A Comparison of the Character,Target and Content of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language and the Chinese Courses at Primary School

This article examines the opinion that teaching Chinese as a foreign language(TCFL)is equivalent to teaching Chinese at primary school by analyzing the differences between the character,target and content of the two courses and reasons for their differences to provide theories and practical support for a more reasonable and effective teaching.

A Comparative Study of the Usage of Vague Expressions in English and Chinese Cosmetic Advertisements

Vagueness is one of the basic characteristic of natural language. Vague language is employed widely in advertising language. In this research cosmetic advertisements in Chinese and English magazines are selected and analyzed. The results show that in Chinese and English cosmetic advertisements vague adjectives are the most frequently adopted, and that vague nouns and verbs are employed greatly. Comparatives, superlatives, hedges, numerals, quantifiers and pronouns are also used in advertisements.

A Linguistic Analysis of Humorous Discourses between the English and Mandarin Language

The paper is divided into Five Chapters,aiming to explain the humorous effect in our daily discourse in the perspective of linguistic analysis.It is another new discovery.Two languages have their own distinct features.When translating,we will find a lot of humorous effect created by these language differences.The analysis of the topic is undergoing through term definition and case study.The paper might be of some help to further the humorous research in literature,art,academic circles or daily conversations.More methods of analysis,at the same time,are appreciated.

Multiple Comparisons of Traditional Acupuncture Therapies of Japan, Korea and China—A Preliminary Report of Three Countries’ Acupuncture (TCA) Project

Acupuncture therapy had established in China and it distributed among Asian countries and developed in each country as traditional medicine. In this project we compared the procedures and effects of traditional acupuncture therapies in China, Korea and Japan by using 10 healthy young male volunteers with written informed consent. Total white cell counts, leukocyte subsets and noradrenalin contents were used as outcomes. Three well trained traditional acupuncture therapists were chosen and they treated the same subjects at random order with intervals of at least two months. Each acupuncturist made his diagnosis and points selection for potentiate vital conditions. Clearly different procedures and point selections were used among three traditional acupuncture therapies on the same subject and the obtained changes of outcome measures also differed. Although variations of data were quite large, these results clearly demonstrated that acupuncture therapies have developed among three countries in unique manner.

＂Chinese Character- Chinese Language＂ the Regional Linguistic System. Developing Process and Current Situation

Linguistic civilization orientation is a necessity for all eras,with which the motivation,viable model and pragmatic hypothesis of the language can be formed."Chinese character— Chinese language"takes on different cultures in different regions, embodying the integration of language and civilization. As a result, in order to analyze linguistics, it is necessary for us to compare the Chinese language at home and abroad, and it is the linguistic construction based on the public. The modern Chinese language inherits the cultural connotation of the Chinese linguistics and answers the regional hypothesis and establishes the new linguistic system for the Chinese language in different regions.

Study on Paths of Affect Factors on Adaption to University Life of Chinese International Students in Korea —Choosing Korean Training Chinese Students as Main Investigation Objects

The purpose of this paper is to study effect factors of adaptation to university life of Chinese International Students in Korea. 374 Korean language trainees are chosen as investigation objects by means of random cluster sampling. Questionnaire data are collected by using the survey form and then paths of effect factors on adaption to university life of Korean training Chinese students in Korea are analyzed. The results indicate that Korean language proficiency, physical symptoms, loneliness, self-efficacy, acculturation stress are direct effect factors on Chinese students adapting to university life in Korea. Besides, Korean language proficiency, physical symptoms, loneliness are not only direct effect factors on self-efficacy and acculturation stress but also indirect effect factors on Chinese students adapting to university life in Korea. In order to improve ability of Korean training Chinese students adapting to university life in Korea, Korean language proficiency and self-efficacy should be improved. And, some effective interventions should be given to reducing physical symptoms, loneliness and acculturation stress.

“大语法”关照下汉外词汇比较

汉语“大语法”超越主谓结构,以对话为基础,以对言格式为主干。韵律和词汇都是大语法的有机组成部分。词汇的汉外比较有利于真切认识汉语的词汇特色和构造运作之道。与英语相比较,逻辑要素在汉语里的习惯表达倾向于成对的语词,这一比较更能揭示汉语大语法“对言对思”的特性。“语义的不确定性”是语言的正常特性,符合语言交际和语言演化的一般规律。从词汇意义和语法意义的“不确定性”出发,确立汉语词汇和语法共同的“名动包含”的格局,这就开启了把名词和动词视为“对等项”的可能,为汉语大语法超越主谓结构创造了学理条件。确立汉语“名动包含”格局还有助于我们从汉语出发反观印欧语,从而加深人们对人类语言本质的认识。

