Franchising is a specific form of business,which began with development in the 50th of last century,whereby the noticeable dynamics gained at the end of last two decades of the 20th century.Its specific substance wins...Franchising is a specific form of business,which began with development in the 50th of last century,whereby the noticeable dynamics gained at the end of last two decades of the 20th century.Its specific substance wins by offering of attractive possibilities for small and medium sized enterprises,in particular by effectivity,lifetime stability in first five years of business activities and its positive vision for survival in the period of crisis and turbulent time.The successfulness of entrepreneurship by franchising form is one of the safety forms of entrepreneurial activity.It offers anyway the rational format with clearly divided tasks,which is the base of dynamical and effective system,at which its compactness,integrity,and reliability is the precondition of surviving and achieving of success,for both parties—the franchisor and for franchisee,as well.Franchising is model for small and medium sized enterprises,which works well if both sides become integrated with it.Problems described in the present paper constitute part of the research project under Grant project of the Slovak Franchising Association(SFA)(project period:2017-2018).Questionnaire was prepared by the authors and the participants were the members of SFA.The questionnaire method applied the open and closed questions,as well.Results and conclusions are presented in the article.展开更多
Franchising as a specific form of business is one of most interesting and perspective forms of doing business in the 21st century.The present circumstances on the market touched by the crisis require(expected in 2021)...Franchising as a specific form of business is one of most interesting and perspective forms of doing business in the 21st century.The present circumstances on the market touched by the crisis require(expected in 2021)the permanent looking for the certainty for the enterprises.One of it is franchising.It concerned the classical closed vertical distribution system,which is managed on contractual basis and one of the system members,named franchisor,connects some levels in the production-distribution chain.His partner is a franchisee.Both partners are searching for the optimal level of correlative relationship.It is a dynamic commercial system,which represents a modern form of cooperation between the enterprises.Franchising is regarded as a progressive marketing strategy.It is one of few forms of entrepreneurship without stagnation in the crisis period,as well.展开更多
In this study,two integrated game models are developed to explore the possible economic and environmental consequences of Emission control areas(ECA)regulations.Moreover,the analytical solutions compared with a benchm...In this study,two integrated game models are developed to explore the possible economic and environmental consequences of Emission control areas(ECA)regulations.Moreover,the analytical solutions compared with a benchmark case are derived.We find that vessel speed and SO_(2)emissions will decrease under the ECA regulations.However,shipping company’s level of competition has no effect on the equivalent speed.The equivalent freight volume to be reduced or increased is determined by the additional operational cost per voyage due to ECA regulations.Numerical study and sensitivity analysis reveal that the vessel speed and SO_(2)emission reduction are very sensitive to the inventory costs of intransit cargo.Furthermore,if low-sulphur marine gas oil is used throughout the voyage,the SO_(2)emission reduction may be greater than 80%,with a low impact on the shipping company’s profit.Thus,considering the environmental effects,much stricter limits can be set in the future.展开更多
文摘Franchising is a specific form of business,which began with development in the 50th of last century,whereby the noticeable dynamics gained at the end of last two decades of the 20th century.Its specific substance wins by offering of attractive possibilities for small and medium sized enterprises,in particular by effectivity,lifetime stability in first five years of business activities and its positive vision for survival in the period of crisis and turbulent time.The successfulness of entrepreneurship by franchising form is one of the safety forms of entrepreneurial activity.It offers anyway the rational format with clearly divided tasks,which is the base of dynamical and effective system,at which its compactness,integrity,and reliability is the precondition of surviving and achieving of success,for both parties—the franchisor and for franchisee,as well.Franchising is model for small and medium sized enterprises,which works well if both sides become integrated with it.Problems described in the present paper constitute part of the research project under Grant project of the Slovak Franchising Association(SFA)(project period:2017-2018).Questionnaire was prepared by the authors and the participants were the members of SFA.The questionnaire method applied the open and closed questions,as well.Results and conclusions are presented in the article.
文摘Franchising as a specific form of business is one of most interesting and perspective forms of doing business in the 21st century.The present circumstances on the market touched by the crisis require(expected in 2021)the permanent looking for the certainty for the enterprises.One of it is franchising.It concerned the classical closed vertical distribution system,which is managed on contractual basis and one of the system members,named franchisor,connects some levels in the production-distribution chain.His partner is a franchisee.Both partners are searching for the optimal level of correlative relationship.It is a dynamic commercial system,which represents a modern form of cooperation between the enterprises.Franchising is regarded as a progressive marketing strategy.It is one of few forms of entrepreneurship without stagnation in the crisis period,as well.
文摘In this study,two integrated game models are developed to explore the possible economic and environmental consequences of Emission control areas(ECA)regulations.Moreover,the analytical solutions compared with a benchmark case are derived.We find that vessel speed and SO_(2)emissions will decrease under the ECA regulations.However,shipping company’s level of competition has no effect on the equivalent speed.The equivalent freight volume to be reduced or increased is determined by the additional operational cost per voyage due to ECA regulations.Numerical study and sensitivity analysis reveal that the vessel speed and SO_(2)emission reduction are very sensitive to the inventory costs of intransit cargo.Furthermore,if low-sulphur marine gas oil is used throughout the voyage,the SO_(2)emission reduction may be greater than 80%,with a low impact on the shipping company’s profit.Thus,considering the environmental effects,much stricter limits can be set in the future.
