Seepage laws of two kinds of disastrous gas in complete stress-strain process of coal

The similarities and differences in seepage flow evolution laws of CH4 and CO2 during complete stress- strain process of samples were comparatively analyzed. The results show that the seepage flow evolution laws of CH4 and CO2 are extremely similar during the stress-strain process, showing that the character- istic first decreased and then increased. A mathematical model was also established according to the rela- tionship of seepage velocity and axial strain. However, due to the strong adsorption ability of CO2, the coal samples generated a more serious ''Klinkenberg effect'' under the condition of CO2. Owing to this, the CO2 seepage flow resulted into occurrence of ''stagnation'' phenomenon during the late linear elastic stage II. In the strain consolidation stage III, the increment rate of CH4 seepage velocity was significantly greater than that of CO2. In the stress descent stage IV, when the axial load reached the peak pressure of coal, the increment rates of CH4 seepage velocity presented a turning point. But the changing rate of CO2 seepage velocity still remained slow and a turning point was presented at one time after the peak of thestrain pressure, which showed an obvious feature of hysteresis.

The Complete Stress-strain Curve of Recycled Aggregate Concrete under Uniaxial Compression Loading

The mechanical performance of recycled aggregate concrete （RAC） is investigated. An experiment on the complete stress-strain curve under uniaxial compression loading of RAC is carried out. The experimental results indicate that the peak stress, peak strain, secant modulus of the peak point and original point increase with the strength grade of RAC enhanced. On the contrary, the residual stress of RAC decreases with the strength grade enhancing, and the failure of RAC is often broken at the interface between the recycled aggregate and the mortar matrix. Finally, the constitutive model of stress-strain model of RAC has been constituted, and the results from the constitutive model of stress-strain meet the experiment results very well.

Relations of complete creep processes and triaxial stress-strain curves of rock

Based on the results of triaxial compressive creep tests for five kinds of rock under the different stress loading,unloading and cycle-loading-unloading conditions,the creep deformation is not only a function of stress and time,but also it has the corresponding relations to the triaxial stress-strain curves of rock.The deformation properties of soften-strain,harden-strain and ideal plasticity presented by conventional triaxial compressive test curves under the different stress states were utilized,and the creep characteristics,the creep starting stress and the different entire creep process curves of rock were studied systematically according to creep experiment results,and the relations of the triaxial stress-strain curves to the creeping starting stress,the terminating curve,the different creep processes,and the different creep fracture properties were established.The relations presented in this paper were verified partially by the creep experiment results of five types of rock.

ANALYSIS OF THE LOCALIZATION OF DAMAGE AND THE COMPLETE STRESS-STRAIN RELATION FOR MESOSCOPIC HETEROGENEOUS BRITTLE ROCK SUBJECTED TO COMPRESSIVE LOADS

A micromechanics-based model is established. The model takes the interaction among sliding cracks into account, and it is able to quantify the effect of various parameters on the localization condition of damage and deformation for brittle rock subjected to compressive loads. The closed-form explicit expression for the complete stress-strain relation of rock containing microcracks subjected to compressive loads was obtained. It is showed that the complete stress-strain relation includes linear elasticity,nonlinear hardening,rapid stress drop and strain softening.The behavior of rapid stress drop and strain softening is due to localization of deformation and damage. Theoretical predictions have shown to be consistent with the experimental results.

ANALYSIS OF THE LOCALIZATION OF DAMAGE AND THE COMPLETE (STRESS-STRAIN) RELATION FOR MESOSCOPIC HETEROGENEOUS ROCK UNDER UNIAXIAL TENSILE LOADING

The mechanical behavior of rock under uniaxial tensile loading is different from that of rock under compressive loads. A micromechanics-based model was proposed for mesoscopic heterogeneous brittle rock undergoing irreversible changes of their microscopic structures due to microcrack growth. The complete stress-strain relation including linear elasticity, nonlinear hardening,rapid stress drop and strain softening was obtained. The influence of all microcracks with different sizes and orientations were introduced into the constitutive relation by using the probability density function describing the distribution of orientations and the probability density function describing the distribution of sizes. The influence of Weibull distribution describing the distribution of orientations and Rayleigh function describing the distribution of sizes on the constitutive relation were researched. Theoretical predictions have shown to be consistent with the experimental results.

Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae Strain NM2010, Which Was Isolated from a Sheep in China

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, a kind of mycoplasma bacteria, commonly infects the respiratory tract causing respiratory disease in sheep and goats worldwide. Here, the complete genome sequence of M. ovipneumoniae strain NM2010 isolated from a sheep in China was reported for the ifrst time.