汉字词进入朝鲜语的适应性

朝鲜语在与汉语的长期接触中吸收了大量借词,形成了今日的汉字词。朝鲜语中,汉字词的使用十分常见,尤其是在一些专业领域。汉字词在朝鲜语中的适应性很强。汉字词之所以能够适应朝鲜语语言环境实现本语化,与其生存发展的生态环境及自身特性有密切关联。在朝鲜语的发展过程中,汉字词的使用有两次大爆发,第一次是约7~15世纪统一新罗时期至朝鲜王朝前期,第二次是1876~1910年开化时期,这两个时期为汉字词的快速发展提供了良好的生存土壤。汉字词的特性有四:一是表达精细、容易理解;二是构词能力强、能产性高;三是竞争力强;四是影响力大,甚至可以影响到语法体系。

从《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》看全球中文教育字词等级分布——以中国、马来西亚、新加坡和欧洲为例

本文通过将中国、马来西亚、新加坡和欧洲的四类字词标准与《等级标准》进行对比,发现,若以“三圈”为基准,字词总量由内圈向外围递减,而与《等级标准》的重合程度则由内圈向外围递增,这是由内圈的母语文教育过渡到中圈的华文教育(类母语教育),再到外圈的汉语作为第二语言/外语教育的特点所决定的,也从另一个角度证明《等级标准》的定位是准确的、科学的。对比结果不仅揭示了四地字词标准各自的特点,也给我们带来了反思与启示。

《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准词汇表》与《台湾华语文能力基准词表》比较研究

内地《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准词表》与《台湾华语文能力基准词表》共有词约73%,差异词约27%。选词的情境类属有差异。情境主题下,共有词跨等交错分布,主要为日常生活类词语;情境主题外的独有词可据其典型特征分为“双方同类”和“单方独类”两种类型。独有词差异与两岸不同收词原则相关,词频在独有词增减整合中发挥重要作用。两岸词表存在融通趋势。

近十年国内虚拟位移现象研究述评

国内语言学界对于虚拟位移现象的研究,从一开始的跨语言对比研究到近几年不断兴起的汉语本体研究和认知研究,有了较大发展。近十年国内虚拟位移现象的研究主题涉及汉语虚拟位移判定、概念要素特征和编码形式描写、汉语虚拟位移语体性质以及不同视角的认知阐释研究等,但汉语虚拟位移判定的基础性问题尚未厘清,且多以书面语为主。今后需拓展虚拟位移现象的研究视野和领域,推进跨学科交叉研究。

江苏与香港地区中文教师教育课程比较研究——以南京师范大学与香港教育大学为例

教师教育课程是教师教育的核心要素,江苏与香港地区两地拥有共同的中文语用及文化传统,具有开展中文教师教育课程比较研究的天然基础。分别以南京师范大学与香港教育大学为例,比较两地中文教师教育课程的整体结构以及公共基础课程、学科专业课程、教育类课程与选修课程等课程类别的特点及异同。发现在课程结构上,江苏高校强调学科性,香港地区高校凸显师范性;公共基础课程中,江苏高校注重思政性,香港地区高校尤重通识性;学科专业课程中,江苏高校重视系统性,香港地区高校侧重导论性;教育类课程中,江苏高校取径标准化,香港地区高校彰显专业性;选修课程中,江苏高校规整严密,香港地区高校自由多元。由此提出可供我国中文教师教育课程进一步优化改进的启示,即加强各门各类中文教师教育课程的横纵双维耦合性、凸显课程“培养未来语文教师”的特性、强化课程“理论实践互嵌”的全实践性、探索促进师范生个体性PCK生成的专门实体性课程。

中韩公示语互译研究动态分析

公示语是指用于公共场所、机构或组织内部的文字表达,通常使用简洁明了的文字、图标或符号来传达信息。该文以中国期刊网(CNKI)和韩国论文网站(RISS)为统计源,以“公示语”为关键词,搜索相关研究文献进行分类归纳与整理,从而掌握目前中韩公示语互译研究现状。借助可视化软件CiteSpace和EXCEL等,采用文献整理法、对比研究法、统计分析法等方法,该文对中韩公示语互译研究的时间发展趋势、发刊机构、关键词、研究主题等方面进行系统分析,指出中韩公示语翻译研究发展现状,即中韩公示语互译研究存在文献较少、发展时间晚、研究对象相对单一等问题,并针对这些问题提出相应的对策,旨在为今后中韩公示语翻译研究提供新的思路。

