Electrical structure identification of deep shale gas reservoir in complex structural area using wide field electromagnetic method

To fully exploit the technical advantages of the large-depth and high-precision artificial source electromagnetic method in the complex structure area of southern Sichuan and compensate for the shortcomings of the conventional electromagnetic method in exploration depth,precision,and accuracy,the large-depth and high-precision wide field electromagnetic method is applied to the complex structure test area of the Luochang syncline and Yuhe nose anticline in the southern Sichuan.The advantages of the wide field electromagnetic method in detecting deep,low-resistivity thin layers are demonstrated.First,on the basis of the analysis of physical property data,a geological–geoelectric model is established in the test area,and the wide field electromagnetic method is numerically simulated to analyze and evaluate the response characteristics of deep thin shale gas layers on wide field electromagnetic curves.Second,a wide field electromagnetic test is conducted in the complex structure area of southern Sichuan.After data processing and inversion imaging,apparent resistivity logging data are used for calibration to develop an apparent resistivity interpretation model suitable for the test area.On the basis of the results,the characteristics of the electrical structure change in the shallow longitudinal formation of 6 km are implemented,and the transverse electrical distribution characteristics of the deep shale gas layer are delineated.In the prediction area near the well,the subsequent data verification shows that the apparent resistivity obtained using the inversion of the wide field electromagnetic method is consistent with the trend of apparent resistivity revealed by logging,which proves that this method can effectively identify the weak response characteristics of deep shale gas formations in complex structural areas.This experiment,it is shown shows that the wide field electromagnetic method with a large depth and high precision can effectively characterize the electrical characteristics of deep,low-resistivity thin layers in complex structural areas,and a new set of low-cost evaluation technologies for shale gas target layers based on the wide field electromagnetic method is explored.

Geological Features of Triassic Alkaline and Subalkaline Igneous Complexes in the Yan-Liao Area

A number of Triassic (245-195 Ma) alkaline or subalkaline igneous complexes were discovered in theYan-liao area in the northern part of the North China platform. These complexes are all poor in SiO_2; most ofthem are rich in Fe, Mg, K and P and such incompatible elements as Rb, Ba, U and Sr and REE; theinitial ^(87)Sr / ^(86)Sr ratios range from 0.7055 to 0.7057. They might have originated in the altered upper mantle.On that basis coupled with the distribution of the Triassic System and the tectonic deformation, it is suggestedthat there should have existed a tectono-magmatic belt in the area in Triassic time, which is an important mani-festation of the Indosinian movement in the area.

Suitability evaluation and spatial capacity analysis for complex topography construction land area in southwest China:a case study of Tongzi county in Guizhou province

In the background of a new round reform and western development strategy, making suitability evaluation of construction land complex topography area in southwest China scientifically and accurately has an important guiding significance on the construction of local urban and rural development. We selected economic factor of construction, safety factor of construction, factor of the present situation of land use and ecological protection factor in Tongzi county as evaluation indexes, and ascertained the weight of each elastic indicator using the analytic hierarchy process method. By the support of GIS and RS technology, we combined the single-factor qualitative classification with the multi-factor weighted overlay analysis to make comprehensive suitability evaluation of construction land on the whole study area. And five different types of construction land were divided, namely, ‘excellent', ‘very good', ‘good', ‘moderate' and ‘poor'. The result shows that the area of ‘excellent' construction land is 30.47 km^2(0.95%), 101.46 km^2(3.16%) of ‘very good', 550.34 km^2(17.16%) of ‘good', and 664.69 km^2(20.72%) and 1 860.65 km^2(58.01%) of ‘moderate' and ‘poor', respectively. The land space bearing capacity is a population of 791 600, and the remaining population capacity is 170 900 persons.

Function of Rural Settlement Complex Ecosystem in Mountain Area:A Case Study of Raosi Village of Zuogong County,Tibet

Using energy analysis,the quantifying evaluation and study method on production, living and ecology functions and their sustainability of rural settlement ecosystem in mountain area is established with these energy index such as export of labor and products, export of water resource, internal energy reserve, energy consumption for human living, net energy of ecosystem function and net internal reserve. Taking rural settlement Raosi Village in Hengduan Mountains as a case study, and on the basis of the synthetic research into the ecological process of the complex ecosystem, the study shows that energy costs of production, human living and ecology functions are separately taking 1.36%, 13.59% and 85. 05% of the gross ecosystem functions, and the exertions of production and human living functions are close to a high-point state on the present using level of energy in the settlement. The study also shows that the most important function of a rural settlement in mountain area is its ecological rather productive function.

Mesozoic Volcanic-Intrusive Complexes in the Coastal Area of Southeastern Zhejiang Province: Their Features, Petrogenesis and Distribution Pattern

On the basis of previous studies and by means of field geological, remote sensing, petrographical,mineralogical, petrochemical and geochemical investigations, the authors studied the temporal-spatial distribu-tion of the regional structures, volcanic structures and products of volcanic activity in the coastal area ofsoutheastern Zhejiang. On the basis and through a systematic comparison of the products of magmatism in thearea, it is considered that there exists a compsite volcanic structural belt composed of linear and circular struc-tures and it has been demonstrated that there exist volcanic intrusive complexes--'trinity' composed of vol-canic, subvolcanic and plutonic rocks. It is suggested that the volcanic intrusive complexes in the area belong tothe typical syntexis series and that its materials were derived from a mixed source of crust and mantle.

