With the reform booming in teaching fields,the author carried out Graded English teaching in her teaching classroom and achieved favorable efficiency.In this paper,the author mainly discusses the specific grading of e...With the reform booming in teaching fields,the author carried out Graded English teaching in her teaching classroom and achieved favorable efficiency.In this paper,the author mainly discusses the specific grading of exercise after class in implementing graded teaching,taking for example Section A,Unit 6(Go for it! SB for Grade Eight,Volume A,by People's Education Press and Thomson Learning,2004,2nded).展开更多
With the reform booming in teaching fields,the author carried out Graded English teaching in her teaching classroom and achieved favorable efficiency.In this paper,the author mainly discusses the specific grading of t...With the reform booming in teaching fields,the author carried out Graded English teaching in her teaching classroom and achieved favorable efficiency.In this paper,the author mainly discusses the specific grading of teaching objectives in implementing graded teaching.展开更多
Purpose:To evaluate the effect of competency-based management in improving nurse and patient satisfaction.Methods:According to the competency-based management objectives and principles,821 nurses were classified into ...Purpose:To evaluate the effect of competency-based management in improving nurse and patient satisfaction.Methods:According to the competency-based management objectives and principles,821 nurses were classified into different levels based on clear nurse qualifications and post responsibilities.According to the different levels of nursing staff and training plans with different emphases,the goal was for the nursing staff to gradually achieve the corresponding level.Targeted training programs for different levels of nurses were formulated to enable nurses to gradually increase their competency levels.Results:After implementation of competency-based management,nurse job satisfaction and patient satisfaction increased significantly(P<0.01).Additionally,the reported nurse job burnout decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:Competency-based management can promote nurses’enthusiasm,reduce job burnout,improve job satisfaction,as well as improve patient satisfaction.展开更多
The SHIFT-G technology of inverse catalyst loading is used to optimize the catalyst grading in the residue hydrotreating unit. The results, taken from pilot tests and commercial units, have showed that the optimized c...The SHIFT-G technology of inverse catalyst loading is used to optimize the catalyst grading in the residue hydrotreating unit. The results, taken from pilot tests and commercial units, have showed that the optimized catalyst grading system can reasonably distribute the reaction load, effectively improve the prop- erties of hydrotreated products, prolong the operating cycle and promote economic benefits.展开更多
Object:To determine the extent and impact of upgrading and downgrading among men who underwent radical prostatectomy(RP)according to new grade groupings and to identify predictors of upgrading from biopsy grade Group ...Object:To determine the extent and impact of upgrading and downgrading among men who underwent radical prostatectomy(RP)according to new grade groupings and to identify predictors of upgrading from biopsy grade Group Ⅰ and Ⅱ,and downgrading to grade Group I,in a community setting.Methods:Study participants included 2279 men with non-metastatic prostate cancer diagnosed 2006-2015 who underwent prostatectomy,from the multi-institutional South Australia Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative registry.Extent of up-or down-grading was assessed by comparing biopsy and prostatectomy grade groupings.Risk of biochemical recurrence(BCR)with upgrading was assessed using multivariable competing risk regression.Binomial logistic regression was used to identify pre-treatment predictors of upgrading from grade Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,and risk group reclassification among men with low risk