A Comparison study of First and Second Language Acquisition

More focuses of foreign language teaching theory and practice are on the study of first language and second language acquisition. The article deals with the concept of first and second language acquisition, the relationship between them and the factors influencing on them. The characteristics of the children acquisition and adult acquisition are also studied.

A Comparison Study of Tropical Pacific Ocean State Estimation:Low-Resolution Assimilation vs.High-Resolution Simulation

A comparison study is performed to contrast the improvements in the tropical Pacific oceanic state of a low-resolution model respectively via data assimilation and by an increase in horizontal resolution. A low resolution model (LR) (1°lat by 2°lon) and a high-resolution model (HR) (0.5°lat by 0.5°lon) are employed for the comparison. The authors perform 20-yr numerical experiments and analyze the annual mean fields of temperature and salinity. The results indicate that the low-resolution model with data assimilation behaves better than the high-resolution model in the estimation of ocean large-scale features. From 1990 to 2000, the average of HR's RMSE (root-mean-square error) relative to independent Tropical Atmosphere Ocean project (TAO) mooring data at randomly selected points is 0.97℃ compared to a RMSE of 0.56℃ for LR with temperature assimilation. Moreover, the LR with data assimilation is more frugal in computation. Although there is room to improve the high-resolution model, the low-resolution model with data assimilation may be an advisable choice in achieving a more realistic large-scale state of the ocean at the limited level of information provided by the current observational system.

A comparison study of two Tricept units for reconfigurable parallel kinematic machines

This paper presents a comparison study of workspace and dexterity of two Tricept units for Reconfigurable Parallel Kinematic Machines （RPKMs）. The modular leg of RPKMs is designed and the RPKMs can be built by changing tile setting of modules. A compositive kinematic model is developed accordingly. The inverse kinematics and Jacobian of these two Trieept units are analyzed. Considering workspaee volume and dexterity, the effeets of geometric size of some modules on the two Trieept units are discussed. In the end, comparison results of these two Tricept units are. given. The eomparison of two kinds of Parallel Kinematic Machines （PKMs） can be of help in the design and configuration planning of the RPKMs.

On the Subjectivity of the Translator in Literary Translation-A Comparative Study of Two Chinese Versions of The Story of an Hour

The Story of an Hour was published in 1894 and it is the best one in Chopin's short stories.Translation versions of The Story of an Hour by Shen Dan,Jin Li and Zhang Qiang are analysed and compared in this paper in order to show that the subjectivity of the translators is very important and has great influence on the translation version.

A Model Comparison Study of Fragment Production in 140 A MeV 58,64Ni+9Be Reactions

The cross sections of fragments produced in the 140 A MeV58,64Ni＋9 Be projectile fragmentation reactions are calculated by using the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics （AMD） model, the modified statistical abrasion- ablation （SAA） model, and the empirical EPAX2/EPAX3 formulae. The Gogny-gO interaction is taken as the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction in the AMD calculation, and the decays of fragments obtained from the AMD results are calculated by using the GEMINI code. The calculated cross sections of fragments are compared.

The Effect of a Liquid Cover on the Thermal Performance of a Salinity Gradient Solar Pond:An Experimental Study

SalinityGradient Solar Ponds(SGSPs)offer the potential to capture and store solar energy for use in a range of domestic and industrial activities in regions with high solar insolation.However,the evaporation of water from these ponds is a significant problem that must be overcome for them to be deployed successfully.Thus,two ponds were constructed in the city of Nasiriya,Iraq.The two ponds were cylindrical with a diameter of 1.4 m and a total depth of 1.4 m.The water body in the two ponds was constructed with layer depths of 0.5,0.75 and 0.1 m for the lower convective zone(LCZ),non-convective zone(NCZ)and the upper convective zone(UCZ)respectively.One of the two ponds was covered with a thin liquid paraffin layer(0.5 cm)to eliminate evaporation from the surface of the UCZ.The behavior of the standard SGSP and that of the covered pond with evaporation suppressed can be straightforwardly compared.The experimental units were run for six months from 1st of February to 31st of July 2019.It was shown in the first instance that by covering the pond with a thin layer of paraffin,that evaporation could be suppressed.The results showed that for the conventional SGSP,the temperature of the LCZ reached a maximum of ca.76℃ while in the covered pond the temperature of the LCZ was consistently lower than that in the uncovered pond by approximately 5-6℃.The results also indicated that the temperature of the UCZ in the covered pond was higher than that in the uncovered pond by about 10℃ in the second half of the study period.However,it was noted that on rainy days the paraffin layer was swept away from the surface;and this could hinder the implementation of thin liquid cover in the large SGSP.

