Link Budget and Networking Analysis of FuTURE 4G TDD Trial System

The FuTURE 4G Time Division Duplex (TDD) trial system uses 3.5 GHz carrier frequency and several crucial technologies including broadband Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). These technologies challenge the link budget and networking analysis of the FuTURE 4G TDD trial network. This paper analyzes the practical 3.5 GHz propagation model and the link budget of Radio Frequency (RF) parameters of the trial system. Moreover,it introduces networking analysis and network planning of the trial system,which combines the field test results of the MIMO system. The FuTURE 4G TDD trial system and its trial network have been accomplished with successful checkup. The trial system fulfills all the requirements with two Access Points (AP) and three Mobile Terminals (MT),which supports multi-user,mobility,a high peak rate of 100 Mb/s,High-Definition TV (HDTV),high-speed data download,and Voice over IP (VoIP) services.

Performance analysis in 3G/ad hoc integrated network

An analytical approach to evaluate the performance of the 3G/ad hoc integrated network is presented. A channel model capturing both path loss and shadowing is applied to the analysis so as to characterize power falloff vs. distance. The 3G/ad hoc integrated network scenario model is introduced briefly. Based on this model, several performances of the 3G/ ad hoc integrated network in terms of outage probability, call dropping probability and new call blocking probability are evaluated. The corresponding performance formulae are deduced in accordance with the analytical models. Meanwhile, the formula of the 3G/ad hoc integrated network capacity is deduced on the basis of the formula of the outage probability. It is observed from extensive simulation and numerical analysis that the 3G/ad hoc integrated network remarkably outperforms the 3G network with regards to the network performance. This derived evaluation approach can be applied into planning and optimization of the 3G/ad hoc network.

Analysis of Gettysburg Address

In discourse analysis,different analyzer uses different ways to analyze discourse.This essay analyzes Gettysburg Address theoretically and practically based on Function Grammar proposed by M.A.K.Halliday.It aims to explore rather than literal meaning of the Address from different language structures by adopting some theories in Functional Grammar.

奶牛小肠上皮细胞系细胞染色体核型与G-带分析

为了鉴定奶牛小肠上皮细胞系(BIECs-21)的生物学遗传稳定性,体外贴壁培养BIECs-21细胞,制备染色体标本和G-带标本,分析BIECs-21细胞的染色体核型和G-带。结果表明:BIECs-21细胞染色体数为2n=60,包括常染色体29对和性染色体(X和Y染色体)1对。其中,29对常染色体均为端部着丝点染色体;性染色体中,X染色体是较大的中着丝粒染色体,Y染色体是较小的中着丝粒染色体。除X、Y性染色体外,BIECs-21细胞常染色体的G-带带纹的数量和位置无显著差异。BIECs-21细胞与荷斯坦牛的正常染色体核型相比,染色体数目及形态结构均没有明显变化,证明该细胞系遗传特性稳定,可以用于牛肠道相关疾病分子机制的研究。

嵌合流行毒株G-H环基因重组口蹄疫病毒的拯救及其免疫原性分析

为了研究能有效免疫防控当前流行的O型3个拓扑型口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)的疫苗候选株,本研究利用FMDV反向遗传操作技术,通过基因替换,构建同时含当前流行的O型三个拓扑型病毒株结构蛋白基因的重组全长克隆,转染表达T7RNA聚合酶的细胞后拯救重组FMDV,分析结构蛋白基因的重构对病毒生物学特性的影响;拯救病毒制备灭活疫苗,免疫猪和牛,用体外中和试验初步研究其作为O型FMD疫苗候选株的潜力。结果表明FMD流行毒株结构蛋白VP1 G-H环基因的替换没有明显影响重组病毒的噬斑表型和复制能力,但不同FMDV G-H环抗原表位对猪诱导机体产生交叉中和抗体水平影响较大,对牛诱导机体产生交叉中和抗体的影响较小,表明FMDV G-H抗原表位是猪免疫优势的表位。本研究为未来FMDV疫苗的设计提供了重要参考。

Power Allocation and Performance Analysis of the Collaborative NOMA Assisted Relaying Systems in 5G

