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Comparative systems biology between human and animal models based on next-generation sequencing methods
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作者 Yu-Qi ZHAO Gong-Hua LI Jing-Fei HUANG 《Zoological Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 北大核心 2013年第S02期35-41,共7页
Animal models provide myriad benefits to both experimental and clinical research.Unfortunately,in many situations,they fall short of expected results or provide contradictory results.In part,this can be the result of ... Animal models provide myriad benefits to both experimental and clinical research.Unfortunately,in many situations,they fall short of expected results or provide contradictory results.In part,this can be the result of traditional molecular biological approaches that are relatively inefficient in elucidating underlying molecular mechanism.To improve the efficacy of animal models,a technological breakthrough is required.The growing availability and application of the high-throughput methods make systematic comparisons between human and animal models easier to perform.In the present study,we introduce the concept of the comparative systems biology,which we define as“comparisons of biological systems in different states or species used to achieve an integrated understanding of life forms with all their characteristic complexity of interactions at multiple levels”.Furthermore,we discuss the applications of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq technologies to comparative systems biology between human and animal models and assess the potential applications for this approach in the future studies. 展开更多
关键词 Animal models comparative systems biology Next-generation sequencing RNA-SEQ CHIP-SEQ
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Descriptive and Comparative Histology of the Urinary System of the Hematophagous Bats Desmodus rotundus and Diphylla ecaudata
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作者 María Guadalupe Ramírez-Muñoz Samantha Jardon-Xicotencatl +2 位作者 José Ignacio Olave-Leyva Armando Zepeda-Bastida Juan Ocampo-López 《Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine》 CAS 2024年第7期180-191,共12页
Desmodus rotundus and Diphylla ecaudata, both of which are mammals of the order Chiroptera, Desmodontidae family, their diet consisting exclusively of blood. D. rotundus is the main vector and transmitter of the rabie... Desmodus rotundus and Diphylla ecaudata, both of which are mammals of the order Chiroptera, Desmodontidae family, their diet consisting exclusively of blood. D. rotundus is the main vector and transmitter of the rabies virus, which affects human beings as well as several livestock species so the study of this bat species is of high importance within the fields of animal agriculture and public health. The present study describes and compares the histologic characteristics of the urinary system of two hematophagous bat species. A total of 5 bats from each species were captured in the municipalities of Progreso de Obregón, Hidalgo (D. rotundus), and Huayacocotla, Veracruz (D. ecaudata). Organs belonging to the urinary system were extracted: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra;samples were fixed using 10% formalin and processed by the paraffin embedding technique, obtaining sections of 5 µm thickness, which in turn were stained using hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) and Gomori trichrome (GT) stains. From the obtained histologic preparations, a descriptive and comparative analysis of the structural organography of the urinary system of both species was made, and no noteworthy histological differences between samples were noted. The present research is intended to provide a framework for future studies of these species’ currently understudied microscopic anatomy. 展开更多
关键词 Microscopic Anatomy Vampire Bats KIDNEYS comparative Morphology
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Comparative Study of the Reliability and Complexity of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Cryptosystems for the Protection of Academic Data in the Democratic Republic of Congo
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作者 Mugaruka Buduge Gulain Jeremie Ndikumagenge +2 位作者 Buhendwa Nyenyezi Justin Bulonza Masumbuko Alexis Katho Seba Jacques 《Journal of Information Security》 2024年第3期299-307,共9页
