Comparison between American and Chinese Cultures Based on Theories of Cultural Dimensions

This paper focuses on studying the cultural differences between China and America on the basis of the cultural dimensions presented by Hofstede,Hall,Trompenaars and Tunner,in order to raise the cultural awareness when people are interacting in these two super countries of the world.A new scale of cultural dimensions include individualism/collectivism,power distance,low/high context,and diffuse/specific.

The Comparison of Chinese and American Address Forms

This paper contributes to the debate about the Chinese and American address forms in order to help us to improve thecommunication between the two nations.It takes the comparison of the Characters of Chinese and American Address Forms as itsstarting point.It then analyzes the main factors(the influence from the culture's power orientation and the philosophical factor)which make the great differences between Chinese and American address forms.It applies the communicative function of Chineseand American address forms as well.

A Comparative Study of Differences between Chinese and American Family Educational Approaches

Education is not only a science but an art. During the children's entire education, school education is in a dominant position but family education plays a key role. Children's growth needs education, help, and guide from parents. With the development of Chinese society and economy, the importance of family education of children grows more and more significant. But because of cultural traditions, lifestyle, social customs, ideas and sense of heritage, family education in China is still a weak part. The traditional concept of family education is being challenged. And many parents lack understanding of physiological and psychological development of the children during their growth, and lack proper education and effective methods to face the different stages of children's development. Consequently, parents tend to miss crucial educational opportunities. With different history, culture and social economic conditions between China and America, the formations of family education are producing a huge impact. American high level of culture and education also determines the United States the world leader in science and technology. The US has not only advanced school education but advanced family education, and their advanced educational concepts and teaching approaches are in line so that we can learn from American family education in a lot of places.Through questionnaire investigation and contrastive analysis, this thesis studies the differences between Chinese and American family educational approaches by three main aspects of intellectual education, moral and physical education, and life education. Firstly, this thesis discusses the reasons on the historical and cultural backgrounds and social conditions. Then this thesis describes the specific performance including the different status and contents, the comparison of parenting methods. In the end, this thesis has a brief summary of advantages and disadvantages of Chinese and American family educational approaches. This thesis tries to briefly describes and compares the intellectual education, moral and physical education and life education. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is in order to improve the quality of our family education. By studying the differences of family educational style between China and America, we do not mean to belittle our Chinese family education but is a kind of reflection. Absorbing American family education's advantages and removing the disadvantages of our family education style as well as keep our Chinese traditional merits of family education could make a benign circulation of healthy personnel training in our country. Thus, we could gain a competitive advantage in the future competition and gradually adapt to the world trend of the future.

Chinese and Americans-an Intercultural Comparison

This year, I got an opportunity to teach Chinese Culture to some American students for three months. During this process, I had observed many cultural differences between Chinese and Americans. And how to understand the definition of culture was quite far away between us. But one point we all agreed upon was that immersion in the culture of another country can lead to increased appreciation for one’s own.

The Comparison between Chinese Farmer and American Farmer

With international trades become more and more popular, cultural conflicts and shocks appeared in our life more and more frequently. We have to begin to pay attention to the differences of a lot of aspects and professions in different cultures. Because agriculture and farmer are the basis of every country, it is necessary to compare them in different culture and different nations. Except being industrious, hardy and brave, what differences there are between them? And how to treat these differences correctly are becoming especially serious and necessary.

Teaching in Different Cultures:Comparison of Teacher Education Programs between China and the U.S.

In recent years,teacher education,as an important part of educational issues,has attracted governments'attention in the world and made some achievements.Chinese people often say that education is the hope for the revitalization of the nation,and teacher education is the hope for the revitalization of education.Thus,teacher education plays an important role in the devel opment of the whole nation.This essay aims to find out the respective advantages and disadvantages of the teacher education pro grams in China and the America,through the comparison of their specific characteristics.It will also explore what the Chinese teacher education system can benefit from the successful experiences of that in the U.S.

A Comparative Analysis of Different Culture Values Reflected in the Disney Movie Mulan

Taking American Disney Movie Mulan as an object of research, this paper intends to compare Chinese and American cultural differences from three aspects, filial piety vs. individualism, family priority vs. the pursuit of success and gender discrimination vs. feminism.