disease.Results:Upgrading occurred in 35%of cases,while downgrading occurred in 13%of cases.Sixty percent with grade Group I disease were upgraded following prostatectomy.Upgrading from grade Group I was associated with greater risk of BCR compared with concordant grading(Hazard ratio:3.1,95%confidence interval:1.7-6.0).Older age,higher prostate-specific antigen levels(PSA),fewer biopsy cores,higher number of positive cores and more recent diagnosis predicted upgrading from grade Group Ⅰ,while higher PSA and clinical stage predicted upgrading from grade Group Ⅱ.No clinical risk factors for reclassification were identified.Conclusion:Biopsy sampling errors may play an important role in upgrading from grade Group I.Improved clinical assessment of grade is needed to encourage greater uptake of active surveillance.展开更多
目的运用循证医学方法对腕踝针干预术后疼痛的疗效和安全性进行系统评价和Grade评价。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library中关于腕踝针干预术后疼痛的随...目的运用循证医学方法对腕踝针干预术后疼痛的疗效和安全性进行系统评价和Grade评价。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library中关于腕踝针干预术后疼痛的随机对照试验,检索时限为建库至2023年10月。采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果纳入23篇文献,共计1968例患者,Meta分析结果显示,与常规治疗相比,腕踝针能够提高术后疼痛患者的总有效率[OR=4.42,95%CI(2.60,7.50),P<0.001],术后镇痛泵药量使用减少[MD=-9.03,95%CI(-12.09,-5.98),P<0.001],术后疼痛评分降低[MD=-1.39,95%CI(-1.68,-1.09),P<0.001],可减少不良反应发生率[RR=0.40,95%CI(0.32,0.48),P<0.001]以及临床满意度[OR=3.94,95%CI(2.40,6.48),P<0.001]。Grade证据分级结果显示:总有效率、不良反应发生率和临床满意度3项结局指标为中等质量证据,VAS评分指标为低质量证据,镇痛泵药量使用指标为极低质量证据。结论腕踝针可提高总有效率,减少术后镇痛药用量,不良反应少,安全性高,为患者提供了一种安全有效的镇痛方式。展开更多
为了系统评价参芪扶正注射液联合常规治疗作为干预措施对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者的临床疗效和安全性。检索中国国家知识基础设施(China national knowledge infrastructure,CNKI)、PubMed、...为了系统评价参芪扶正注射液联合常规治疗作为干预措施对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者的临床疗效和安全性。检索中国国家知识基础设施(China national knowledge infrastructure,CNKI)、PubMed、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang Data)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(Weipu China science and technology journal database,VIP)等数据库,筛选并纳入2023年6月18日以前发表的参芪扶正注射液联合常规疗法治疗COPD患者的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trials,RCT),采用Cochrane风险评价工具及评估、发展和评价建议分级(grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation,GRADE)系统进行文献证据质量评价,用RevMan 5.4软件对临床疗效及安全性指标进行Meta分析。结果表明,共纳入16项RCTs,1 486例患者。Meta分析结果显示,参芪扶正注射液辅助治疗可提高患者总有效率和第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量比值(forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC)指标,与对照组相比具有优势(P<0.000 01、P<0.000 1);不良反应少,无严重不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADR),两组对比无统计学差异(P=0.32);GRADE评价结果显示,有效率及不良反应指标的证据质量均为中等级,肺功能为低等级。可见参芪扶正注射辅助治疗COPD可以提高患者临床疗效,改善肺功能,且具有良好的安全性。但所纳入研究具有局限性,证据质量不高,仍需结合中药辨证使用特点,规范实验方案,开展更多的高质量RCT研究。展开更多
目的系统评价补肾方剂改善高龄女性自然妊娠结局的临床疗效和安全性。方法检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、SinoMed、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase等数据库建库至2022年6月收录的补肾方剂改善高龄女性自然...目的系统评价补肾方剂改善高龄女性自然妊娠结局的临床疗效和安全性。方法检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、SinoMed、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase等数据库建库至2022年6月收录的补肾方剂改善高龄女性自然妊娠结局的随机对照研究(RCT)。运用偏倚风险工具进行质量评估,使用RevMan软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入14篇RCT。Meta分析结果显示:补肾方剂联合西药治疗在提高妊娠率[RR=1.71,95%CI(1.45,2.01),P<0.00001]、降低卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平[SMD=-1.63,95%CI(-2.84,-0.43),P=0.008]、提高雌二醇(E_(2))水平[SMD=3.97,95%CI(1.76,6.17),P=0.0004]、增加排卵期子宫内膜厚度[SMD=2.12,95%CI(1.07,3.18),P<0.0001]方面均优于西药组;且补肾方剂单独使用在提高妊娠率[RR=1.94,95%CI(1.31,2.88),P=0.001]、降低FSH水平[SMD=-0.48,95%CI(-0.74,-0.22),P=0.0003]方面也具有显著疗效。结论与西医治疗比较,补肾方剂可以显著改善高龄女性自然妊娠结局,且不良反应较少,但仍需更多高质量、大样本、多中心的RCT予以验证。展开更多
