进行分析,提出了基于多分辨率分析的小波系数压扩去噪新算法。新算法在时域上对含噪信号进行分解,在频域上对各层的小波分解系数的畸变量进行抑制。然后,用低压电力线上的实测噪声对新算法进行了仿真验证。结果表明,新算法的去噪效果大大优于现有算法,尤其适用于平稳信号中突发性噪声的抑制。最后,将算法应用于作者开发的基于相对值判决的多载波调制系统中,试验结果证明,新算法可有效提高多载波调制系统的同步性能。

芽胞杆菌产生的脂肽类化合物在防治油菜菌核病中的作用

从解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)B3菌株和枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)G4菌株中分别提取脂肽类化合物,配制成脂肽类生物农药乳油。平板拮抗活性检测试验表明,脂肽类生物农药乳油B3和G4能显著抑制油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)生长。油菜离体叶片接种试验中,脂肽类生物农药乳油B3和G4能显著抑制核盘菌在油菜叶片上的侵染和扩展。田间试验表明,脂肽类生物农药乳油B3和G4对油菜菌核病具有很好的防治效果,最高防效分别达55.8%和46.3%,并能够促进油菜生长。

12位图像数据的压扩变换显示

利用数字通信的压扩变换原理,提出了12位图像数据到8位数据的16折线等比分区映射方法,来实现在8位显示器上显示12位图像数据的信息。推导出图像信号的线性量化和非线性量化信噪比公式,对3种不同量化方法的信噪比进行了比较。结果显示,在小于35dB处,8位非线性量化信噪比和12位线性量化信噪比一致;而大于35dB时,量化信噪比平缓稳定上升。实验表明该方法能有效改善图像的弱信号,在8位显示器上清晰地观察到低亮度图像细节。虽然对图像的高亮度部分进行了压缩,但对图像细节和信噪比影响不大。该方法不仅适用于灰度图像,而且适用于彩色图像,实验效果与理论预期完全一致。

联合迭代滤波与压扩参数优化的OFDM信号峰平比抑制

针对现有基于压扩变换处理的信号峰平比抑制方法性能单一且参数固定等缺陷,提出一种联合迭代滤波与自适应压扩参数优化的OFDM信号峰平比抑制方案。该方案能够同时对信号的峰平比PAPR和接收端误码率BER性能进行联合优化,并在迭代过程中有效消除因信号幅度畸变所引起的带外频谱再生;所提信号压扩及解压扩函数形式简单,计算复杂度较小;推导并给出了该方案可获得的PAPR抑制增益和BER理论性能界。仿真结果表明,该方案可同时获得较好的信号PAPR抑制、误码率以及带外功率谱性能,并在迭代过程中对压扩参数进行自适应调整,能够有效提高算法的适用灵活性。

降低OFDM信号峰均功率比的压缩扩张技术

对降低OFDM信号峰均功率比的压缩扩张技术进行了研究,提出了一种新的收敛型压扩函数.该函数在不改变原始OFDM信号平均功率的前提下,使信号的瞬时功率形成均匀分布,实现了小信号扩张,大信号压缩.通过定量调整压扩函数中的参数,可获得低于3dB的峰均功率比.计算机仿真表明:与已有的压缩扩张技术相比,在相同的系统条件下,新的压缩扩张技术不仅具有较低的复杂度,而且具有更小频谱失真和更低的系统误比特率.

基于小波压缩扩展技术的无损图象数据隐藏

文章提出了一种基于小波域压缩扩展技术的无损图象数据隐藏方法。该方法先对图象作整数小波变换;随后使用压缩扩展技术在小波高频子带系数上嵌入数据。小波高频系数的拉普拉斯分布特性不但便利了压缩扩展函数的选择,而且使嵌入较大容量数据后的水印图象仍保持良好的视觉效果。实验结果表明,该方法无论在嵌入容量上还是嵌入数据后的图象视觉效果上,均达到当前世界上最好水平。

降低OFDM信号峰均功率比的压扩方法研究

本文通过理论推导和分析,确定了基于误差函数降低正交频分复用(OFDM)系统峰均功率比的非线性压扩方法中两个关键参数的取值,修正了以前的结果,并在此基础上提出了一种新的压扩函数来降低OFDM系统的峰均功率比.理论分析和仿真结果表明,新的压扩方法能够在保持原信号平均功率不变的情况下使峰均功率比降低到7.8dB以下,并且系统具有较好的误比特率性能.

连续小波变换VLSI实现综述

小波变换是信号处理、图像压缩和模式识别等诸多领域中一个非常有效的数学分析工具。然而,实时小波变换计算量大,需要专用硬件来实现。连续小波变换的VLSI实现在处理速度、功耗及适用频率范围方面都具有较明显的优势,且实现方法灵活。本文对近年来有关该领域的研究情况作了综合评述,讨论了其中存在的问题,并指出了今后的若干发展方向,特别是瞬时缩展电路技术是实现低电压低功耗小波变换芯片的重要途经之一。

降低WOFDM系统PAPR的改进PTS-μ律算法

基于小波变换的正交频分复用(WOFDM)系统存在较高的峰值平均功率比(PAPR),针对传统降低PAPR方法的高计算复杂度和低误码性能的问题,提出一种改进的部分传输序列(PTS)技术,并将其与μ律压扩进行联合处理。仿真结果表明,改进的PTS技术与传统方法相比,以牺牲少量的PAPR性能大大降低了系统的计算复杂度。经改进的PTS技术和μ律压扩联合处理,在计算复杂度不高的前提下,将WOFDM系统的PAPR值降低了4.7 dB,而误码性能仅损失1.4 dB。

降低OFDM信号峰均功率比的分段线性压扩变换

为了降低OFDM信号的峰均功率比(PAPR),设计了一种分段线性压扩变换。对小幅度通过数乘变换进行线性放大,而对大幅度先利用数乘变换进行线性缩小,再对缩小后的幅度进行等量放大。得到的压扩变换是分段线性且连续的,用低复杂度的线性运算抑制峰均比,同时用分段的方法减小压扩对系统性能的影响。理论分析和仿真表明,通过数乘因子和增量数值的选取,可以在PAPR抑制和系统误码率性能上取得折中。相比于已有的线性和非线性压扩变换,改善了发送信号的功率谱密度特性。