Based on the monitoring data of cloud-to-ground( CG) lightning positioning network and Doppler weather radar as well as MICAPS1°× 1° objective analysis field,a squall line process outside of the subtrop...Based on the monitoring data of cloud-to-ground( CG) lightning positioning network and Doppler weather radar as well as MICAPS1°× 1° objective analysis field,a squall line process outside of the subtropical high in low-latitude plateau on May 7,2010 was analyzed. The results showed that wind direction shear between low and high levels and low-level convergence zones provided favorable circulation background for the strong thunderstorm process,while high energy and high humidity,strong thermal instability and ascending motion at low and middle levels offered beneficial environmental conditions for the formation of the thunderstorm. 9 620 return strokes of cloud-to-ground lightning were monitored by the lightning positioning network,and cloud-to-ground lightning was distributed like bands between 584 and 586 hP a. The occurrence of cloud-to-ground lightning was mainly related to echo top and echo intensity at-10 ℃ stratification height,and it mainly appeared in zones where echo top height was larger than 13 km and echo intensity at-10 ℃ stratification height was 35-40 dB Z. Wind convergence and maintaining of high radial velocity were favorable for the development of convective echoes and occurrence of cloud-to-ground lightning.展开更多
利用湖北省闪电定位系统监测资料与武汉市多普勒天气雷达资料同步叠加,对2010年4月12日湖北省东南部地区一次强对流过程的两个致灾雹暴单体进行分析。结果表明:雹暴生消的不同阶段,正地闪和负地闪频数及在雷达回波中的分布呈不同的变化...利用湖北省闪电定位系统监测资料与武汉市多普勒天气雷达资料同步叠加,对2010年4月12日湖北省东南部地区一次强对流过程的两个致灾雹暴单体进行分析。结果表明:雹暴生消的不同阶段,正地闪和负地闪频数及在雷达回波中的分布呈不同的变化特征,通过地闪频次和地闪在雷达回波中位置的变化可以识别雹暴生命史演变的不同阶段。雹暴Ⅰ产生小冰雹,是一个普通对流单体,闪电以负地闪为主,闪电频率最大为15次·(6 min)-1;正地闪落在风暴发展和消亡阶段,负地闪主要落在35—55 d Bz强回波边缘,零星正地闪分布在强回波周围层状云中,雹暴移动路径前侧的负地闪对雹暴移动有一定的指示意义。雹暴Ⅱ是一个典型超级单体,产生直径超过3 cm的大冰雹,闪电频率最大为44次·(6 min)-1,风暴成熟阶段正地闪活跃,16—17时正地闪频繁出现时间与大冰雹持续时间一致;负地闪与25—55 d Bz强回波区域吻合较好,正地闪分布在强回波30—55 d Bz中心及层状云边缘。对比地闪频数和雹暴成熟阶段的回波强度可以发现,降雹均出现在风暴的成熟阶段,小冰雹发生时地闪频数下降幅度较小,大冰雹发生时地闪频数下降幅度较大,且正地闪比例明显增大。展开更多
通过对比分析2008年北京及其周边地区SAFIR(Surveillance et Alerte Foudre par Interferometrie Radiometrique)和ADTD(Advanced TOA and Direction system)两套闪电定位系统观测的地闪资料,结果显示:SAFIR系统探测的正地闪次数、负地...通过对比分析2008年北京及其周边地区SAFIR(Surveillance et Alerte Foudre par Interferometrie Radiometrique)和ADTD(Advanced TOA and Direction system)两套闪电定位系统观测的地闪资料,结果显示:SAFIR系统探测的正地闪次数、负地闪次数均比ADTD系统偏少,但二者探测到正地闪和负地闪的日变化、月变化特征基本一致。SAFIR系统探测的正地闪百分比ADTD高。SAFIR系统的地闪高值区主要在偏南部,而ADTD系统的正地闪电流强度高值区流高值区主要在偏北部,地闪低值区分布基本一致。SAFIR系统探测的正地闪、负地闪电流强度小于ADTD系统的观测值,前者探测的正地闪电流强度日分布中整体比后者小约25 k A,负地闪电流强度日分布则小约10 k A。二者观测的电流强度日变化、月变化变化特征基本一致。ADTD负地闪电流累积概率分布整体和IEEE工作组给出范围较为接近。SAFIR系统探测的正地闪电流强度高值区空间分布较集中,而ADTD系统的空间分布相对较均匀分散。整体而言,两者探测的闪电时间分布特征较为接近,而闪电次数和强度分布特征有差别,对于出现差别的原因有待进一步研究。展开更多