In the digital age, the data exchanged within a company is a wealth of knowledge. The survival, growth and influence of a company in the short, medium and long term depend on it. Indeed, it is the lifeblood of any mod... In the digital age, the data exchanged within a company is a wealth of knowledge. The survival, growth and influence of a company in the short, medium and long term depend on it. Indeed, it is the lifeblood of any modern company. A companys operational and historical data contains strategic and operational knowledge of ever-increasing added value. The emergence of a new paradigm: big data. Today, the value of the data scattered throughout this mother of knowledge is calculated in billions of dollars, depending on its size, scope and area of intervention. With the rise of computer networks and distributed systems, the threats to these sensitive resources have steadily increased, jeopardizing the existence of the company itself by drying up production and losing the interest of customers and suppliers. These threats range from sabotage to bankruptcy. For several decades now, most companies have been using encryption algorithms to protect and secure their information systems against the threats and dangers posed by the inherent vulnerabilities of their infrastructure and the current economic climate. This vulnerability requires companies to make the right choice of algorithms to implement in their management systems. For this reason, the present work aims to carry out a comparative study of the reliability and effectiveness of symmetrical and asymmetrical cryptosystems, in order to identify one or more suitable for securing academic data in the DRC. The analysis of the robustness of commonly used symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystems will be the subject of simulations in this article. 展开更多
关键词 comparative Study CRYPTOsystemS Symmetric Encryption Asymmetric Encryption
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Comparative transcriptome analysis between rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta) and crab-eating macaques(M. fascicularis) 被引量:1
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作者 Yu-Xiang Mao Yamei Li +6 位作者 Zikun Yang Ning Xu Shilong Zhang Xuankai Wang Xiangyu Yang Qiang Sun Yafei Mao 《Zoological Research》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期299-310,共12页
Understanding gene expression variations between species is pivotal for deciphering the evolutionary diversity in phenotypes. Rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta, MMU)and crab-eating macaques(M. fascicularis, MFA) serve as... Understanding gene expression variations between species is pivotal for deciphering the evolutionary diversity in phenotypes. Rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta, MMU)and crab-eating macaques(M. fascicularis, MFA) serve as crucial nonhuman primate biomedical models with different phenotypes. To date, however, large-scale comparative transcriptome research between these two species has not yet been fully explored. Here, we conducted systematic comparisons utilizing newly sequenced RNA-seq data from84 samples(41 MFA samples and 43 MMU samples)encompassing 14 common tissues. Our findings revealed a small fraction of genes(3.7%) with differential expression between the two species, as well as 36.5% of genes with tissue-specific expression in both macaques. Comparison of gene expression between macaques and humans indicated that 22.6% of orthologous genes displayed differential expression in at least two tissues. Moreover,19.41% of genes that overlapped with macaque-specific structural variants showed differential expression between humans and macaques. Of these, the FAM220A gene exhibited elevated expression in humans compared to macaques due to lineage-specific duplication. In summary,this study presents a large-scale transcriptomic comparison between MMU and MFA and between macaques and humans. The discovery of gene expression variations not only enhances the biomedical utility of macaque models but also contributes to the wider field of primate genomics. 展开更多
关键词 Crab-eating macaques Rhesus macaques comparative transcriptomics Biomedical models Nonhuman primates RNA-SEQ Duplicated genes
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Rice-wheat comparative genomics:Gains and gaps
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作者 Akila Wijerathna-Yapa Ruchi Bishnoi +11 位作者 Buddhini Ranawaka Manu Maya Magar Hafeez Ur Rehman Swati G.Bharad Michal T.Lorenc Vinita Ramtekey Sasha Gohar Charu Lata Md.Harun-Or-Rashid Maryam Razzaq Muhammad Sajjad Bhoja R.Basnet 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第3期656-669,共14页
Rice and wheat provide nearly 40%of human calorie and protein requirements.They share a common ancestor and belong to the Poaceae(grass)family.Characterizing their genetic homology is crucial for developing new cultiv... Rice and wheat provide nearly 40%of human calorie and protein requirements.They share a common ancestor and belong to the Poaceae(grass)family.Characterizing their genetic homology is crucial for developing new cultivars with enhanced traits.Several wheat genes and gene families have been characterized based on their rice orthologs.Rice–wheat orthology can identify genetic regions that regulate similar traits in both crops.Rice–wheat comparative genomics can identify candidate wheat genes in a genomic region identified by association or QTL mapping,deduce their putative functions and biochemical pathways,and develop molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding.A knowledge of gene homology facilitates the transfer between crops of genes or genomic regions associated with desirable traits by genetic engineering,gene editing,or wide crossing. 展开更多