词汇类型学视域下上古汉语“重”的语义演变

参考莫斯科词汇类型学研究小组(MLexT)的跨语言调查成果,采用其提出的“重(HEAVY)”语义场的框架和参数,对上古汉语中“重”的语义发展进行了深入分析。研究发现:在先秦时期,“重”的基础义参数分别为“描述客观属性”和“积极义/中性的视觉感受”。到了西汉时期,随着“强调身体感受”这一新参数的加入,“重”新衍生出表示“(工作、任务)困难复杂”的消极引申义。“重”也因此经历了从仅编码客观性状到同时编码客观性状和主观性状的演变过程。这一研究不仅丰富了对上古汉语“重”字语义发展的理解,也为汉语词汇语义演变研究提供了新的视角。

汉韩典型性话语标记语语用功能对比研究——以提请注意式话语标记语为例

某种语言形式从一般属性,经过语法化过程,在原本意义基础上增添了其程序上的意义,具有了话语标记语的功能。典型性话语标记语的语法化程度较高,与其原本意义相比,各话语标记语的程序意义占主导地位。因此所属不同语系的汉韩两语典型性话语标记语的表现形式差异显著。拟以提请注意式话语标记语为例,依据关联理论从语言认知学的角度对汉韩典型性话语标记语的语用功能进行跨语言对比分析,考察其相似性与差异性。弥补学界从大类型视角对话语标记语跨语言研究的不足,加深对典型性话语标记语的认知,以期对语言教学和习得研究有所裨益。

俄汉观念词“снег/雪”的语言文化对比研究

该文采用语料收集、观念分析及对比归纳等方法,对俄汉观念词“снег/雪”的词源、词典释义进行深入的对比研究,以中俄语料库及习语、俗语为基础,对“снег/雪”的隐形文化语义、象征意义进行梳理与分析,探究其所反映出的文化内涵和特点。通过对“снег/雪”的文化内涵的全面分析,得出结论,“снег”更侧重于实际现象,情感表达更偏向于中性,而“雪”更侧重于象征意义,更偏向于积极或消极的意义,且语义范围更广,含有多种词性。这展现出两民族情感态度、民族心智、认知方式的异同,为跨语言和文化交际提供参考,为编撰语言文化辞典提供支持,并为开展外语教学提供辅助。

同课异构视域下小学语文名师执教理念比较研究——以课文《普罗米修斯》教学为例

通过选取贾志敏、王崧舟、虞大明三位小学语文名师执教《普罗米修斯》的课堂实录,赏读并对比三位名师教学内容选择的精确、教学方法运用的巧妙和教师执教理念的创新,以期为当前单元视角下基础篇目的教学设计提供新思路,促进专业素质的成长与发展。

汉法感叹标记词的对比研究

不管是在汉语还是在法语中,感叹句历来不被语言学家们所重视,很大一部分原因是感叹句本身很难界定,再加上其形式上的复杂多样性,使得感叹句的研究更为零碎,有很多方面亟待进一步挖掘。在已知的感叹句研究中,不难找到从跨语言比较研究角度的分析,尤其是汉英感叹句研究,然而从汉法对比角度进行的研究尚属空白。汉法感叹句对比不仅可以开阔学术视野,还可以为相关教学工作提供理论支持。在此背景下,立足于书面语中的典型感叹句,该文从研究背景、采取的理论和方法、汉法感叹标记词的对比及存在差异的成因等方面对汉法感叹句的特点进行对比分析。

Semantic Features of Kinship Terminology in Modern Chinese Language

The article describes semantic features of kinship terminology in modern Chinese language. To make a more complete analysis, the article compares the semantics of kinship terminology in Kazakh, Russian, English and Chinese languages, which belong to various language groups.

高校韩国语教学中中国文化认同的培养策略

针对韩国语学习者存在中国文化缺失和中国文化认同意识淡薄的现象,将高校韩国语教学和培养学习者中国文化认同的教育结合在一起,探索以韩国语语言文化教学为例的中国文化认同培养的有效教学方法,从而将增强当代大学生的中国文化认同感和文化自信。在韩国语教学中有效渗透中国文化认同教育是具有一定的现实意义。以韩国语的称呼语和指称语、敬语法、俗语、具有象征意义的词语、韩国语四字成语等语言文化内容为基础进行对比教学,可以培养出学生对中国儒家文化、中国传统服饰及饮食文化、中国“红色文化”和中国元素、中国语言文字及词源说等的认同感,以便于他们更好地传承和弘扬中华民族的优秀文化。