Serving multiple cell-edge mobile terminals poses multifaceted challenges due to the increased transmission power and interferences, which could be overcome by relay communications. With the recent advancement of 5G technologies, non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) has been used at relay node to transmit multiple messages simultaneously to multiple cell-edge users. In this paper, a Collaborative NOMA Assisted Relaying(CNAR) system for 5G is proposed by enabling the collaboration of source-relay(S-R) and relay-destination(R-D) NOMA links. The relay node of the CNAR decodes the message for itself from S-R NOMA signal and transmits the remaining messages to the multiple cell-edge users in R-D link. A simplified-CNAR(S-CNAR) system is then developed to reduce the relay complexity. The outage probabilities for both systems are analyzed by considering outage behaviors in S-R and R-D links separately. To guarantee the data rate, the optimal power allocation among NOMA users is achieved by minimizing the outage probability. The ergodic sum capacity in high SNR regime is also approximated. Our mathematical analysis and simulation results show that CNAR system outperforms existing transmission strategies and S-CNAR reaches similar performance with much lower complexity.

Coexistence Analysis between 5G System and Fixed- Satellite Service in 3400-3600 MHz

The 3400-3600 MHz band is one of the most important candidate frequency bands for the rollout of 5 G system. However, the coexistence between 5 G system and fixed-satellite service(FSS) in this frequency band is one of the most challenging problems for both academic researchers and industry engineers. In this paper, the saturation interference from 5 G base stations to the existing FSS above 3600 MHz is analyzed and the coexistence solution is achieved, which can reduce the interference and guarantee the coexistence between 5 G system and FSS. Furthermore, the Monte Carlo simulation, laboratory test and field test are carried out to verify the coexistence solution.Results show that an isolation distance of 1-2 km is required to avoid the saturation interference in terms of the adjacent bands scenario.To further reduce the isolation distance to 50 m, additional isolation of 35 dB will be necessary, which can be fulfilled by installing a filter at the input port of LNB from a real implementation perspective.

Parameterization Transfer for a Planar Computational Domain in Isogeometric Analysis

In this paper,we propose a parameterization transfer algorithm for planar domains bounded by B-spline curves,where the shapes of the planar domains are similar.The domain geometries are considered to be similar if their simplified skeletons have the same structures.One domain we call source domain,and it is parameterized using multi-patch B-spline surfaces.The resulting parameterization is C1 continuous in the regular region and G1 continuous around singular points regardless of whether the parameterization of the source domain is C1/G1 continuous or not.In this algorithm,boundary control points of the source domain are extracted from its parameterization as sequential points,and we establish a correspondence between sequential boundary control points of the source domain and the target boundary through discrete sampling and fitting.Transfer of the parametrization satisfies C1/G1 continuity under discrete harmonic mapping with continuous constraints.The new algorithm has a lower calculation cost than a decomposition-based parameterization with a high-quality parameterization result.We demonstrate that the result of the parameterization transfer in this paper can be applied in isogeometric analysis.Moreover,because of the consistency of the parameterization for the two models,this method can be applied in many other geometry processing algorithms,such as morphing and deformation.

Lie group analysis, numerical and non-traveling wave solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional diffusion–advection equation with variable coefficients

In this paper, the variable-coefficient diffusion-advection （DA） equation, which arises in modeling various physical phenomena, is studied by the Lie symmetry approach. The similarity reductions are derived by determining the complete sets of point symmetries of this equation, and then exact and numerical solutions are reported for the reduced second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Further, an extended （Gl/G）-expansion method is applied to the DA equation to construct some new non-traveling wave solutions.