Investigation of the torsional deformation of the complete upper denture: A pilot study

The aim of this research is to clarify whether the midline axis of the complete upper denture (CUD) is the axis of its torsion during loading, apart from the known bending deflection. Furthermore the present study is intended to estimate the influence of the anterior notches on the torsional deformation of the CUD. Using commercial edentulous molds and standardized procedures, six identical CUDs were fabricated with an initial fraenal notch of 5 mm. Two additional notch conditions were produced by deepening the notch to a total depth of 9 mm and by creating an incisal diastema of 7 mm. Five biaxial (also known as “fish bone”) strain gauges were cemented onto the palatal section of the dentures so that their middle axis coincided with the midline axis of the outer surface of the denture. For the denture specimen used in this study, the specific point of torsion was detected 2 cm from the point of contact of the two artificial central incisors. The presence of a deep fraenal notch and the combination of the deep fraenal notch with the presence of an incisal diastema increased the torsion of the CUD to a significant level (P = 0.006 and P = 0.05, respectively). It was shown that the midline can be the CUD’s axis of torsion. Biaxial strain gauges could be a reliable method of measuring the torsional deformation of the CUD.

Non-complete relief method for measuring surface stresses in surrounding rocks

The measurement of surface stresses in surrounding rocks with the use of a relief method of annular hole-drilling was studied by numerical analysis. The stress relief process by hole-drilling was then simulated with the use of finite element method. The influences of the borehole diameter(d), the initial stresses and the ratio of the initial principle stresses on the variations of the remained stress and the released stress in function of the relief depth(h) were discussed. The relation between the non-dimensional ratio of the released principle strains and that of the initial principle stresses, and the effect of the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the rock mass on the stress relief curves were studied. The results show that the stress relief behavior formulated with the non-dimensional ratio of the released stress and the ratio of h/d is only sensitive to the ratio of the initial principle stresses and the Poisson ratio. The stresses are completely released when h equals 1.6d, and the tensile stresses take place on the bore core surface in the relief measurement process. Finally, a non-complete relief method of annular hole-drilling for measuring surface stress in surrounding rocks is proposed and the procedure is presented.

Analysis of complete plasticity assumption for solid circular shaft under pure torsion and calculation of shear stress

The distribution of shear stress on the cross-section of plastic metal solid circular shaft under pure torsion yielding,the applicability of complete plastic model assumption and the shear stress formula were researched.Based on the shear stress formula of circular shaft under pure torsion in elastic stage,the formula of torque in elastic stage and the definition of yield,it is obtained that the yielding stage of plastic metal shaft under pure torsion is only a surface phenomenon of torque-torsion angle relationship,and the distribution of shear stress is essentially different from that of tensile stress when yielding under uniaxial tension.The pure torsion platform-torsion angle and the shape of torque-torsion angle curve cannot change the distribution of shear stress on the shaft cross-section.The distribution of shear stress is still linear with the maximum shear stress τs.The complete plasticity model assumption is not in accordance with the actual situation of shaft under torsion.The experimental strength data of nine plastic metals are consistent with the calculated results of the new limiting strain energy strength theory(LSEST).The traditional yield stress formula for plastic shaft under torsion is reasonable.The shear stress formula based on the plane assumption in material mechanics is applicable for all loaded stages of torsion shaft.

Complete genome analysis of bacteriochlorophyll acontaining Roseicitreum antarcticum ZS2-28^(T)reveals its adaptation to Antarctic intertidal environment

Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria(AAPB)are photoheterotrophic prokaryotes able to use both light and dissolved organic matter as energy sources.Roseicitreum antarcticum ZS2-28^(T)was isolated from intertidal sediment in the Larsemann Hills,Princess Elizabeth Land,Antarctica,and was able to produce bacteriochlorophyll a.It is the type strain of the sole species within the genus Roseicitreum.The complete genome sequence of the bacterium was determined using Illumina HiSeq X and PacBio RSII systems.The genome of R.antarcticum ZS2-28^(T)was 4253095 bp and consisted of one chromosome and four plasmids.A number of genes related to the bacteriochlorophyll a production,photosynthetic reaction,cold adaptation,salt adaptation,ultra-violet resistance and DNA damage repairing were found in the genome.In addition to genomic islands and typeⅣsecretion systems,genes related to gene transfer agents were detected in the genome of R.antarcticum ZS2-28^(T),suggesting that this bacterium can adapt to its environment by acquiring exogenous nucleic acids.The annotated complete genome sequence provides genetic insights into the environmental adaptation and ecological function of R.antarcticum ZS2-28^(T)in Antarctic coastal area.