关键词 comparative genomics ORTHOLOGS GENES SYNTENY Genetic engineering Molecular breeding
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The relationship between compartment models and their stochastic counterparts:A comparative study with examples of the COVID-19 epidemic modeling
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作者 Ziyu Zhao Yi Zhou +6 位作者 Jinxing Guan Yan Yan Jing Zhao Zhihang Peng Feng Chen Yang Zhao Fang Shao 《Journal of Biomedical Research》 CAS CSCD 2024年第2期175-188,I0016-I0018,共17页
Deterministic compartment models(CMs)and stochastic models,including stochastic CMs and agent-based models,are widely utilized in epidemic modeling.However,the relationship between CMs and their corresponding stochast... Deterministic compartment models(CMs)and stochastic models,including stochastic CMs and agent-based models,are widely utilized in epidemic modeling.However,the relationship between CMs and their corresponding stochastic models is not well understood.The present study aimed to address this gap by conducting a comparative study using the susceptible,exposed,infectious,and recovered(SEIR)model and its extended CMs from the coronavirus disease 2019 modeling literature.We demonstrated the equivalence of the numerical solution of CMs using the Euler scheme and their stochastic counterparts through theoretical analysis and simulations.Based on this equivalence,we proposed an efficient model calibration method that could replicate the exact solution of CMs in the corresponding stochastic models through parameter adjustment.The advancement in calibration techniques enhanced the accuracy of stochastic modeling in capturing the dynamics of epidemics.However,it should be noted that discrete-time stochastic models cannot perfectly reproduce the exact solution of continuous-time CMs.Additionally,we proposed a new stochastic compartment and agent mixed model as an alternative to agent-based models for large-scale population simulations with a limited number of agents.This model offered a balance between computational efficiency and accuracy.The results of this research contributed to the comparison and unification of deterministic CMs and stochastic models in epidemic modeling.Furthermore,the results had implications for the development of hybrid models that integrated the strengths of both frameworks.Overall,the present study has provided valuable epidemic modeling techniques and their practical applications for understanding and controlling the spread of infectious diseases. 展开更多
关键词 compartment models agent-based models compartment-agent mixed models comparative study COVID-19
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Comparative and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Complete Chloroplast Genomes of 19 Species in Rosaceae Family
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作者 Riwa Mahai Rongpeng Liu +3 位作者 Xiaolang Du Zejing Mu Xiaoyun Wang Jun Yuan 《Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany》 SCIE 2024年第6期1203-1219,共17页
Rosaceae represents a vast and complex group of species,with its classification being intricate and contentious.The taxonomic placement of many species within this family has been a subject of ongoing debate.The study ... Rosaceae represents a vast and complex group of species,with its classification being intricate and contentious.The taxonomic placement of many species within this family has been a subject of ongoing debate.The study utilized the Illumina platform to sequence 19 plant species from 10 genera in the Rosaceae.The cp genomes,vary-ing in size from 153,366 to 159,895 bp,followed the typical quadripartite organization consisting of a large single-copy(LSC)region(84,545 to 87,883 bp),a small single-copy(SSC)region(18,174 to 19,259 bp),and a pair of inverted repeat(IR)regions(25,310 to 26,396 bp).These genomes contained 132–138 annotated genes,including 87 to 93 protein-coding genes(PCGs),37 tRNA genes,and 8 rRNA genes using MISA software,52 to 121 simple sequence repeat(SSR)loci were identified.D.arbuscular contained the least of SSRs and did not have hexanotides,A.lineata contained the richest SSRs.Long terminal repeats(LTRs)were primarily composed of palindromic and forward repeat sequences,meanwhile,The richest LTRs were found in Argentina lineata.Except for Argentina lineata,Fragariastrum eriocarpum,and Prunus trichostoma,which varied in gene type and position on both sides of the boundary,the remaining species were found to be mostly conserved according to IR boundary analysis.The examination of the Ka/Ks ratio revealed that only the infA gene had a value greater than 1,indicating that this gene was primarily subjected to positive selection during evolution.Additionally,9 hotspots of variation were identified in the LSC and SSC regions.Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the scientific validity of the genus Prunus L.sensu lato(s.l.)within the Rosaceae family.The separation of the three genera Argentina Hill,Fragariastrum Heist.ex Fabr.and Dasiphora Raf.from Potentilla L.may be a more scientific classification.These results offer fresh perspectives on the taxonomy of the Rosaceae. 展开更多
关键词 ROSACEAE chloroplast genomes comparative genomes PHYLOGENY
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Comparative efficacy of proximal femoral nail vs dynamic condylar screw in treating unstable intertrochanteric fractures
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作者 Ahmed Mohamed Yousif Mohamed Monzir Salih +2 位作者 Mohanad Abdulgadir Ayman E Abbas Duha Lutfi Turjuman 《World Journal of Orthopedics》 2024年第8期796-806,共11页
BACKGROUND Among the most frequent hip fractures are trochanteric fractures,which usually occur from low-energy trauma like minor falls,especially in older people with osteoporotic bones.AIM To evaluate the treatment ... BACKGROUND Among the most frequent hip fractures are trochanteric fractures,which usually occur from low-energy trauma like minor falls,especially in older people with osteoporotic bones.AIM To evaluate the treatment efficacy of dynamic condylar screws(DCS)and proximal femoral nails(PFN)for unstable intertrochanteric fractures.METHODS To find pertinent randomized controlled trials and retrospective observational studies comparing PFN with DCS for the management of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures,a thorough search was carried out.For research studies published between January 1996 and April 2024,PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and Google Scholar were all searched.The complete texts of the papers were retrieved,vetted,and independently examined by two investigators.Disputes were settled by consensus,and any disagreements that persisted were arbitrated by a third author.RESULTS This study included six articles,comprising a total of 173 patients.Compared to the DCS,the PFN had a shorter operation time[mean difference(MD):-41.7 min,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-63.04 to-20.35,P=0.0001],higher success rates with closed reduction techniques[risk ratio(RR):34.05,95%CI:11.12-104.31,P<0.00001],and required less intraoperative blood transfusion(MD:-1.4 units,95%CI:-1.80 to-1.00,P<0.00001).Additionally,the PFN showed shorter fracture union time(MD:-6.92 wk,95%CI:-10.27 to-3.57,P<0.0001)and a lower incidence of reoperation(RR:0.37,95%CI:0.17-0.82,P=0.01).However,there was no discernible variation regarding hospital stay,implant-related complications,and infections.CONCLUSION Compared to DCS,PFN offers shorter operative times,reduces the blood transfusions requirements,achieves higher closed reduction success,enables faster fracture healing,and lowers reoperation incidence. 展开更多
关键词 Intertrochanteric fracture UNSTABLE Dynamic condylar screw Proximal femoral nail META-ANALYSIS comparative study
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Exploring Nominalization in English Abstracts of Applied Linguistics Research Articles:A Comparative Study Between Chinese and International Journals
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作者 Gong Yingrui Zhao Yibu 《Contemporary Social Sciences》 2024年第4期122-142,共21页
Researchers around the world strive to communicate new knowledge,primarily via publication,with the abstract being crucial in conveying core insights.Previous research has generally analyzed the discourse features of ... Researchers around the world strive to communicate new knowledge,primarily via publication,with the abstract being crucial in conveying core insights.Previous research has generally analyzed the discourse features of abstracts from a macro perspective and often employed either outdated texts,such as those over a decade old,or papers written by authors with lower English academic writing proficiency as research material.In this study,we analyzed forty abstracts from leading journals in applied linguistics,evenly split between Chinese and international journals.It revealed that the use of nominalization in abstracts by Chinese and international scholars showed similarities due to the universal academic requirement for conciseness.However,due to cultural and educational differences,each group differed in their respective language choices and nominalization usage.By analyzing the application of nominalization in different cultural contexts,the results of our study offered practical suggestions for crafting abstracts that effectively convey information,thereby,contributing to the broader academic community. 展开更多
