Static and Dynamic Indicators in the Analysis of Internal Sources of Companies＇ Investments Financing

The Republic of Serbia is characterized by an unsatisfactory macroeconomic environment. Under the conditions of an evident shortage of liquid assets, the financial capital has moved from real to the financial sector, which led companies to over-indebtedness and shutdown of their own capacities. Therefore, capital investments largely depend on internal financing sources and the ability of companies to internally generate funds for investments. In this regard, an emphasis is placed on the difference in the assessment of the company＇s investment capacity based on internal financing sources, which are measured using static and dynamic indicators in order to prove the necessity of applying dynamic coefficients, which are unfortunately not present in our domestic practice. The paper examines and proves the advantages of the use of the dynamic approach for such analyses using the example of energy sector, which is one of the most important branches in Serbian economy.

Risk assessment of oil and gas investment environment in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative

With the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, China is deepening its cooperation in oil and gas resources with countries along the Initiative. In order to better mitigate risks and enhance the safety of investments, it is of significant importance to research the oil and gas investment environment in these countries for China's overseas investment macro-layout. This paper proposes an indicator system including 27 indicators from 6 dimensions. On this basis, game theory models combined with global entropy method and analytic hierarchy process are applied to determine the combined weights, and the TOPSIS-GRA model is utilized to assess the risks of oil and gas investment in 76 countries along the Initiative from 2014 to 2021. Finally, the GM(1,1) model is employed to predict risk values for 2022-2025. In conclusion, oil and gas resources and political factors have the greatest impact on investment environment risk, and 12 countries with greater investment potential are selected through cluster analysis in conjunction with the predicted results. The research findings may provide scientific decisionmaking recommendations for the Chinese government and oil enterprises to strengthen oil and gas investment cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road Initiative.

Assessment Report on Business Environment for Foreign-funded Companies(Zhejiang)

In spite of the slowdown in world economic growth and the escalation of geopolitical tensions,the numerous multinational companies still cast votes of confidence in the Chinese market with their practical actions.In particular,Zhejiang Province displayed its magnetic attraction for high-quality foreign investment.Data shows that in 2023,the province’s actual use of FDI(foreign direct investment)came at USD 20.2 billion(exceeding USD 20.0 billion for the first time ever),ranked the 4th nationwide.The total FDI saw an increase of 4.8%year on year,and FDI used in the manufacturing sector rose by 85.8%,whose percentage in the total reached a record high.

Renewing Chinese Investment in Indonesia’s Energy Sector

On April 1,the China RE Invest Indonesia 2024,a symposium cohosted by the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in China,the Southeast Strategics(a business and investment research and advisory institute),and the Center for Strategic and International Studies(CSIS)Indonesia,took place in Beijing.Representatives from renewable energy investment companies,equipment manufacturers,financial institutions,government departments,renewable energy-related enterprises.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.22C investment castings by current solution treatment

This study examined the impact of current solution treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.22C alloy investment castings.The findings reveal that the current solution treatment significantly promotes the dissolution of carbides at a lower temperature.The optimal conditions for solution treatment are determined as a solution temperature of 1,125°C and a holding time of 5.0 min.Under these parameters,the size and volume fraction of precipitated phases in the investment castings are measured as6.2μm and 1.1vol.%.The yield strength,ultimate tensile strength,and total elongation of the Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.22C investment castings are 535 MPa,760 MPa,and 12.6%,respectively.These values exceed those obtained with the conventional solution treatment at 1,200°C for 4.0 h.The findings suggest a phase transformation of M_(23)C_(6)→σ+C following the current solution treatment at 1,125°C for 5.0 min.In comparison,the traditional solution treatment at 1,200°C for 4.0 h leads to the formation of M_(23)C_(6)and M_(6)C carbides.It is noteworthy that the non-thermal effect of the current during the solution treatment modifies the free energy of both the matrix and precipitation phase.This modification lowers the phase transition temperature of the M_(23)C_(6)→σ+C reaction,thereby facilitating the dissolution of carbides.As a result,the current solution treatment approach achieves carbide dissolution at a lower temperature and within a significantly shorter time when compared to the traditional solution treatment methods.