原状海砂对混凝土力学性能的影响

为探究高氯盐、高贝壳含量原状海砂混凝土的力学性能,以海砂的氯离子含量和贝壳含量为变量,设计并配制9组海砂混凝土,开展混凝土立方体抗压强度试验和单轴受压应力-应变全曲线试验。结果表明:随着氯离子含量增加,混凝土的孔结构细化,早期强度提高,单轴受压应力-应变全曲线峰值应力增大,峰值应变降低,弹性模量提高;随着贝壳含量增加,混凝土坍落度显著下降,混凝土的孔结构较疏松,强度降低,单轴受压应力-应变全曲线峰值应力降低,峰值应变增大,弹性模量降低。在现有模型基础上,提出关于氯离子含量、贝壳含量的模型参数计算式。

超高性能海水海砂混凝土单轴受压应力-应变关系

为研究超高性能海水海砂混凝土(Ultra-High Performance Seawater Sea-sand Concrete,UHPSSC)轴压应力-应变关系,探究钢纤维体积掺量对UHPSSC轴压力学性能和轴压应力-应变全曲线的影响,使用Instron 1346万能材料试验机测得UHPSSC应力-应变全曲线,借助Pycharm曲线拟合程序与已有混凝土应力-应变全曲线模型进行拟合与修正.结果表明:钢纤维掺量越高,轴压作用下UHPSSC的破坏程度越小,抗压强度和峰值应变也随之增加;已有模型拟合的UHPSSC应力-应变全曲线上升段与试验曲线比较相近,下降段后期差距较大;通过修正下降段形状参数,得到了更适用于描述UHPSSC应力-应变全曲线的修正模型,并验证该修正模型的适用范围.

一种新的岩爆等级评估指标及其在某超埋深矿井中的应用

现有多数岩爆指标判据考虑因素较为单一,对一些具体工程岩爆风险存在误判可能,不利于岩爆风险防控。在分析现有岩爆指标判据优缺点的基础上,提出了一种考虑岩爆发生内外因素的岩爆等级判别指标,该指标充分考虑了岩爆发生的充分必要条件即岩爆发生的外在驱动力(应力条件)和岩爆发生的内在条件(岩石固有的储能、耗能特性),弥补了多数岩爆判据只考虑内因或外因单一因素的不足,提高了判别结果的可靠性和稳定性,可更好地对潜在岩爆风险进行科学管控,实现地下工程的安全、高效开挖或开采。应用该指标判别了山东某超埋深金矿-1 480 m水平岩爆倾向性,判别结果经讨论分析认为可靠性较高,研究结果可为其他类似工程提供参考。

采动应力作用下煤岩渗流场演化规律数值模拟

煤岩体内孔裂隙的发育状况对注水渗流的影响占主要因素,随着工作面的推进,采动应力会造成煤层孔裂隙结构的改变。为探究采动过程中煤岩孔裂隙的变化规律,在三轴压缩实验的基础上,利用体积变形表征煤岩孔隙体积变化随应力加载的演化过程,应用Fluent自定义函数(UDF)对孔隙体积随加载时间的变化关系进行编程,以开采时间及注水时间为轴,数值模拟分析采动应力对煤层注水渗流场的影响作用;对比不同应力加载阶段相同时间增量的煤体内钻孔附近渗流场的渗透压力、渗流速度及注水量的变化。结果表明:在相同时间增量条件下,压密阶段、体积膨胀阶段、变形破坏阶段煤体内钻孔周围水压与含水量依次增加,注水润湿范围逐渐增大;采动应力对注水渗流具有重要的影响。

超深钻岩芯地质环境真三轴试验装置研制及应用

为研究超深部岩芯的变形与破裂行为,研制了超深钻岩芯地质环境真三轴试验装置。该装置主要用于测试超深钻岩芯加工的试样(25 mm×25 mm×50 mm)在真三轴应力下的全应力-应变行为、循环加卸载破裂行为和时效变形行为,解决了试样变形测量不准确、加载系统低刚度、高油压与作动器压力互相干涉等技术难题。利用该装置完成了山东黄金集团三山岛金矿西岭副井工勘孔岩芯真三轴应力下力学行为的测试,发现:循环加卸载弱化了试样的脆性破裂特征,诱导3个方向的变形表现出各向异性;分级蠕变试验中,试样3个方向的变形均表现出初始蠕变、稳态蠕变、加速蠕变,且3个方向的蠕变速率均随偏应力的增加近似线性增加。

冻融环境下水工碾压混凝土单轴动态抗压性能研究

为研究冻融循环和加载应变率对水工碾压混凝土抗压力学性能的影响,通过室内模拟碾压混凝土坝工程配合比和施工工艺制备碾压混凝土试件,开展不同冻融循环次数(0、25、50、75次)下的冻融试验和不同加载应变率(10^(-5)/s、10^(-4)/s、10^(-3)/s、10^(-2)/s)下的单轴压缩试验,分析碾压混凝土冻融表观特征及加载破坏形态,研究冻融循环次数和加载应变率对抗压力学性能的影响规律;并基于多元回归分析方法,构建抗压强度、峰值应变、应力-应变曲线与冻融循环次数和加载应变率的相关关系。结果表明:碾压混凝土抗压强度与加载应变率呈线性增强关系,与冻融循环次数满足二次多项式的劣化关系;峰值应变与加载应变率满足二次多项式的降低关系,与冻融循环次数满足二次多项式的增长关系。通过全应力-应变拟合曲线与试验曲线的比较发现,在研究的应变率和冻融循环次数范围内,二者吻合较好。