关键词 NOMINALIZATION ABSTRACTS comparative study applied linguistics
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A Comparative Study on Factors Influencing Food Security in China and India
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作者 Shaowen YANG Meixue QIU 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2024年第2期12-15,共4页
This paper analyzes and compares the key factors influencing food security in two populous countries(China and India),and cate-gorizes them into three types:agricultural production,economic development and income leve... This paper analyzes and compares the key factors influencing food security in two populous countries(China and India),and cate-gorizes them into three types:agricultural production,economic development and income level,and income distribution.Using the prevalence of undernourishment as an indicator of food security,the paper empirically tests the degree of impact of various factors on food security in both countries using Tobit regression and Newey regression methods.The study finds that improving the level of economic development can significantly enhance food security in both countriesꎻreducing the Gini coefficient has a significant impact on India,but not on Chinaꎻincreasing the agricultural production per capita has a much greater effect on China than on India.Therefore,both countries should take measures that are both similar and different according to their national conditions to improve their food security level. 展开更多
关键词 Food security Influencing factors comparative study Econometric model
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Integrated Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction: A Comprehensive Comparative Study
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作者 Shadman Mahmood Khan Pathan Sakan Binte Imran 《Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications》 2024年第1期12-22,共11页
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) pose a significant global health challenge, necessitating accurate risk prediction for effective preventive measures. This comprehensive comparative study explores the performance of tra... Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) pose a significant global health challenge, necessitating accurate risk prediction for effective preventive measures. This comprehensive comparative study explores the performance of traditional Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) models in predicting CVD risk, utilizing a meticulously curated dataset derived from health records. Rigorous preprocessing, including normalization and outlier removal, enhances model robustness. Diverse ML models (Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, and Gradient Boosting) are compared with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network for DL. Evaluation metrics include accuracy, ROC AUC, computation time, and memory usage. Results identify the Gradient Boosting Classifier and LSTM as top performers, demonstrating high accuracy and ROC AUC scores. Comparative analyses highlight model strengths and limitations, contributing valuable insights for optimizing predictive strategies. This study advances predictive analytics for cardiovascular health, with implications for personalized medicine. The findings underscore the versatility of intelligent systems in addressing health challenges, emphasizing the broader applications of ML and DL in disease identification beyond cardiovascular health. 展开更多
关键词 Cardiovascular Disease Machine Learning Deep Learning Predictive Modeling Risk Assessment comparative Analysis Gradient Boosting LSTM
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Quantitative Comparative Study of the Performance of Lossless Compression Methods Based on a Text Data Model
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作者 Namogo Silué Sié Ouattara +1 位作者 Mouhamadou Dosso Alain Clément 《Open Journal of Applied Sciences》 2024年第7期1944-1962,共19页