Internal limiting membrane peeling with different dyes in the surgery of idiopathic macular hole: a systematic review of literature and network Meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate the effect of internal limiting membrane(ILM) peeling with indocyanine green(ICG), brilliant blue G(BBG), triamcinolone acetonide(TA), trypan blue(TB), or without dye for the treatment of idiopathic macular hole(IMH). METHODS: A search was conducted using Pub Med, EMBASE, and CENTRAL(Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) for related studies published before October 2018. RESULTS: A total of 29 studies and 2514 eyes were included in this network Meta-analysis. For IMH closure, the rank from the best to the worse treatment was: BBG, TB, TA, ICG, and no dye. There was a significant difference in postoperative IMH closure rate between BBG and no dye. The rank of the best to the worse treatment to improve visual acuity was: BBG, TB, no dye, TA, and ICG. The improvement rate of visual acuity after using BBG was significantly higher than ICG. The improvement rate of visual acuity was more favorable with TB than ICG, TA, and no dye. CONCLUSION: BBG can contribute to better anatomical and functional outcomes compared to other dyes for ILM peeling in patients with IMH. The results show that the best treatment of ILM peeling with dyes is BBG.

Performance Analysis of the Packet-Based PNT Service in NGSO Broadband Satellite Communication Systems

Providing alternative PNT service to GNSS-challenged users will be an important function of next-generation NGSO broadband satellite communication systems.Herein,a packet-based PNT service architecture in NGSO broadband systems is proposed in which a primary satellite and selected assistant satellites work together to provide PNT service to requesting users.Its positioning performance bounds are mathematically formulated by rigorously analyzing the bounds constrained by different waveforms.Simulations are conducted on different configurations of Walker Delta MEO constellations and Walker Star LEO constellations for corroboration,revealing the following:(1)Both MEO and LEO constellations achieve sub-meter-level positioning precision given enough satellites.(2)Compared to the GNSS Doppler-based velocity estimation method,the position advance based velocity estimation algorithm is more precise and applicable to the PNT service in NGSO broadband systems.(3)To provide PNT service to users in GNSS-challenged environments,the primary and each assistant satellite need only∼0.1‰of the time of one downlink beam.

A comparison of n-γ discrimination by the rise-time and zero-crossing methods

The n-γ discrimination performance of two experimental arrangements based on the rise-time method and the zero-crossing method was compared for a 50.8 mm-diametered and 50.8 mm-high BC501A liquid scintillator coupled to a 50.8 mm-diametered 9807B photomultiplier in this work. The low energy limitation of the detected neutron with different detector high voltages and the figure of merit of the n-γ discrimination in four neutron energy regions (1–2 MeV, 0.75–1 MeV, 0.5–0.75 MeV and below 0.5 MeV) were studied by using the Am-Be neutron source. Under a time statistical model of the photoelectron emission process in scintillation counters, the intrinsic capability of the n-γ discrimination performance under the optimal condition was evaluated. The experimental results of the zero-crossing method demonstrate a better n-γ. discrimination performance than those of the rise-time method, which is consistent with the calculated results.

Towards Fully Secure 5G Ultra-Low Latency Communications: A Cost-Security Functions Analysis

Future components to enhance the basic,native security of 5G networks are either complex mechanisms whose impact in the requiring 5G communications are not considered,or lightweight solutions adapted to ultrareliable low-latency communications(URLLC)but whose security properties remain under discussion.Although different 5G network slices may have different requirements,in general,both visions seem to fall short at provisioning secure URLLC in the future.In this work we address this challenge,by introducing cost-security functions as a method to evaluate the performance and adequacy of most developed and employed non-native enhanced security mechanisms in 5G networks.We categorize those new security components into different groups according to their purpose and deployment scope.We propose to analyze them in the context of existing 5G architectures using two different approaches.First,using model checking techniques,we will evaluate the probability of an attacker to be successful against each security solution.Second,using analytical models,we will analyze the impact of these security mechanisms in terms of delay,throughput consumption,and reliability.Finally,we will combine both approaches using stochastic cost-security functions and the PRISM model checker to create a global picture.Our results are first evidence of how a 5G network that covers and strengthened all security areas through enhanced,dedicated non-native mechanisms could only guarantee secure URLLC with a probability of∼55%.