Introduction: The essential problems in providing quality and safety services to patients, rapid changes in health care settings as well as information technology require educational revision. Competency-based curricu...Introduction: The essential problems in providing quality and safety services to patients, rapid changes in health care settings as well as information technology require educational revision. Competency-based curriculum focuses on set of skills that students should achieve. This study reviewed characteristics of competency-based curriculum in psychiatric nursing. Methods: A literature review about a competency-based curriculum in psychiatric mental health nursing was carried out by searching databases including Iran Medex, Iran Doc, and Pub Med with key words such as competency-based education, competency-based curriculum, and competency-based curriculum in psychiatric mental health nursing. No time limitation was considered. Results: Results revealed that over 30 literatures have been done about nursing curriculum, but just several studies were done regarding competency-based curriculum and just a few about competency-based curriculum in psychiatric mental health nursing. Conclusion: Competency-based curriculum development is one of the essential steps to facilitate teaching-learning process. The revision of curriculum may decrease theory-practice gap and pave the way for graduates to have essential competences for their roles.展开更多
It is important to transform knowledge-based learning to competency-based learning.This paper describes the exploration and practice of“programming and algorithm foundation”curriculum reform for competency-based lea...It is important to transform knowledge-based learning to competency-based learning.This paper describes the exploration and practice of“programming and algorithm foundation”curriculum reform for competency-based learning.In order to cultivate students’ability of high-level program development,the intelligent learning system of“MOOC/SPOC+icoding online experiment and programming ability test Platform+Rain Classroom”is established.In the case of limited class hours,we make full use of online resources to build a student-centered method to internalize knowledge and ability.We guide students to complete the basic knowledge module of MOOC or SPOC,and complete the programming experiment on icoding platform.According to the feedback of learning outcome,teachers use offline classroom and rain classroom to sort out the key and difficult points,expanding the depth and breadth of the curriculum,and stimulate students’enthusiasm to participate in the curriculum.展开更多
目的:评价温针灸治疗原发性痛经的有效性和安全性。方法:根据PRISMA指南进行系统综述和荟萃分析。收集PubMed、Web of Science、EMBASE、Cochrane Library、中国知网、维普、万方、中国生物医学数据库自建库至2023年5月的随机对照试验...目的:评价温针灸治疗原发性痛经的有效性和安全性。方法:根据PRISMA指南进行系统综述和荟萃分析。收集PubMed、Web of Science、EMBASE、Cochrane Library、中国知网、维普、万方、中国生物医学数据库自建库至2023年5月的随机对照试验。使用Review Manager 5.4对所有获得的数据进行分析。结果:温针灸治疗原发性痛经在提高临床疗效{风险比(RR)=1.21,95%置信区间(CI)[1.16,1.25],P<0.00001},改善阻力指数(RI){均数差(MD)=-0.14,95%CI[-0.19,-0.08],P<0.00001}、搏动指数(PI)(MD=-0.55,95%CI[-0.69,-0.40],P<0.00001)、β-内啡肽(β-EP){标准化均数差(SMD)=1.36,95%CI[0.90,1.82],P<0.00001}、痛经证候积分(MD=-1.82,95%CI[-2.77,-0.87],P=0.0002)、疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分(MD=-1.16,95%CI[-1.48,-0.83],P<0.00001)方面的作用优于单独的常规治疗,并且在不良反应发生率(P=0.01)方面低于对照组。证据质量等级评价结果显示临床疗效为中级,其他多为低级。结论:温针灸治疗原发性痛经的疗效明确,并且具有一定的安全性。展开更多
BACKGROUND The optimal approach for managing hepatic hemangioma is controversial.AIM To evaluate a clinical grading system for management of hepatic hemangioma based on our 17-year of single institution experience.MET...BACKGROUND The optimal approach for managing hepatic hemangioma is controversial.AIM To evaluate a clinical grading system for management of hepatic hemangioma based on our 17-year of single institution experience.METHODS A clinical grading system was retrospectively applied to 1171 patients with hepatic hemangioma from January 2002 to December 2018.Patients were classified into four groups based on the clinical grading system and treatment:(1)Observation group with score<4(Obs score<4);(2)Surgical group with score<4(Sur score<4);(3)Observation group with score≥4(Obs score≥4);and(4)Surgical group with score≥4(Sur score≥4).The clinico-pathological index and outcomes were evaluated.RESULTS There were significantly fewer symptomatic patients in surgical groups(Sur score≥4 vs Obs score≥4,P<0.001;Sur score<4 vs Obs score<4,χ^(2)=8.60,P=0.004;Sur score≥4 vs Obs score<4,P<0.001).The patients in Sur score≥4 had a lower rate of in need for intervention and total patients with adverse event than in Obs score≥4(P<0.001;P<0.001).Nevertheless,there was no significant difference in need for intervention and total patients with adverse event between the Sur score<4 and Obs score<4(P>0.05;χ^(2)=1.68,P>0.05).CONCLUSION This clinical grading system appeared as a practical tool for hepatic hemangioma.Surgery can be suggested for patients with a score≥4.For those with<4,follow-up should be proposed.展开更多