Data compression plays a key role in optimizing the use of memory storage space and also reducing latency in data transmission. In this paper, we are interested in lossless compression techniques because their perform... Data compression plays a key role in optimizing the use of memory storage space and also reducing latency in data transmission. In this paper, we are interested in lossless compression techniques because their performance is exploited with lossy compression techniques for images and videos generally using a mixed approach. To achieve our intended objective, which is to study the performance of lossless compression methods, we first carried out a literature review, a summary of which enabled us to select the most relevant, namely the following: arithmetic coding, LZW, Tunstall’s algorithm, RLE, BWT, Huffman coding and Shannon-Fano. Secondly, we designed a purposive text dataset with a repeating pattern in order to test the behavior and effectiveness of the selected compression techniques. Thirdly, we designed the compression algorithms and developed the programs (scripts) in Matlab in order to test their performance. Finally, following the tests conducted on relevant data that we constructed according to a deliberate model, the results show that these methods presented in order of performance are very satisfactory:- LZW- Arithmetic coding- Tunstall algorithm- BWT + RLELikewise, it appears that on the one hand, the performance of certain techniques relative to others is strongly linked to the sequencing and/or recurrence of symbols that make up the message, and on the other hand, to the cumulative time of encoding and decoding. 展开更多
关键词 Arithmetic Coding BWT Compression Ratio comparative Study Compression Techniques Shannon-Fano HUFFMAN Lossless Compression LZW PERFORMANCE REDUNDANCY RLE Text Data Tunstall
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Research on the Policy Evolution of Inclusive Education from an International Comparative Perspective
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作者 Leinuo Lu 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第7期82-88,共7页
In recent years,thanks to the vigorous promotion by UNESCO,inclusive education has rapidly developed and spread worldwide.Governments across various nations have responded and implemented this approach,successively in... In recent years,thanks to the vigorous promotion by UNESCO,inclusive education has rapidly developed and spread worldwide.Governments across various nations have responded and implemented this approach,successively introducing laws and policies to ensure that children with special needs are better integrated into society and receive a comprehensive education.This paper begins by exploring the concept and connotation of inclusive education.Through an international comparative perspective,it conducts a comparative analysis of the policy evolution of inclusive education in China and the United Kingdom.Furthermore,it investigates the implications that advanced international policy experiences have for the development of inclusive education in China. 展开更多
关键词 Inclusive education International perspective Policy evolution comparative analysis
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A Comparative Study of Genetic Algorithm Parameters for the Inverse Problem-based Fault Diagnosis of Liquid Rocket Propulsion Systems 被引量:1
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作者 Erfu Yang Hongjun Xiang +1 位作者 Dongbing Gu Zhenpeng Zhang 《International Journal of Automation and computing》 EI 2007年第3期255-261,共7页
Fault diagnosis of liquid rocket propulsion systems (LRPSs) is a very important issue in space launch activities particularly when manned space missions are accompanied, since the safety and reliability can be signi... Fault diagnosis of liquid rocket propulsion systems (LRPSs) is a very important issue in space launch activities particularly when manned space missions are accompanied, since the safety and reliability can be significantly enhanced by exploiting an efficient fault diagnosis system. Currently, inverse problem-based diagnosis has attracted a great deal of research attention in fault diagnosis domain. This methodology provides a new strategy to model-based fault diagnosis for monitoring the health of propulsion systems. To solve the inverse problems arising from the fault diagnosis of LRPSs, GAs have been adopted in recent years as the first and effective choice of available numerical optimization tools. However, the GA has many control parameters to be chosen in advance and there still lack sound theoretical tools to analyze the effects of these parameters on diagnostic performance analytically. In this paper a comparative study of the influence of GA parameters on diagnostic results is conducted by performing a series of numerical experiments. The objective of this study is to investigate the contribution of individual algorithm parameter to final diagnostic result and provide reasonable estimates for choosing GA parameters in the inverse problem-based fault diagnosis of LRPSs. Some constructive remarks are made in conclusion and will be helpful for the implementation of GA to the fault diagnosis practice of LRPSs in the future. 展开更多
关键词 Liquid rocket propulsion systems inverse problem fault diagnosis genetic algorithm comparative study.