Learning curve for a surgeon in robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy through a“G”-shaped approach:A cumulative sum analysis

BACKGROUND Robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy(RPD)can achieve similar surgical results to open and PD;however,RPD has a long learning curve and operation time(OT).To address this issue,we have summarized a surgical path to shorten the surgical learning curve and OT.AIM To investigate the effective learning curve of a“G”-shaped surgical approach in RPD for patients.METHODS A total of 60 patients,who received“G”-shaped RPD(GRPD)by a single surgeon in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from May 2017 to April 2020,were included in this study.The OT,demographic data,intraoperative blood loss,complications,hospitalization time,and pathological results were recorded,and the cumulative sum(CUSUM)analysis was performed to evaluate the learning curve for GRPD.RESULTS According to the CUSUM analysis,the learning curve for GRPD was grouped into two phases:The early and late phases.The OT was 480±81.65 min vs 331±76.54 min,hospitalization time was 22±4.53 d vs 17±6.08 d,and blood loss was 308±54.78 mL vs 169.2±35.33 mL in the respective groups.Complications,including pancreatic fistula,bile leakage,reoperation rate,postoperative death,and delayed gastric emptying,were significantly decreased after this surgical technique.CONCLUSION GRPD can improve the learning curve and operative time,providing a new method for shortening the RPD learning curve.

A clinical analysis and prognostic study of 62 cases with T1G3 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

Objective:The aim of our study was to clarify the clinicopathological factors affecting the outcome of T1G3 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 62 cases of T1G3 bladder cancer treated with transuretheral resection of bladder toumor (TURBT) followed by intravesical instillation between 1997 and 2009.Cumulative survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.Cox regression was used for univariate and multivariate analysis.Log-rank method was used for the significance test.The statistical difference was accepted when the P value was lower than 0.05.Results:Median follow-up period was 40 months (6-140 months).Forty-one cases of intravesical recurrence (66%) were observed during follow-up.Two-and 5-year recurrence-free survival rates were 43.4% and 35.1%.Fourteen cases of progression (23%) were observed during the follow-up period.Two-and 5-year progression-free survival rates were 86.4% and 83.5%,respectively.Significant factors for tumor recurrence and progression were analyzed by Cox regression.Tumor multiplicity (RR=2.250),size (RR=1.039) and history of recurrence (RR=2.162) were significantly correlated with recurrence and tumor multiplicity (RR=3.695) was significantly correlated with progression on multivariate analysis.Conclusion:Tumor multiplicity,size,history of recurrence were correlated with recurrence and tumor multiplicity was significantly correlated with progression.Tumor multiplicity,size and history of recurrence should be taken into account when we make therapy strategies for T1G3 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

牛流行热病毒云南流行毒株G基因遗传多样性分析

为调查云南大理州一处奶牛养殖小区BEFV的感染情况及其流行毒株G基因的遗传多样性。对该大理州奶牛养殖小区的10份疑似病例,参考GenBank中牛流行热病毒的G基因序列,设计并合成2对特异性扩增G基因,测序并完成序列分析。同时,采60份血清样本进行抗体检测。结果显示,对10份疑似BEF病牛全血样的检测结果,6份呈BEFV核酸阳性。去除重复序列,获得4株牛流行热病毒云南流行株G基因扩增、测序,序列全长均为1872 bp,编码623 aa。4株毒株之间组内核苷酸序列相似性为99.7%~99.9%,遗传进化分析与亚洲毒株聚为一类,并独自为一个细小分支。与泰国2017年分离TH-NP0065毒株和中国的毒株关系最近。与我国疫苗株JB76H的氨基酸同源性比较,发现7个氨基酸突变位点,为K^(53)→N^(53)、K^(62)→R^(62)、P^(183)→S^(183)、G^(263)→E^(263)、K^(461)→E^(461)、K^(457)→R^(457)、I^(475)→M^(475)。除中和抗原位点G1外,G2、G3、G4均出现变异位点。抗体检测试剂盒检测结果,抗体浓度≥52.5 ng/L临界值的样品有19份,阳性率为31.67%。综上所述,该奶牛养殖小区存在BEFV的感染,且流行株G基因存在多位点变异。