An increasing number of graded readers thus come out for pedagogical purposes. However, the reliability of text-grading for graded readers remains questionable. Whether they show linguistic difference across levels ne...An increasing number of graded readers thus come out for pedagogical purposes. However, the reliability of text-grading for graded readers remains questionable. Whether they show linguistic difference across levels needs further research given a shifted emphasis on multidimensional features. The study used Co-Metrix to give an assessment on graded readers’text-grading both under unidimensional and multidimensional indices, providing a testimony to publishers’original design and to the feasibility against the new trend. It indicated that across-grade difference only partly corresponded with publishers’text-grading rationale that focused on surface features. But it made no sense in linguistics at a deeper level since no overall difference was found. Therefore, the reassessment and design of graded readers were suggested to take account of multidimensional features for across-grade difference.展开更多
文摘With the reform booming in teaching fields,the author carried out Graded English teaching in her teaching classroom and achieved favorable efficiency.In this paper,the author mainly discusses the specific grading of exercise after class in implementing graded teaching,taking for example Section A,Unit 6(Go for it! SB for Grade Eight,Volume A,by People's Education Press and Thomson Learning,2004,2nded).
文摘With the reform booming in teaching fields,the author carried out Graded English teaching in her teaching classroom and achieved favorable efficiency.In this paper,the author mainly discusses the specific grading of teaching objectives in implementing graded teaching.
基金funded by a grant from the Liaocheng Science and Technology Development Plans(No.2012-193).
文摘Purpose:To evaluate the effect of competency-based management in improving nurse and patient satisfaction.Methods:According to the competency-based management objectives and principles,821 nurses were classified into different levels based on clear nurse qualifications and post responsibilities.According to the different levels of nursing staff and training plans with different emphases,the goal was for the nursing staff to gradually achieve the corresponding level.Targeted training programs for different levels of nurses were formulated to enable nurses to gradually increase their competency levels.Results:After implementation of competency-based management,nurse job satisfaction and patient satisfaction increased significantly(P<0.01).Additionally,the reported nurse job burnout decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:Competency-based management can promote nurses’enthusiasm,reduce job burnout,improve job satisfaction,as well as improve patient satisfaction.
文摘The SHIFT-G technology of inverse catalyst loading is used to optimize the catalyst grading in the residue hydrotreating unit. The results, taken from pilot tests and commercial units, have showed that the optimized catalyst grading system can reasonably distribute the reaction load, effectively improve the prop- erties of hydrotreated products, prolong the operating cycle and promote economic benefits.
基金This project was funded by the Movember Foundation as part of their Australian and New Zealand prostate cancer outcomes registry initiative(PCOR-ANZ)which aims to develop a binational clinical registry for outcomes monitoring and research to inform practice and improve outcomes for men with prostate cancer.Dr.Beckmann is supported by an NHMRC Early Career Researcher Fellowship.