浅析中美钢结构规范设计

在全球化的背景下,工程公司积极拓展海外业务,对国际钢结构设计规范的研究日益重要。特别是美国规范,因其广泛认可性,成为提升企业国际竞争力的关键。通过对设计方法、受弯构件的计算以及实际案例的详细分析和对比,可以更好地理解两国规范的异同,从而为工程实践提供指导。在进行中美规范的比较分析时,发现在相同的荷载条件和材料强度下,根据美国规范计算出的受弯构件尺寸往往稍小于中国规范的结果。此研究不仅可以提升企业在海外市场的竞争力,还有助于推动我国钢结构设计水平提升,促进建筑行业的持续发展。

从《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》看全球中文教育字词等级分布——以中国、马来西亚、新加坡和欧洲为例

本文通过将中国、马来西亚、新加坡和欧洲的四类字词标准与《等级标准》进行对比,发现,若以“三圈”为基准,字词总量由内圈向外围递减,而与《等级标准》的重合程度则由内圈向外围递增,这是由内圈的母语文教育过渡到中圈的华文教育(类母语教育),再到外圈的汉语作为第二语言/外语教育的特点所决定的,也从另一个角度证明《等级标准》的定位是准确的、科学的。对比结果不仅揭示了四地字词标准各自的特点,也给我们带来了反思与启示。

重力式码头结构设计中国标准与欧洲标准的差异探讨

本文结合喀麦隆克里比深水港二期项目,为了使业主接受中国标准,顺利完成设计报批,针对码头主体结构设计采用中国标准和欧洲标准进行了对比分析,最终中国标准得到了业主和咨询工程师的认可。现就重力式码头结构设计中国标准与欧洲标准对比进行简单总结,以工程实例向国际市场证明中国标准的可行性及可信度,为推行中国标准提供借鉴。

中、欧标准斜坡式防波堤设计对比分析

随着海外工程项目的逐渐增多,经常会遇到需要采用国外标准进行设计的情况。在港口工程中,除了码头结构,防波堤伴随着对主体码头进行掩护的结构功能,也是经常遇到的设计内容。斜坡堤是常用的防波堤结构形式,具有结构简单,施工方便,可以就地取材等优点。欧洲标准与中国标准关于防波堤结构设计的构造要求,计算参数选取,具体计算方法等均有所区别。以实际工程为例通过欧标与国标的计算结果差异对比,使专业技术人员对采用欧洲标准有较直观的认识,便于对境外工程此类项目内容较准确的把控。

阿育吠陀国际化、标准化现状及与中医药的比较

阿育吠陀是印度有代表性的传统医学,近年其国际化及标准化发展迅速,与中医药学的交集日益增多,但是国内相关研究很少。通过分析印度政府、世界卫生组织(WHO)和国际标准化组织(ISO)相关文件,从与WHO合作、被其他国家认可、政府间国际平台推广及国际研究教育合作方面分析阿育吠陀在国际社会的推广应用情况,并从标准发布机构入手分析其国内标准化情况,同时与中医药在WHO和ISO国际标准化情况进行比较,为中医药学的相关领域发展提供参考与借鉴。

解决芯片技术卡脖子的问题,应从高中物理教学抓起——基于中美高中物理教材中“固态电子学”知识的比较

中美贸易摩擦背景下,芯片技术卡脖子问题引发了教育界对科技创新人才培养的思考。本文从“卡脖子”问题出发,分析比较了中、美高中物理主流教科书中有关“固态电子学”相关知识的分布情况、主要内容和学习要求的差异情况。分析结果表明:中国高中物理教材中涉及的“固态电子学”知识主要以科普应用为主,整体分布较为零散,要求掌握程度较低;而美国高中物理教材中所涉及的“固态电子学”知识则包含更多与能带理论和半导体物理相关的理论知识,有利于为学生未来学习“固态电子学”、从事芯片研发行业打下一定基础。基于此,建议高中物理教材编写增加部分固体物理基础理论知识,建议师范院校人才培养应将“固体物理”设为必修课程。

跨文化视角下中美饮食文化比较探究

在世界多极化及全球一体化深入发展的背景下,更多的中国人到美国学习、就业、出差、旅游,他们无时无刻都会接触到美国的饮食文化。并且,随着中国经济的高速增长与社会的不断进步,越来越多的美国人也到中国生活、学习与就业,他们在中国生活,自然也会接触到中国的饮食文化。每到一个新的国家,不管是美国人,还是中国人,都会深切地感受到不同国家的文化差异,这种文化差异往往相互冲突、碰撞。之所以会产生饮食文化差异,主要是因为中国与美国不同的地理环境导致的,两国出产的农畜产品各不相同,正是因为中国和美国不同的饮食历史,导致两国存在不同的餐桌礼仪和餐具,这些都是跨文化视角下中美饮食文化差异的表现形式。该文从跨文化角度阐述,比较探究中美饮食文化的不同点,同时立足于传统思想文化分析产生文化差异的原因,希望能为相关研究提供参考。