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Structural characterization of four Rhododendron spp.chloroplast genomes and comparative analyses with other azaleas 被引量:1
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作者 XIAOJUN ZHOU MENGXUE LIU LINLIN SONG 《BIOCELL》 SCIE 2023年第3期657-668,共12页
Azalea is a general designation of Rhododendron in the Ericaceae family.Rhododendron not only has high ornamental value but also has application value in ecological protection,medicine,and scientific research.In this ... Azalea is a general designation of Rhododendron in the Ericaceae family.Rhododendron not only has high ornamental value but also has application value in ecological protection,medicine,and scientific research.In this study,we used Illumina and PacBio sequencing to assemble and annotate the entire chloroplast genomes(cp genomes)of four Rhododendron species.The chloroplast genomes of R.concinnum,R.henanense subsp.lingbaoense,R.micranthum,and R.simsii were assembled into 207,236,208,015,207,233,and 206,912 bp,respectively.All chloroplast genomes contain eight rRNA genes,with either 88 or 89 protein-coding genes.The four cp genomes were compared and analyzed by bioinformatics,and the phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genomes of 26 species of Ericaceae,Actinidiaceae,and Primulaceae under Ericales was conducted.A comparison of the linear structure of cp genomes of four Rhododendron showed that there were substantial sequence similarities in coding regions,but high differences in non-coding regions.A phylogenetic analysis,based on chloroplast whole genome sequences,showed that all Rhododendron species are in the clade Ericaceae.This study provides valuable genetic information for the study of population genetics and evolutionary relationships in Rhododendron and other azalea species. 展开更多
关键词 RHODODENDRON comparative analysis Repeat sequences PHYLOGENY
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Comparative transcriptomes reveal the disjunction adaptive strategy of Thuja species in East Asia and North America
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作者 Ermei Chang Xue Liu +3 位作者 Jiahui Chen Jingyi Sun Shaowei Yang Jianfeng Liu 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第6期1963-1974,共12页
The genus Thuja is ideal for investigating the genetic basis of the East Asia-North America disjunction.The biogeographical background of the genus is debatable and an adaptive strategy is lacking.Through the analysis... The genus Thuja is ideal for investigating the genetic basis of the East Asia-North America disjunction.The biogeographical background of the genus is debatable and an adaptive strategy is lacking.Through the analysis and mining of comparative transcriptomes,species differentiation and positively selected genes(PSGs)were identified to provide information for understanding the environmental adaptation strategies of the genus Thuja.De novo assembly yielded 44,397-74,252 unigenes of the five Thuja species with contig N50length ranging from 1,559 to 1,724 bp.Annotations revealed a similar distribution of functional categories among them.Based on the phylogenetic trees constructed using the transcriptome data,T.sutchuenensis was divided first,followed by T.plicata and T.occidentalis.The final differentiation of T.koraiensis and T.standishii formed a clade.Enrichment analysis indicated that the PSGs of the North American Thuja species were involved in plant hormone signal transduction and carbon fixation of photosynthetic organisms pathways.The PSGs of East Asian Thuja were related to phenolic,alkaloid,and terpenoid synthesis,important stress-resistant genes and could increase plant resistance to external environmental stresses.This study discovered numerous aroma synthetic-related PSGs including terpene synthase(TPS)genes and lipid phosphate phosphatase 2(LPP2),associated with the synthetic aroma of T.sutchuenensis.Physiological indicators,such as the contents of soluble sugars,total chlorophyll,total phenolics,and total flavonoids were determined,which are consistent with the PSGs enrichment pathways associated with adaptive strategies in the five Thuja species.The results of this study provide an important basis for future studies on conservation genetics. 展开更多
关键词 Thuja species comparative transcriptomes East Asia-North America disjunction Specific gene Positively selected gene
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A comparative study of the main factors controlling geohazards induced by 10 strong earthquakes in Western China since the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008
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作者 Chao Peng Zhi-qiang Yin +2 位作者 Xu-jiao Zhang Hai Shao Ming-fei Pang 《China Geology》 CAS CSCD 2023年第1期70-84,共15页