文摘Object:To determine the extent and impact of upgrading and downgrading among men who underwent radical prostatectomy(RP)according to new grade groupings and to identify predictors of upgrading from biopsy grade Group Ⅰ and Ⅱ,and downgrading to grade Group I,in a community setting.Methods:Study participants included 2279 men with non-metastatic prostate cancer diagnosed 2006-2015 who underwent prostatectomy,from the multi-institutional South Australia Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative registry.Extent of up-or down-grading was assessed by comparing biopsy and prostatectomy grade groupings.Risk of biochemical recurrence(BCR)with upgrading was assessed using multivariable competing risk regression.Binomial logistic regression was used to identify pre-treatment predictors of upgrading from grade Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,and risk group reclassification among men with low risk disease.Results:Upgrading occurred in 35%of cases,while downgrading occurred in 13%of cases.Sixty percent with grade Group I disease were upgraded following prostatectomy.Upgrading from grade Group I was associated with greater risk of BCR compared with concordant grading(Hazard ratio:3.1,95%confidence interval:1.7-6.0).Older age,higher prostate-specific antigen levels(PSA),fewer biopsy cores,higher number of positive cores and more recent diagnosis predicted upgrading from grade Group Ⅰ,while higher PSA and clinical stage predicted upgrading from grade Group Ⅱ.No clinical risk factors for reclassification were identified.Conclusion:Biopsy sampling errors may play an important role in upgrading from grade Group I.Improved clinical assessment of grade is needed to encourage greater uptake of active surveillance.
文摘目的运用循证医学方法对腕踝针干预术后疼痛的疗效和安全性进行系统评价和Grade评价。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library中关于腕踝针干预术后疼痛的随机对照试验,检索时限为建库至2023年10月。采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果纳入23篇文献,共计1968例患者,Meta分析结果显示,与常规治疗相比,腕踝针能够提高术后疼痛患者的总有效率[OR=4.42,95%CI(2.60,7.50),P<0.001],术后镇痛泵药量使用减少[MD=-9.03,95%CI(-12.09,-5.98),P<0.001],术后疼痛评分降低[MD=-1.39,95%CI(-1.68,-1.09),P<0.001],可减少不良反应发生率[RR=0.40,95%CI(0.32,0.48),P<0.001]以及临床满意度[OR=3.94,95%CI(2.40,6.48),P<0.001]。Grade证据分级结果显示:总有效率、不良反应发生率和临床满意度3项结局指标为中等质量证据,VAS评分指标为低质量证据,镇痛泵药量使用指标为极低质量证据。结论腕踝针可提高总有效率,减少术后镇痛药用量,不良反应少,安全性高,为患者提供了一种安全有效的镇痛方式。
文摘为了系统评价参芪扶正注射液联合常规治疗作为干预措施对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者的临床疗效和安全性。检索中国国家知识基础设施(China national knowledge infrastructure,CNKI)、PubMed、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang Data)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(Weipu China science and technology journal database,VIP)等数据库,筛选并纳入2023年6月18日以前发表的参芪扶正注射液联合常规疗法治疗COPD患者的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trials,RCT),采用Cochrane风险评价工具及评估、发展和评价建议分级(grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation,GRADE)系统进行文献证据质量评价,用RevMan 5.4软件对临床疗效及安全性指标进行Meta分析。结果表明,共纳入16项RCTs,1 486例患者。Meta分析结果显示,参芪扶正注射液辅助治疗可提高患者总有效率和第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量比值(forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC)指标,与对照组相比具有优势(P<0.000 01、P<0.000 1);不良反应少,无严重不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADR),两组对比无统计学差异(P=0.32);GRADE评价结果显示,有效率及不良反应指标的证据质量均为中等级,肺功能为低等级。可见参芪扶正注射辅助治疗COPD可以提高患者临床疗效,改善肺功能,且具有良好的安全性。但所纳入研究具有局限性,证据质量不高,仍需结合中药辨证使用特点,规范实验方案,开展更多的高质量RCT研究。
文摘目的系统评价补肾方剂改善高龄女性自然妊娠结局的临床疗效和安全性。方法检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、SinoMed、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase等数据库建库至2022年6月收录的补肾方剂改善高龄女性自然妊娠结局的随机对照研究(RCT)。运用偏倚风险工具进行质量评估,使用RevMan软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入14篇RCT。Meta分析结果显示:补肾方剂联合西药治疗在提高妊娠率[RR=1.71,95%CI(1.45,2.01),P<0.00001]、降低卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平[SMD=-1.63,95%CI(-2.84,-0.43),P=0.008]、提高雌二醇(E_(2))水平[SMD=3.97,95%CI(1.76,6.17),P=0.0004]、增加排卵期子宫内膜厚度[SMD=2.12,95%CI(1.07,3.18),P<0.0001]方面均优于西药组;且补肾方剂单独使用在提高妊娠率[RR=1.94,95%CI(1.31,2.88),P=0.001]、降低FSH水平[SMD=-0.48,95%CI(-0.74,-0.22),P=0.0003]方面也具有显著疗效。结论与西医治疗比较,补肾方剂可以显著改善高龄女性自然妊娠结局,且不良反应较少,但仍需更多高质量、大样本、多中心的RCT予以验证。
文摘Introduction: The essential problems in providing quality and safety services to patients, rapid changes in health care settings as well as information technology require educational revision. Competency-based curriculum focuses on set of skills that students should achieve. This study reviewed characteristics of competency-based curriculum in psychiatric nursing. Methods: A literature review about a competency-based curriculum in psychiatric mental health nursing was carried out by searching databases including Iran Medex, Iran Doc, and Pub Med with key words such as competency-based education, competency-based curriculum, and competency-based curriculum in psychiatric mental health nursing. No time limitation was considered. Results: Results revealed that over 30 literatures have been done about nursing curriculum, but just several studies were done regarding competency-based curriculum and just a few about competency-based curriculum in psychiatric mental health nursing. Conclusion: Competency-based curriculum development is one of the essential steps to facilitate teaching-learning process. The revision of curriculum may decrease theory-practice gap and pave the way for graduates to have essential competences for their roles.