利用NCEP/NCAR资料以及气象卫星和闪电定位系统等探测资料对2010年3种中尺度对流雷暴系统进行分析。结果表明：MCS频繁地闪对应着TBB≤-52℃,但其低中心及其梯度大值区和地闪频数空间分布不同,MCS具有后侧对流发展型、中间对流发展型、...利用NCEP/NCAR资料以及气象卫星和闪电定位系统等探测资料对2010年3种中尺度对流雷暴系统进行分析。结果表明：MCS频繁地闪对应着TBB≤-52℃,但其低中心及其梯度大值区和地闪频数空间分布不同,MCS具有后侧对流发展型、中间对流发展型、前侧对流发展型等三种特征;北方低槽切变配合南方倒槽、高层偏北气流叠加在低层偏南气流上的垂直风场结构、深厚的减弱台风低压倒槽为MCS提供有利环流背景,而近地面800 h Pa中尺度辐合线是诱发MCS的直接影响系统,且对流和地闪易于在偏南暖湿气流或风辐合一侧发展;500 h Pa以下水平风辐合及高低层间垂直风切变和垂直风辐合导致强烈上升运动,低层上升气流和高层下沉气流的有利配合及稳定次级垂直环流保障上升气流的维持,为MCS发展提供抬升动力机制;高层强大偏东风和垂直风切变导致对流区在MCS后侧,高层偏东风速小于承载层导致对流区出现在MCS前侧,而弱的风或弱的垂直风切变则导致地闪发生在MCS中部对流区;低层大气温度高于周围大气和650~750 h Pa高湿层的存在为MCS发展提供足够热力不稳定条件和充沛水汽条件。展开更多
基于新疆2013—2016年地闪定位监测资料,对新疆的地闪活动特征进行统计分析。结果表明:新疆地闪以负地闪为主,占地闪总数的84.7%。年均正地闪所占比例为15.3%,高于内蒙古高原的9.6%。地闪密度总体值小于0.714次/(km^2·a),呈现出北...基于新疆2013—2016年地闪定位监测资料,对新疆的地闪活动特征进行统计分析。结果表明:新疆地闪以负地闪为主,占地闪总数的84.7%。年均正地闪所占比例为15.3%,高于内蒙古高原的9.6%。地闪密度总体值小于0.714次/(km^2·a),呈现出北疆大于南疆,西部地区大于东部地区,山区大于沙漠戈壁的形式;地闪年和日分布均成单峰型,年分布高发期在6—8月,日变化主要集中在14—20时;地闪强度百分率呈现单峰型分布,且负地闪的分布曲线与总地闪基本一致。正地闪出现频率在强度达到30~40 k A时出现峰值,为正地闪次数的16.5%;地闪雷电流强度全年变化幅度较小,均呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势。正地闪的平均雷电流强度达59.7 k A,为负地闪的1.8倍;上午的平均雷电流强度皆大于下午。展开更多
Data from the Beijing SAFIR 3000 lightning detection system and Doppler radar provided some insights into the three-dimensional lightning structure and evolution of a leading-line and trailing-stratiform （LLTS） meso...Data from the Beijing SAFIR 3000 lightning detection system and Doppler radar provided some insights into the three-dimensional lightning structure and evolution of a leading-line and trailing-stratiform （LLTS） mesoscale convective system （MCS） over Beijing on 31 July 2007. Most of the lightning in the LLTS-MCS was intracloud （IC） lightning, while the mean ratio of positive cloud-to-ground （＋CG） lightning to –CG lightning was 1：4, which was higher than the average value from previous studies. The majority of CG lightning occurred in the convective region of the radar echo, particularly at the leading edge of the front. Little IC lightning and little ＋CG lightning occurred in the stratiform region. The distribution of the CG lightning indicated that the storm had a tilted dipole structure given the wind shear or the tripole charge structure. During the storm’s development, most of the IC lightning occurred at an altitude of ～9.5 km; the lightning rate reached its maximum at 10.5 km, the altitude of IC lightning in the mature stage of the storm. When the thunderstorm began to dissipate, the altitude of the IC lightning decreased gradually. The spatial distribution of lightning was well correlated with the rainfall on the ground, although the peak value of rainfall appeared 75 min later than the peak lightning rate.