An efficient congestion control approach should gain weighted fairness and also robustness against external disturbances.Moreover,variations in the number of active sources cause a network to operate as a switched sys...An efficient congestion control approach should gain weighted fairness and also robustness against external disturbances.Moreover,variations in the number of active sources cause a network to operate as a switched system in which the initial values affect the transient response.The main contribution of this article is to design a rate-based adaptive robust queue management contemplating the initial value compensation(IVC).The congestion is avoided via Two-Degree-of-Freedom Internal Model Control protocol as a robust procedure.The utilisation factors are designated according to the delay of each source(weighted fairness)in which the sources will use the maximum value of the bottleneck capacity(maximum utilisation).On the other hand,the number of the users is determined adaptively and effects of non-zero initial values are eliminated through a protocol called IVC.Simulation results through Network Simulator 2 and Simulink software confirm the analytical results and the efficacy of the proposed method.展开更多
Urban green land compensation plays an impor-tant role in county development,ecological environment management and many other fields.The concept,methods and principles of urban green land are introduced in this paper....Urban green land compensation plays an impor-tant role in county development,ecological environment management and many other fields.The concept,methods and principles of urban green land are introduced in this paper.According to the pay fee method,the value and ecological function of various types of urban green land were analyzed.The cost-benefit analysis method(CBAM)was used to estimate different external diseconomy benefits caused by green land loss.The authors applied CBAM to estimate such benefits in the case of Shanghai,China,and calculated the actual compensation value for green land.Results indicated that in 2002,the compensation value for the green land of Shanghai was RMB 8.58×10^(5) Yuan/hm^(2).展开更多
文摘An efficient congestion control approach should gain weighted fairness and also robustness against external disturbances.Moreover,variations in the number of active sources cause a network to operate as a switched system in which the initial values affect the transient response.The main contribution of this article is to design a rate-based adaptive robust queue management contemplating the initial value compensation(IVC).The congestion is avoided via Two-Degree-of-Freedom Internal Model Control protocol as a robust procedure.The utilisation factors are designated according to the delay of each source(weighted fairness)in which the sources will use the maximum value of the bottleneck capacity(maximum utilisation).On the other hand,the number of the users is determined adaptively and effects of non-zero initial values are eliminated through a protocol called IVC.Simulation results through Network Simulator 2 and Simulink software confirm the analytical results and the efficacy of the proposed method.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50579003).
文摘Urban green land compensation plays an impor-tant role in county development,ecological environment management and many other fields.The concept,methods and principles of urban green land are introduced in this paper.According to the pay fee method,the value and ecological function of various types of urban green land were analyzed.The cost-benefit analysis method(CBAM)was used to estimate different external diseconomy benefits caused by green land loss.The authors applied CBAM to estimate such benefits in the case of Shanghai,China,and calculated the actual compensation value for green land.Results indicated that in 2002,the compensation value for the green land of Shanghai was RMB 8.58×10^(5) Yuan/hm^(2).