Impact of the carbon market on investment benefits of power-grid enterprises in China: a system dynamics analysis

The power grid,as the hub connecting the power supply and consumption sides,plays an important role in achieving carbon neutrality in China.In emerging carbon markets,assessing the investment benefits of power-grid enterprises is essential.Thus,studying the impact of the carbon market on the investment and operation of powergrid enterprises is key to ensuring their efficient operation.Notably,few studies have examined the interaction between the carbon and electricity markets using system dynamics models,highlighting a research gap in this area.This study investigates the impact of the carbon market on the investment of power-grid enterprises using a novel evaluation system based on a system dynamics model that considers carbon-emissions from an established carbon-emission accounting model.First,an index system for benefit evaluation was constructed from six aspects:financing ability,economic benefit,reliability,social responsibility,user satisfaction,and carbon-emissions.A system dynamics model was then developed to reflect the causal feedback relationship between the impact of the carbon market on the investment and operation of power-grid enterprises.The simulation results of a provincial power-grid enterprise analyze comprehensive investment evaluation benefits over a 10-year period and the impact of carbon emissions on the investment and operation of power-grid enterprises.This study provides guidelines for the benign development of power-grid enterprises within the context of the carbon market.

By Deepening Regional Cooperation,the CCPIT Serve as a Bridge for Foreign Investment

On June 28,t he China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT)held its regular monthly press conference in Beijing.Spokesperson Zhao Ping introduced China’s latest progress and policy trends in terms of attracting foreign investment,regional cooperation and supporting Chinese brands at the meeting.

China’s Unprecedented Focus on Foreign Investment

The Communique of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC),which has just been concluded,mentions that it is necessary to steadily expand institutional opening-up,deepen foreign trade structural reform,further reform the management systems for inward and outward investment,improve planning for regional opening up,and refine the mechanisms for high-quality cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative.

Agricultural Investment Project Decisions Based on an Interactive Preference Disaggregation Model Considering Inconsistency

Agricultural investment project selection is a complex multi-criteria decision-making problem,as agricultural projects are easily influenced by various risk factors,and the evaluation information provided by decisionmakers usually involves uncertainty and inconsistency.Existing literature primarily employed direct preference elicitation methods to address such issues,necessitating a great cognitive effort on the part of decision-makers during evaluation,specifically,determining the weights of criteria.In this study,we propose an indirect preference elicitation method,known as a preference disaggregation method,to learn decision-maker preference models fromdecision examples.To enhance evaluation ease,decision-makers merely need to compare pairs of alternatives with which they are familiar,also known as reference alternatives.Probabilistic linguistic preference relations are employed to account for the presence of incomplete and uncertain information in such pairwise comparisons.To address the inconsistency among a group of decision-makers,we develop a pair of 0-1mixed integer programming models that consider both the semantics of linguistic terms and the belief degrees of decision-makers.Finally,we conduct a case study and comparative analysis.Results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed model in solving agricultural investment project selection problems with uncertain and inconsistent decision information.

Characteristics and Insights of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Investment

The oceans'vast expanse has given rise to copious oil and gas resources,with recent years witnessing a steady unlocking of offshore oil and gas potential,positioning them as a key successor in global energy reserves.Currently,offshore oil and gas extraction constitutes nearly a third of the world's oil and gas output.This segment has evolved into a mutually beneficial ecosystem where operators and service providers collaborate closely around exploration and development activities.Investment in offshore oil and gas typically follows a dual "one-third’"pattern,reflecting high upfront costs but promising returns.It also underscores the stark variations in project viability and regional economic efficiency,with monopolistic traits seen at both national and corporate levels.Collaboration has emerged as a key tactic for resource-rich countries and oil companies to advance their offshore ventures.Given the distinct nature of offshore oil and gas development,Chinese oil companies are advised to seize opportunities in marine exploration,emphasize the coordination and planning abilities of the global supply chain,focus on the reserves of offshore oil and gas development technologies,as well as the capabilities of commercial talents and other forms of support,courageously pursue significant offshore assets,and effectively utilize global technology,equipment,and expertise,and rapidly build a competitive edge in offshore oil and gas projects.