载铁活性炭对酸性嫩黄G的吸附机理

为获得高效处理酸性嫩黄G(AYG)废水方法,采用浸渍法制备载铁活性炭(Fe-AC)作为吸附剂,并采用傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜及比表面积方法对改性前后活性炭进行表征分析。研究采用Box-Behnken Design响应面分析了各因素及其交互作用对AYG的去除影响,并探讨了Fe-AC吸附处理AYG的机理。结果表明:3个因素对AYG去除影响的显著顺序为Fe-AC投加量>处理时间>pH。最佳处理条件:Fe-AC投加量为9.51g/L、处理时间为40.79 min、pH值为4.23。Fe-AC吸附AYG遵循准二级动力学模型,反应速率常数为0.0102~0.6193 g/(mg·min),吸附过程符合Temkin吸附等温模型。机理分析结果表明,Fe-AC含氧官能团增加,表面粗糙,比表面积及单点吸附总孔容增加,裂缝、凹陷丰富,存在多层吸附现象,为其吸附AYG提供了更多结合位点,更利于其与吸附质结合,增加其对AYG吸附量。

Genome-wide association mapping and genomic prediction of stalk rot in two mid-altitude tropical maize populations

Maize stalk rot reduces grain yield and quality.Information about the genetics of resistance to maize stalk rot could help breeders design effective breeding strategies for the trait.Genomic prediction may be a more effective breeding strategy for stalk-rot resistance than marker-assisted selection.We performed a genome-wide association study(GWAS)and genomic prediction of resistance in testcross hybrids of 677 inbred lines from the Tuxpe?o and non-Tuxpe?o heterotic pools grown in three environments and genotyped with 200,681 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).Eighteen SNPs associated with stalk rot shared genomic regions with gene families previously associated with plant biotic and abiotic responses.More favorable SNP haplotypes traced to tropical than to temperate progenitors of the inbred lines.Incorporating genotype-by-environment(G×E)interaction increased genomic prediction accuracy.

基于G-COWA的地铁车站深基坑施工风险评价

随着城市化进程的不断推进,地铁工程建设成为中心城市缓解交通压力的主要手段。随着基坑深度的不断增加,地铁施工的风险也随之增加,基于此文章构建深基坑施工风险评价模型,对地铁车站基坑施工安全做出评价,从而明确深基坑施工各环节施工风险等级。首先,结合具体的工程实例和深基坑施工特点,建立基于“人员、管理、技术、材料、环境”5个要素的评价指标体系;其次,将灰类分析与模糊综合评判相结合,构建基于G-COWA的深基坑施工风险评价模型,有效解决不确定性问题;最后,将该模型应用于厦门地铁6号线漳州(角美)延伸段角海路站深基坑工程实例,确定其施工风险等级为“中等”,验证该评价模型的可行性、合理性。相关研究可为类似深基坑工程施工风险评价提供参考和借鉴。

离心机G载荷作用下肌电变化对G-LOC预警的有效性研究

目的:研究离心机G载荷作用下肌电变化对于持续加速度引起的意识丧失(G-induced loss of consciousness,G-LOC)预警的有效性和可行性。方法:首先,参照2条件分析法,选取7名受试者进行高G训练和推拉训练。其次,对高G训练模式下和推拉效应下受试者发生G-LOC前后不同部位的肌电变化特征进行分析。最后,对同一名受试者临近2次载荷作用下的肌电特征参数综合绝对值(integrated absolute value,IAV)和波形长度(waveform length,WL)的变化进行研究。结果:所有受试者G-LOC前后的肌电波形呈现出不对称,且肌电波形不规则。在高G训练模式下,腓肠肌处的肌电特征参数变化比胫骨前肌处的肌电特征参数变化对于G-LOC预警更具有价值;在推拉效应下,肌电特征参数变化不明显,对于G-LOC预警效果不佳。同一名受试者在临近2次载荷作用下的肌电特征参数IAV和WL也呈现出特征性变化。结论:对于G-LOC预警,腓肠肌处的肌电变化比胫骨前肌处的肌电变化更有效;2条件分析法对高G训练模式下的G-LOC预警有效,但对推拉效应作用下的G-LOC预警效果不明显;对比同一名受试者在临近2次载荷作用下的肌电特征参数变化也能实现G-LOC预警。