二维斑点追踪技术评价的不同类型完全左束支传导阻滞预测心脏再同步化治疗患者急性反应的价值

目的 探讨二维斑点追踪技术(2D-STE)评价的不同类型完全左束支传导阻滞(CLBBB)预测接受心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)的慢性充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者急性反应的临床价值。方法 选取36例接受CRT的CHF合并CLBBB患者,分别在CRT关闭和开启状态接受超声心动图检查,并将CRT开启时左室射血分数(LVEF)增加≥5%设为有反应,<5%设为无反应。根据左室后室间隔纵向时间-应变曲线类型,将CLBBB分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型。将Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型设为研究组1,Ⅲ型设为研究组2,在CRT关闭状态下测量常规超声参数、收缩功能参数、收缩不同步参数。结果 36例患者中,有反应者为29例(80.56%),无反应者为7例(19.44%);CLBBBⅠ型患者20例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型12例。研究组1有22例患者CRT急性反应有效,应答有效率为91.67%(22/24);研究组2有7例患者CRT急性反应有效,应答有效率为58.33%(7/12);研究组1患者CRT急性反应的应答有效率高于研究组2患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者的左室内径、左室收缩功能、左室舒张功能、室间不同步参数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组1的室间隔整体纵向峰值应变、侧壁整体纵向峰值应变均小于研究组2,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组1的左室18节段峰值应变达峰时间的标准差大于研究组2,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 不同类型CLBBB急性反应的应答有效率有差异;CLBBBⅠ、Ⅱ型急性反应的应答有效率优于CLBBBⅢ型;CLBBBⅠ、Ⅱ型室间隔及左室侧壁功能优于CLBBB III型;CLBBBⅠ、Ⅱ型左室内收缩不同步性较CLBBBⅢ型显著。

陶砂对混合骨料混凝土性能的影响

研究了不同体积掺量陶砂的掺入对混合骨料混凝土强度、弹性模量、应力-应变全曲线、早期收缩及开裂性能的影响。结果表明陶砂的掺入能明显改善混凝土的早期收缩及开裂情况,当陶砂掺量达到50%时就可以基本抑制混凝土的开裂,且陶砂的掺入对混合骨料混凝土的强度没有太大影响,但是随陶砂掺量的增加会使混凝土的弹性模量有所降低,当体积掺量大于50%时降低比较明显,而此时混凝土的韧性却几乎不降低甚至有所提高。

First Complete Genome Sequence of a Probiotic Enterococcus faecium Strain T-110 and Its Comparative Genome Analysis with Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Enterococcus faecium Genomes

Enterococci bacteria are important in environmental, food and clinical microbiology. Enterococcus faecium is a nosocomial pathogen that causes bacteremia, endocarditis and other infections. It is among the most prevalent organisms encountered in hospital-associated infections accounting for approximately 12% of nosocomial infections in the USA （Linden and Miller, 1999）. However, certain strains of E. faecium are not only non-pathogenic but also have beneficial effects on human health with probiotic potential. For example, E. faecium T-110 is a consortium member in several probiotic products including BIO-THREE~ which is widely prescribed for human, animal and aqua-cultural use. This strain was originally developed by TOA Pharmaceuticals in Japan, and later used in the probiotic products of several other companies.

水分对煤全应力-应变过程渗流特征的影响

为探究水分对煤力学性质和渗流特征的影响,开展了干燥煤样和饱水煤样全应力-应变过程渗流实验,分析了2种含水状态煤样全应力-应变特征及渗透率演化规律。实验结果表明:干燥煤样全应力-应变曲线具有5个阶段,而饱水煤样仅具有4个阶段;饱水煤样在经历峰值应力破坏后,轴向应力跌落了36.82%,全应力-应变曲线中应变软化阶段消失;饱水煤样与干燥煤样相比,抗压强度下降了8.95%,弹性模量降低了8.54%,峰值应力降低了8.90%,应力跌落幅度增大了10.87%;干燥煤样渗透率随轴向应变增大而增大,整体呈线性关系;饱水煤样渗透率和应变的关系具有明显的阶段性,可分为稳定渗流阶段和快速渗流阶段;水分的存在会抑制煤体瓦斯渗流过程,在瓦斯抽采工程中应当注意煤层排水。