Research on the path of effective management of participation in joint-venture railway companies by China railway group

Purpose-Following the regional restructuring,the number of joint-venture railway companies in which the Group participates has significantly increased.This paper aims to explore the challenges faced by China Railway Group in managing participation in joint-venture railway companies.The study seeks to propose specific approaches to ensure the effective management of these companies,thereby maximizing the benefits of the regional restructuring and supporting the development of a strong transportation country and a modern infrastructure system.Design/methodology/approach-Based on the change in the shareholding relationship between China Railway Group and the joint-venture railway companies,and considering the current situation of the regional restructuring of these companies,as well as the insights from existing literature and typical case studies,this paper proposes some specific paths for effective management of joint-stock railway companies which China Railway Group participated in.Findings-The problems in participation management are the unclear dual leadership role of the party committee,the lack of discourse power,the lack of synergy between shareholders,the increasing risk of sustainable operation of the loss-making companies and the role of dispatched personnel is not fully played.Based on the theories,combined with the existing research and practical cases,the paper proposed specific approaches,such as perfecting top-level system design,maintaining the discourse power,carrying out differentiated management,arranging personnel rationally,arranging shareholders synergy,and innovating methods to provide references for China Railway Group’s subsequent management of joint venture railway companies.Originality/value-This paper contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the challenges faced by China Railway Group in managing participation in joint-venture railway companies following the regional restructuring.The study offers novel insights and practical recommendations for addressing these challenges.The findings can serve as valuable references for China Railway Group’s subsequent management of joint-venture railway companies which participated in,as well as for other stateowned enterprises facing similar challenges in managing their joint ventures.

Leading Chinese Companies to Seek Opportunities in Overseas Markets

On April 14,a flight from China landed at ingsford Smith Airport in Sydney,marking the beginning of the journey for Chinese companies entering the Australian and New Zealand markets.The"Thousands of Entrepreneur Delegations Going Overseas"activity is an important measure taken by China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT) to help companies develop in foreign markets and promote practical cooperation between Chinese and foreign businesses.Since the beginning of the year.

Influence of Energy Policies on Development Path of US Oil Companies

Focused on“energy security”,US energy policies have undergone a multi-stage evolution.The main line has shifted from ensuring the oil and gas supply to achieving energy independence,and then to diversified development under a broader concept of energy security.The development path of US oil and gas companies is guided and influenced by series of policies.Represented by ExxonMobil and Chevron,US oil companies are maintaining a long commitment to the oil and gas business,especially unconventional resources such as shale gas and shale oil.Different from their European counterparts,US oil companies have chosen CCS/CCUS as their primary method for achieving carbon neutrality.As for the new energy business,the US oil giants are showing more interest in raw materials such as lithium resources rather than the power generation business.

Construction of Value-Creation Oriented Carbon Assets Management System of Oil Companies

As climate change draws more attention globally,the development of low-carbon economy has become an inevitable choice for mankind to achieve sustainable development.The increasingly strict control of carbon emission is making carbon emission rights a scarce resource and endowing the rights with the attributes of assets and commodities.China has announced the goal of“carbon emission peaking before 2030 and carbon neutralization before 2060”.Responding to this goal,as major carbon emitters,oil companies play the role of a driving force for green and low-carbon development.Carbon assets management is a key path for oil companies to achieve emission reduction goals and low-carbon transformation.However,the carbon assets management of China’s oil companies is still in the initial stage,with the system and regulations not yet sound,and the management process not yet closed loop.First the modes and experiences of carbon assets management in major international oil companies is introduced.Then the objective logical relationship and linkage laws between carbon assets management and enterprise value creation are comprehensively analyzed by integrating the basic theories of economics and management.On this basis,a value-creation oriented carbon assets management system for oil companies is constructed,mainly covering aspects such as enterprise strategy,control mechanisms,carbon inventory,and management modes.

Which Cities are More Attractive for Business Investment?

A good business environment is the soft power and core competitiveness for urban economic development,and is a key element to attract business investment.Recently,the“Top 50 Cities with Business Investment Attraction”(hereinafter referred to as the Survey)released by the Big Data Research Institute of Qi Chacha shows that the siphonic effect of the first-tier cities is significant,and in the past five years,enterprises in Shanghai,Beijing and Shenzhen have been invested in the most frequently.

Chinese Enterprises’ Investment in Southeast Asia Continues Unabated

As we all know,Southeast Asia has become a hot destination for Chinese enterprises to invest in.The latest report shows that Southeast Asia continues to attract China’s capital,within which the medical industry has become an important area for Chinese enterprises to invest in,and the investment activity has gradually warmed up despite fluctuations.