Study of Polymer Blends with Sub-cluster Theory Part 2 Comparison of PVC/ABS, PVC/SBS Blends

Series of PVC/ABS and PVC/SBS blends of composition 20/ 80. 40/ 60, 60 / 40 and 80 / 20were prepared in a screw extruder. The phase morphology, miscibility and rheological behaviour of two systems were investigated. The viscosity-composition plots were represented by sub-cluster equation, the various differences between two systems are interpreted with the equation parameters

DIFFERENTIAL QUADRATURE METHOD FOR BENDING OF ORTHOTROPIC PLATES WITH FINITE DEFORMATION AND TRANSVERSE SHEAR EFFECTS

Based on the Reddy's theory of plates with the effect of higher-order shear deformations, the governing equations for bending of orthotropic plates with finite deformations were established. The differential quadrature (DQ) method of nonlinear analysis to the problem was presented. New DQ approach, presented by Wang and Bert (DQWB), is extended to handle the multiple boundary conditions of plates. The techniques were also further extended to simplify nonlinear computations. The numerical convergence and comparison of solutions were studied. The results show that the DQ method presented is very reliable and valid. Moreover, the influences of geometric and material parameters as well as the transverse shear deformations on nonlinear bending were investigated. Numerical results show the influence of the shear deformation on the static bending of orthotropic moderately thick plate is significant.

A novel symmetrical 3-DOF PKM and its performance comparison with 3-PRS PKM

A novel symmetrical 3-degree-of-freedom(DOF) parallel kinematic manipulator(PKM) is firstly presented,which is named 3-P(Qu) RU.According to the structure feature,a double closed loop vector method is proposed to investigate this PKM.Based on this method,kinematic,velocity and error models of this manipulator are established respectively.Since3-PRS PKM has been applied successfully in practice and its structure is similar to the 3-P(Qu) RU PKM,corresponding models of a 3-PRS PKM are given and a performance comparison study between them is investigated on workspace,manipulator dexterity,position error and error sensitivity.The comparison results reveal that the 3-P(Qu) RU PKM has the advantage on velocity performance and the disadvantage on accuracy performance.This novel 3-P(Qu) RU PKM is an available selection for a tool head of a hybrid machine tool and the analysis is greatly helpful for the further applications of this manipulator.

A comparison study of the simulation accuracy between WRF and MM5 in simulating local atmospheric circulations over Greater Beijing

Several multi-scale numerical simulation experiments were carried out using the mesoscale modeling systems MM5V3.7 and WRFV2.2 for Greater Beijing to estimate the accuracy of WRF and MM5 in simulating the characteristics and variations of mesoscale local circulation in the atmospheric boundary layer of this area. We simulated the horizontal distribution and diurnal variations of temperature and wind fields near the ground and compared them with Automatic Weather System (AWS) data collected from 19 AWS stations in Beijing. Correlation and error analyses were also made. The modeling and statistical results showed that both WRF and MM5 model the temperature field near the ground significantly better than they model the wind field. The temperature field simulated by MM5 is more coincident than that of WRF with the AWS observation records, while WRF does better than MM5 in simulating the wind field, especially under the condition of gusty wind. Neither WRF nor MM5 can capture the fine structure of urban architectural complexity, which is the main error in the wind field simulation. Both models underestimate the land surface temperature at night and overestimate the temperature during the day. All the above results are supported by statistical analysis.