Determining the main controlling factors of earthquake-triggered geohazards is a prerequisite for studying earthquake geohazards and post-disaster emergency response.By studying these factors,the geomorphic and geolog... Determining the main controlling factors of earthquake-triggered geohazards is a prerequisite for studying earthquake geohazards and post-disaster emergency response.By studying these factors,the geomorphic and geological factors controlling the nature,condition,and distribution of earthquake-induced geohazards can be analyzed.Such insights facilitate earthquake disaster prediction and emergency response planning.The authors combined field investigations and spatial data analysis to examine geohazards induced by seismic events,examining ten earthquakes including the Wenchuan,Yushu,Lushan events,to elucidate the main control factors of seismic geohazard.The authors observed that seismic geohazard occurrence is usually affected by many factors,among which active nature of the seismogenic fault,seismic peak ground acceleration(PGA),topographic slope and geomorphic height differences,and distance from the fault zone and river system are the most important.Compared with strike-slip earthquakes,thrust earthquakes induce more high-altitude and high-speed remote landslides,which can cause great harm.Slopes of 0°–40°are prone to secondary seismic geohazards,which are mainly concentrated 0–6 km from the river system.Secondary geohazards are not only related to seismogenic fault but also influenced by the associated faults in the earthquake area.The maximum seismic PGA and secondary seismic geohazard number are positively correlated,and the horizontal and vertical ground motions play leading and promoting roles in secondary geohazard formation,respectively.Through the research,the spatial distribution of seismic geohazards is predicted,providing a basis for the formulation of emergency response plans following disasters. 展开更多
关键词 Wenchuan earthquake GEOHAZARDS Main control factors comparative study Geological disater survey engineering Western China
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A Comparative Perspective of the Educational System in China and Spain
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作者 严可 《海外英语》 2021年第20期290-291,294,共3页
There have been comparisons and debates between the eastern and western educational systems since ancient times.This article starts with the Chinese educational system and its historical development and the Spanish ed... There have been comparisons and debates between the eastern and western educational systems since ancient times.This article starts with the Chinese educational system and its historical development and the Spanish educational system and its historical development,then analyzes and compares the differences between the Chinese and Spanish educational systems,and looks at these differences from an international perspective. 展开更多
关键词 educational system intercultural education comparative education Chinese education Spanish education
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Understanding Poison:Study of a Word Du from the Perspective of Comparative History
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作者 LIU Yan GUO Zhiheng 《Chinese Medicine and Culture》 2023年第3期290-296,共7页
This article investigates the word Du(毒)in premodern Chinese medicine and culture.It highlights the paradoxical meaning of the word that served as a foundation for the therapeutic use of poisons in traditional Chines... This article investigates the word Du(毒)in premodern Chinese medicine and culture.It highlights the paradoxical meaning of the word that served as a foundation for the therapeutic use of poisons in traditional Chinese medicine.The article then situates the study in a comparative framework.By comparing the Chinese notion of Du with the Greek concept of pharmakon,it demonstrates significant similarities on the medical use of poisons in the two cultures.It further identifies a striking difference:While the European pharmacy started to separate poisons from medicines in the medieval era,poisons remained an integral part of healing repertoire throughout imperial China.The article ends with offering some cultural explanations for this divergence,and more broadly,a distinct worldview as revealed by the intimate relationship between poisons and medicines in traditional Chinese pharmacy. 展开更多
关键词 ACONITE comparative history Du Materia Medica MEDICINE PHARMACY Pharmakon POISON
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Comparative Advantage and Latecomer Advantage
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作者 Fan Gang 《China Economist》 2023年第5期2-13,共12页
To achieve development,developing countries must capitalize on their relative advantages,including comparative advantage and latecomer advantages.A country must develop an industrial structure that is consistent with ... To achieve development,developing countries must capitalize on their relative advantages,including comparative advantage and latecomer advantages.A country must develop an industrial structure that is consistent with the comparative advantage of its factor structure in order to avoid the trap of“structural catch-up”that stifles development.The issue for developing countries is that their comparative advantage in core factors of production is unstable and tends to decrease and dissipate.Such a comparative advantage cannot provide adequate growth for convergence to occur.Developed countries,on the other hand,can sustain economic growth due to their comparative advantage in high-quality factors.Latecomer advantage refers to the ability of developing countries to increase their knowledge factor in a cost-effective manner by learning,importing,assimilating,and using knowledge and technology that already exist.Although comparative and latecomer advantages may have a combined effect,each has its distinct characteristics.Latecomer advantage is a special development factor that applies to latecomers.It is crucial at all stages of development,but especially so in the middle-income stage and beyond.Bringing latecomer advantage into full play is essential for developing nations to converge with the advanced countries. 展开更多
关键词 Economic development comparative advantage latecomer advantage CONVERGENCE knowledge spillover
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