How to Further Attract and Stabilize Foreign Investment

During the Two Sessions,how to attract foreign investment to China and how to further optimize the business environment for foreign investment have become hot topics in the economic field.The 2024 government work report proposes increased efforts to attract foreign investment.It will continue to reduce the negative list of foreign investment access,completely lift restrictions on foreign investment accessto the manufacturing industry.

How R&D investment promotes green technology innovation in the context of digitalization?-An empirical analysis based on provincial panel data

Green technology innovation is an important driving force and source to promote my country’s high-quality development,and it is the core path to achieve sustainable development.This paper uses my country’s provincial panel data from 2016 to 2019 to study the impact mechanism of R&D investment on green technology innovation,and introduces the level of digitization,using the panel threshold model to discuss its role in the impact mechanism of R&D investment on green technology innovation.The study found that when the level of digitalization in a region is low,increasing R&D investment does not necessarily improve the ability of green technology innovation;when the level of digitalization is relatively high,R&D investment has a positive role in promoting green technology innovation.Therefore,it is necessary to improve policies to encourage enterprises to increase investment in research and development;at the same time,it is necessary to promote the coordinated development of digital foundation,digital investment,digital literacy,digital economy and digital application,and promote the deep integration of digitalization and green technology innovation.

Evolution and Governance of the Structure of Marine Economic Networks in China’s Coastal Areas: Based on Sea-related A-share Listed Companies

Data on discrete,isolated attributes of the marine economy are often used in traditional marine economic research.However,as the focus of urban research shifts from internal static attributes to external dynamic linkages,the importance of marine economic net-work research is beginning to emerge.The construction of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas is necessary to change the flow of land and sea resources and optimize regional marine economic development.Employing data from headquarters and branches of sea-related A-share listed enterprises to construct the marine economic network in China,we use social network analysis(SNA)to discuss the characteristics of its evolution as of 2010,2015,and 2020 and its governance.The following results were obtained.1)In terms of topological characteristics,the scale of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas has accelerated and expan-ded,and the connections have become increasingly close;thus,this development has complex network characteristics.2)In terms of spatial structure,the intensity of the connection fluctuates and does not form stable development support;the group structure gradually becomes clear,but the overall pattern is fragmented;there are spatial differences in marine economic agglomeration radiation;the radi-ation effect of the eastern marine economic circle is obvious;and the polarization effect of northern and southern marine economic circles is significant.On this basis,we construct a framework for the governance of a marine economic network with the market,the government,and industry as the three governing bodies.By clarifying the driving factors and building objectives of marine economic network construction,this study aims to foster the high-quality development of China’s marine economy.

National Social Investment Programmes in Nigeria:A Descriptive Analysis of the Socio-Economic Contributions of N-Power Programme in Benue State

This study analysed the socio-economic contributions of N-Power programme amongst the beneficiaries of the scheme in Benue State.Prior to the introduction of N-Power programme,successive administrations in Nigeria have made concerted efforts towards improving the standard of living of the citizenry through the execution of various welfare or social intervention programmes,but not much successes were recorded.Learning from the mistakes of the past regimes,and by way of deliberate state policy,the Buhari’s government initiated a multi-pronged social investment policy,one of which is the N-power programme that came onboard in 2016,which also doubles as the subject of this study.To achieve the goal of this study,a combination of desktop research and survey design was employed.Questionnaires were administered to 390 respondents through a combination of stratified and random sampling techniques.The results of the survey were matched with that of the secondary data obtained through online websites and other related sources.The result indicated that N-Power made positive contributions to the socio-economic life of the beneficiaries in Benue State:specifically,the scheme contributed in poverty eradication,employment generation,skills acquisitions and capacity building.However,some aspect of our findings revealed that the programme has a number of challenges such as:inadequate cash support,delay in monthly cash transfer to beneficiaries,distance participants had to move to their work stations,absence of posting in N-Teach scheme,and lack of adequate working tools amongst others.To salvage this problem the paper recommended the following solutions:expansion of the scheme to cover N-Teach and other aspects,increment in the monthly cash transfer to cushion the high rate of inflation,support for the participants/beneficiaries in transportation and logistics,enrolment of more youth into the various schemes,proper monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the schemes amongst others.