沙特吉达保障房项目结构分析与BIM应用

沙特吉达保障房项目采用装配整体式剪力墙结构,按照美国规范及沙特规范对本项目进行结构计算和结构设计。运用ETABS软件对结构进行建模分析,并对比了美国规范与中国规范要求的差异。按美国规范对装配式建筑的要求进行了结构拆分、构件设计。采用BIM技术进行深化设计和碰撞检查。预制墙体的水平连接采用钢丝绳套灌浆连接,竖向连接采用波纹管浆锚连接。本项目虽然装配率高于75%,但安装方便、施工周期短、成本与现浇基本持平,值得借鉴推广。

基于UPLC指纹图谱的西洋参饮片、标准汤剂、配方颗粒的质量相关性研究

为了实现西洋参配方颗粒全生产过程的质量控制,采用超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)对其饮片、标准汤剂和配方颗粒的指纹图谱和量质传递进行了相关性研究。采用UPLC法测定18批西洋参饮片、标准汤剂、3批配方颗粒的指纹图谱、人参皂苷Rg_(1),Re,Rb_(1)总量,以K值和各已知成分的转移率作为量值传递的评价指标,结合相似度评价法研究三者的相关性。结果表明:西洋参饮片、标准汤剂、配方颗粒指纹图谱均呈现8个共有特征峰,并指认出5个成分,三者的指纹图谱与相应对照指纹图谱及三者对照指纹图谱的相似度均大于0.95,人参皂苷Rg_(1),Re,Rb_(1)的转移率及K值趋势一致,量值传递稳定。西洋参饮片、标准汤剂、配方颗粒的化学成分基本一致,三者具有良好的相关性。研究所得可对西洋参配方颗粒的质量标准研究提供实验及理论支持,并为后续以标准汤剂为基准的配方颗粒或经典方制剂质量控制提供了参考依据。

中、美、欧标准立式储罐地基沉降计算及沉降允许值研究

沉降计算是油气田地面工程中立式储罐基础设计的重要内容,海外油气田地面工程中业主大多要求采用美国或欧洲标准设计,土建工程师需要了解不同标准的规定和要求。地基沉降首先计算储罐荷载作用下的附加应力,中、美、欧标准均采用Boussinesq方程来计算圆形面积均布荷载作用下地基土附加应力分布。中、美、欧标准储罐基础地基沉降计算公式存在差异,所需要的地基土参数不同,整体倾斜、储罐周边不均匀沉降、储罐中心与储罐周边沉降差是中、美、欧标准关注的三项沉降允许值指标。中、美有适用于新建罐的标准GB 50473—2008和PIP STE03020—2005,欧洲仅有适用于已建罐的标准EEMUAPUB 159—2017,已建罐的沉降允许值是新建罐的2倍以上。建议当采用EEMUAPUB 159—2017作为新建储罐基础沉降的判定标准时,将其允许值乘以系数0.5。

家具用铰链国内外标准比对分析

本文通过对家具用铰链国内标准与欧洲先进标准进行比对分析,找出国内产品的品质优势与不足,旨在为我国家具用铰链产品的标准制修订、相关企业生产贸易、行业的进一步转型升级等提供参考。通过比对得出,国内现行行业标准除强度要求稍低外,耐久性和耐腐蚀性能均严于欧洲标准,团体标准和地方标准在特色项目和绿色低碳生产上更具优势。

门式刚架房屋主要抗风体系中美标准风荷载计算对比

门式刚架房屋是油田地面工程中最常用厂房形式,其对风荷载比较敏感。国外项目通常要求采用美国标准计算风荷载,为了更好地理解两国标准的差异,对中国标准GB 51022—2015《门式刚架轻型房屋钢结构技术规范》和美国标准ASCE 7—16《Minimum Design Loads for buildings and other Structures》基本风速的定义、重现期、时距、不同重现期、时距风速的转换、设计风压的计算、荷载工况和表面分区进行对比分析。以位于伊拉克米桑省的一个长48 m、宽18 m、高6 m的维修间为例,计算了美国标准和中国标准的设计风压比,结果显示,总体上ASCE 7—16风压更高,墙面风压比值稳定在1.35~1.4之间,屋面风压比值范围较大,不存在比例关系,但ASCE 7—05与GB 51022—2015设计风压比存在比例关系,约为1.35。

中美欧建筑钢结构常用钢材替换对比分析

详尽对比了施工中常用的国标Q235,Q345钢材,美标ASTM A36(M),ASTM A572(M)钢材,欧标EN10025—2004中S275JR,S355JR钢材在化学成分、屈服强度、抗拉强度、延伸率和冷弯性能等方面的差异。结合工程实例进行了对比分析,给出了中、美、欧建筑钢材的替换原则和质量保证措施,使国内设计和施工技术人员更充分了解美标、欧标钢材的特性及相关规范,以便适应国外施工及验收要求,并为国标钢材代替美标、欧标钢材提供了技术支持。