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41305002)Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province(No.2014RA002,2016RA096)
文摘Based on the monitoring data of cloud-to-ground( CG) lightning positioning network and Doppler weather radar as well as MICAPS1°× 1° objective analysis field,a squall line process outside of the subtropical high in low-latitude plateau on May 7,2010 was analyzed. The results showed that wind direction shear between low and high levels and low-level convergence zones provided favorable circulation background for the strong thunderstorm process,while high energy and high humidity,strong thermal instability and ascending motion at low and middle levels offered beneficial environmental conditions for the formation of the thunderstorm. 9 620 return strokes of cloud-to-ground lightning were monitored by the lightning positioning network,and cloud-to-ground lightning was distributed like bands between 584 and 586 hP a. The occurrence of cloud-to-ground lightning was mainly related to echo top and echo intensity at-10 ℃ stratification height,and it mainly appeared in zones where echo top height was larger than 13 km and echo intensity at-10 ℃ stratification height was 35-40 dB Z. Wind convergence and maintaining of high radial velocity were favorable for the development of convective echoes and occurrence of cloud-to-ground lightning.
文摘利用湖北省闪电定位系统监测资料与武汉市多普勒天气雷达资料同步叠加,对2010年4月12日湖北省东南部地区一次强对流过程的两个致灾雹暴单体进行分析。结果表明:雹暴生消的不同阶段,正地闪和负地闪频数及在雷达回波中的分布呈不同的变化特征,通过地闪频次和地闪在雷达回波中位置的变化可以识别雹暴生命史演变的不同阶段。雹暴Ⅰ产生小冰雹,是一个普通对流单体,闪电以负地闪为主,闪电频率最大为15次·(6 min)-1;正地闪落在风暴发展和消亡阶段,负地闪主要落在35—55 d Bz强回波边缘,零星正地闪分布在强回波周围层状云中,雹暴移动路径前侧的负地闪对雹暴移动有一定的指示意义。雹暴Ⅱ是一个典型超级单体,产生直径超过3 cm的大冰雹,闪电频率最大为44次·(6 min)-1,风暴成熟阶段正地闪活跃,16—17时正地闪频繁出现时间与大冰雹持续时间一致;负地闪与25—55 d Bz强回波区域吻合较好,正地闪分布在强回波30—55 d Bz中心及层状云边缘。对比地闪频数和雹暴成熟阶段的回波强度可以发现,降雹均出现在风暴的成熟阶段,小冰雹发生时地闪频数下降幅度较小,大冰雹发生时地闪频数下降幅度较大,且正地闪比例明显增大。
文摘通过对比分析2008年北京及其周边地区SAFIR(Surveillance et Alerte Foudre par Interferometrie Radiometrique)和ADTD(Advanced TOA and Direction system)两套闪电定位系统观测的地闪资料,结果显示:SAFIR系统探测的正地闪次数、负地闪次数均比ADTD系统偏少,但二者探测到正地闪和负地闪的日变化、月变化特征基本一致。SAFIR系统探测的正地闪百分比ADTD高。SAFIR系统的地闪高值区主要在偏南部,而ADTD系统的正地闪电流强度高值区流高值区主要在偏北部,地闪低值区分布基本一致。SAFIR系统探测的正地闪、负地闪电流强度小于ADTD系统的观测值,前者探测的正地闪电流强度日分布中整体比后者小约25 k A,负地闪电流强度日分布则小约10 k A。二者观测的电流强度日变化、月变化变化特征基本一致。ADTD负地闪电流累积概率分布整体和IEEE工作组给出范围较为接近。SAFIR系统探测的正地闪电流强度高值区空间分布较集中,而ADTD系统的空间分布相对较均匀分散。整体而言,两者探测的闪电时间分布特征较为接近,而闪电次数和强度分布特征有差别,对于出现差别的原因有待进一步研究。