基金This work is supported by Online and Offline Hybrid Curriculum Reform Project of UESTC in 2020 under Grant 2020HHKC0029by Project Based Curriculum for Freshmen of UESTC in 2020 under Grant 2020PBLF044by Online and Offline Hybrid Teaching Reform Project of CMOOC in 2019 under Grant B190201.
文摘It is important to transform knowledge-based learning to competency-based learning.This paper describes the exploration and practice of“programming and algorithm foundation”curriculum reform for competency-based learning.In order to cultivate students’ability of high-level program development,the intelligent learning system of“MOOC/SPOC+icoding online experiment and programming ability test Platform+Rain Classroom”is established.In the case of limited class hours,we make full use of online resources to build a student-centered method to internalize knowledge and ability.We guide students to complete the basic knowledge module of MOOC or SPOC,and complete the programming experiment on icoding platform.According to the feedback of learning outcome,teachers use offline classroom and rain classroom to sort out the key and difficult points,expanding the depth and breadth of the curriculum,and stimulate students’enthusiasm to participate in the curriculum.
文摘BACKGROUND The optimal approach for managing hepatic hemangioma is controversial.AIM To evaluate a clinical grading system for management of hepatic hemangioma based on our 17-year of single institution experience.METHODS A clinical grading system was retrospectively applied to 1171 patients with hepatic hemangioma from January 2002 to December 2018.Patients were classified into four groups based on the clinical grading system and treatment:(1)Observation group with score<4(Obs score<4);(2)Surgical group with score<4(Sur score<4);(3)Observation group with score≥4(Obs score≥4);and(4)Surgical group with score≥4(Sur score≥4).The clinico-pathological index and outcomes were evaluated.RESULTS There were significantly fewer symptomatic patients in surgical groups(Sur score≥4 vs Obs score≥4,P<0.001;Sur score<4 vs Obs score<4,χ^(2)=8.60,P=0.004;Sur score≥4 vs Obs score<4,P<0.001).The patients in Sur score≥4 had a lower rate of in need for intervention and total patients with adverse event than in Obs score≥4(P<0.001;P<0.001).Nevertheless,there was no significant difference in need for intervention and total patients with adverse event between the Sur score<4 and Obs score<4(P>0.05;χ^(2)=1.68,P>0.05).CONCLUSION This clinical grading system appeared as a practical tool for hepatic hemangioma.Surgery can be suggested for patients with a score≥4.For those with<4,follow-up should be proposed.
文摘An increasing number of graded readers thus come out for pedagogical purposes. However, the reliability of text-grading for graded readers remains questionable. Whether they show linguistic difference across levels needs further research given a shifted emphasis on multidimensional features. The study used Co-Metrix to give an assessment on graded readers’text-grading both under unidimensional and multidimensional indices, providing a testimony to publishers’original design and to the feasibility against the new trend. It indicated that across-grade difference only partly corresponded with publishers’text-grading rationale that focused on surface features. But it made no sense in linguistics at a deeper level since no overall difference was found. Therefore, the reassessment and design of graded readers were suggested to take account of multidimensional features for across-grade difference.