Multinational Companies'Hedging Effectiveness of Foreign Exchange Risk:A Quantitative Comparison Study

To investigate hedging effectiveness of multinational companies in respect of using currency derivatives,the author adapts an innovative and multi layers GJR-GARCH-based model.This model broke down the currency risk faced by MNCs in each business area and added six control variables other than foreign sales ratio,all these variables have been proved to be related to MNCs'currency risk exposure but was not included into previous models.Moreover,this model absorbs advantages of several models built in previous studies and combines them into a whole,intact model.This paper also employed a wide research scope,using a sample of 48 non-financial and 28 financial firms headquartered in USA.Also,comparison between financial and non-financial firms is an innovation of our research.According to the result,hedging of non-financial companies in respect of currency risk is ineffective,and financial companies are more likely using currency derivatives to speculate.

Comparative Study on Two Methods for Calculating the Gravitational Potential of a Prism

The determination of the gravitational potential of a prism plays an important role in physical geodesy and geophysics. However, there are few literatures that provide accurate approaches for determining the gravitational potential of a prism. Discrete element method can be used to determine the gravitational potential of a prism, and can approximate the true gravitational potential values with sufficient accuracy (the smaller each element is, the more accurate the result is). Although Nagy's approach provided a closed expression, one does not know whether it is valid, due to the fact that this approach has not been confirmed in literatures. In this paper, a study on the comparison of Nagy's approach with discrete element method is presented. The results show that Nagy's formulas for determining the gravitational potential of a prism are valid in the domain both inside and outside the prism.

A prospective comparison cohort study between baseline serum uric acid level and coronary artery disease in first-degree relatives and non-first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes males

Objective To investigate the relationship between baseline serum uric acid and the severity of coronary artery disease(CAD)in the first-degree relatives or nonfirst-degree relatives of men with type 2 diabetes.Methods Three hundred and eighty-one men with negative coronary angiography for the first time were divided into diabetes and non-diabetes groups and followed-up for

Analysis and comparison of three leg models for bionic locust robot based on landing buffering performance

Good landing buffering performance can reduce impact and vibration for the bionic locust jumping robot; thus, a landing buffer is important in evaluating the motion performance of the bionic locust robot. In particular, the legs of the robot are the main structures that realize the buffer; thus, its structure affects buffering performance. Three typical leg structure models are established based on the physiological analysis of the locust leg and research status, namely, bionic leg, multi-constraint leg, and arc legs. Kinematic and force analyses are conducted for these types of legs. Particularly, flexible deformation of leg link is considered in the analysis to describe the movement process accurately. In order to compare the buffering performance of these types of legs quantitatively, the performance indices with maximum buffering distance, the energy absorption capability, and the mechanical property are presented. Based on the performance indices, the structure parameters are analyzed and optimized. The buffering performance of the three leg structures is compared with the comprehensive performance of different structures in each best state. This study offers a quantitative analysis and comparison for different legs of bionic locust jumping robot based on landing buffering performance. Furthermore, a theoretical basis for future research and engineering applications is established.

Analysis and Comparison of Two Jumping Leg Models for Bioinspired Locust Robot

Bionic jumping robot can cross the obstacles by jumping, and it has a good application prospect in the unstructured com- plex environment. The less Degree of Freedom （DOF） jumping leg, which has the characteristics of simple control and high rigidity, and is very important in research. Based on the experimental observation of leg physiological structure and take-off process of locust, two 1 DOF jumping leg models, which includes four-bar jumping leg model and slider-crank jumping leg model, are established, and multi objective optimization is conducted to deduce the motion law of two 1 DOF jumping leg models and jumping leg of locust is closer. Then the jumping performance evaluation indices are proposed, which include the mechanical property, body attitude, jumping distance and jumping performances of the two jumping leg models environmental effect. According to these evaluation indices, the are analyzed and compared, and the simulation is conducted for further explanations. The analysis results show that the four-bar jumping leg has smaller structural size and its motion law is closer to the hindleg of locust. The slider-crank jumping leg has better mechanical property, stronger energy storage capacity and the rough ground has less effect on it. This study offers a quantitative analysis and comparison for different jumping leg models of bionic locust jumping robot. Furthermore, a theoretical basis for future research and engineering application is established.