文摘利用NCEP/NCAR资料以及气象卫星和闪电定位系统等探测资料对2010年3种中尺度对流雷暴系统进行分析。结果表明：MCS频繁地闪对应着TBB≤-52℃,但其低中心及其梯度大值区和地闪频数空间分布不同,MCS具有后侧对流发展型、中间对流发展型、前侧对流发展型等三种特征;北方低槽切变配合南方倒槽、高层偏北气流叠加在低层偏南气流上的垂直风场结构、深厚的减弱台风低压倒槽为MCS提供有利环流背景,而近地面800 h Pa中尺度辐合线是诱发MCS的直接影响系统,且对流和地闪易于在偏南暖湿气流或风辐合一侧发展;500 h Pa以下水平风辐合及高低层间垂直风切变和垂直风辐合导致强烈上升运动,低层上升气流和高层下沉气流的有利配合及稳定次级垂直环流保障上升气流的维持,为MCS发展提供抬升动力机制;高层强大偏东风和垂直风切变导致对流区在MCS后侧,高层偏东风速小于承载层导致对流区出现在MCS前侧,而弱的风或弱的垂直风切变则导致地闪发生在MCS中部对流区;低层大气温度高于周围大气和650~750 h Pa高湿层的存在为MCS发展提供足够热力不稳定条件和充沛水汽条件。
文摘基于新疆2013—2016年地闪定位监测资料,对新疆的地闪活动特征进行统计分析。结果表明:新疆地闪以负地闪为主,占地闪总数的84.7%。年均正地闪所占比例为15.3%,高于内蒙古高原的9.6%。地闪密度总体值小于0.714次/(km^2·a),呈现出北疆大于南疆,西部地区大于东部地区,山区大于沙漠戈壁的形式;地闪年和日分布均成单峰型,年分布高发期在6—8月,日变化主要集中在14—20时;地闪强度百分率呈现单峰型分布,且负地闪的分布曲线与总地闪基本一致。正地闪出现频率在强度达到30~40 k A时出现峰值,为正地闪次数的16.5%;地闪雷电流强度全年变化幅度较小,均呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势。正地闪的平均雷电流强度达59.7 k A,为负地闪的1.8倍;上午的平均雷电流强度皆大于下午。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 40930949)Key Subject Project of Beijing Atmospheric Physics and Environment,the One Hundred Person Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Data from the Beijing SAFIR 3000 lightning detection system and Doppler radar provided some insights into the three-dimensional lightning structure and evolution of a leading-line and trailing-stratiform （LLTS） mesoscale convective system （MCS） over Beijing on 31 July 2007. Most of the lightning in the LLTS-MCS was intracloud （IC） lightning, while the mean ratio of positive cloud-to-ground （＋CG） lightning to –CG lightning was 1：4, which was higher than the average value from previous studies. The majority of CG lightning occurred in the convective region of the radar echo, particularly at the leading edge of the front. Little IC lightning and little ＋CG lightning occurred in the stratiform region. The distribution of the CG lightning indicated that the storm had a tilted dipole structure given the wind shear or the tripole charge structure. During the storm’s development, most of the IC lightning occurred at an altitude of ～9.5 km; the lightning rate reached its maximum at 10.5 km, the altitude of IC lightning in the mature stage of the storm. When the thunderstorm began to dissipate, the altitude of the IC lightning decreased gradually. The spatial distribution of lightning was well correlated with the rainfall on the ground, although the peak value of rainfall appeared 75 min later than the peak lightning rate.