Exploration Technology for Complex Sandstone Reservoirs in the Developed Area of Shengli Oilfield

Jiyang depression, which is the main oil productive area of Shengli oil field, is located at the southeast part of the Bohai Bay Basin and is a terrestrial lacustrine rift subsidence basin formed in the late Mesozoic with fully developed fault system. The main hydrocarbon productive formations of this depression are the terrestrial clastic rocks of the Tertiary, which are of strong lateral variation. The complex fault reservoirs and subtle lithological reservoirs distributed extensively and are becoming the main exploration targets in recent years. The exploration and development practice in these years has formed the exploration technologies, mainly including detailed study and description of low grade faults, delineation of microstructures, facies constrained formation description and prediction and low resistivity oil bearing formation’s identification. These exploration technologies have resulted in remarkable effectiveness on the reserve and oil production increments.

Huanggang Intrusive Complexin Northern Tongbai Area:Island-Arc Tectonic Environment and Its Geological Significance

The Huanggang intrusive complex in northern Tongbai area was formed in Early Paleozoic. It mainly consists of ultra basic, basic, intermediate and acid rocks, dominated by intermediate and basic rocks. The complex belongs to calc alkaline series. Geochemical characteristics of major and trace elements show that the complex was derived from the fractional crystallization of co source magma. It is suggested that the complex was formed in island arc tectonic environment and was closely related to the northward subduction of the Erlangping back arc basin. Thus, the subduction of the back arc basin can induce the island arc type magmatism similar to the one formed in the setting of ocean plate subduction.

Dissolved Organic Matter-Complexed Iron in Two Rivers with Different Types of Soils in Watershed Area

Concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM), dissolved humic substances (DHS), and DOM-complexed Fe (DOM-Fe) in Yamakuni and Oita Rivers, Japan, of which headstream is near in location, flow pass length is similar, but watershed soil type differs, were investigated. Soil organic matter level was higher in black Andosols distributing 67% of the watershed area of the Oita River than in Cambisols covering 90% of the watershed area of Yamakuni River. However, the DOM concentration in the Yamakuni River (0.44 - 1.62 mg·C·L-1) tended to be higher than that in the Oita River (0.13 - 1.37 mg·C·L-1). DHS accounted for 49% - 80% of DOM in both rivers. Fe and DOM-Fe concentrations showed a trend to increase toward downstream but decrease at the estuary in both rivers. DOM-Fe accounted for 26% - 90% and 55% - 93% of dissolved Fe in the Yamakuni and Oita Rivers, respectively. Correlation analysis suggested that the DOM-Fe concentration in the river water was controlled by the capacity for supplying Fe ions rather than that for supplying DOM. Although the ability to form a complex with Fe was suggested to be greater in the DOM in the Oita River than that in the Yamakuni River, the DOM-Fe concentration at the estuary was similar in the two rivers. Thus, the effect of soil organic matter level in the watershed area on the supply of Fe or DOM-Fe to the estuarine ecosystem was not significant.

The Influence of Land-Use on Water Quality in a Tropical Coastal Area: Case Study of the Keta Lagoon Complex, Ghana, West Africa

The Keta Lagoon and its catchment areas in Ghana are influenced by intensive agriculture and the use of agro-chemicals. It has therefore, become necessary to assess the quality of water in the lagoon and the surrounding fresh water aquifers. In this study, a water quality index (WQI), indicating the water quality has been adopted. The WQI was determined on a basis of various physico-chemical parameters like pH, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrates, ammonium and sodium. The index was used both for tracking changes at one site over time, and for comparisons among sites. The WQI was also employed to wells used for irrigation on farms along the Keta Sand Spit as well as that of the Keta Lagoon Complex and its surrounding floodplains, in order to ascertain the quality of water for public and livestock consumption, irrigation, recreation and other purposes. The WQI of the wells, Keta lagoon and its floodplains showed various degrees of poor water quality and therefore considered unsuitable for drinking and recreation. By WHO standards, this calls for intensive physical and chemical treatment of the water for human consumption.

Logging interpretation method for reservoirs with complex pore structure in Mesozoic-Cenozoic faulted basin around Daqing exploration area

In Mesozoic-Cenozoic faulted basin in the periphery of Daqing exploration area, the clastic reservoirs mainly consist of siltstone and gravel-bearing sandstone. The electrical conductivity of the reservoirs is complicated due to the complex pore structures, which cannot be accurately interpreted with commonly used model. In order to solve the problem, a three-water model has been applied in this study based on in-depth analysis of the conductive mechanism of rocks in the explored area, and favorable application results are achieved.

A Case History of Secondary 3D Seismic Exploration in the Liaohe Basin: An Example from the Rongshengpu–Qianjin Area

The working area is located in the industrially developed region of Rongshengpu-Qianjin, where a surface water system is developed, surface-layer lithology is complicated, and various kinds of hydrocarbon traps are buried at depth. The seismic data acquired previously couldn＇t be interpreted due to the complex surface and geological conditions. Taking secondary 3D seismic from the Rongshengpu-Qianjin area as an example, this paper describes a set of techniques designed to overcome these difficulties and improve the quality of seismic data. The applied techniques included flexible acquisition geometry, low-noise receiver conditions, quantitative quality control, and so on.

南阿尔金木纳布拉克地区巴什库尔干岩群变质岩的锆石U-Pb定年和Lu-Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

南阿尔金木纳布拉克地区原划为长城纪巴什库尔干岩群中陆续识别出多类型高压变质岩,以及新元古代和古生代的原岩年龄信息。本文在前人研究的基础上,对木纳布拉克地区巴什库尔干岩群的中-低压浅变质岩进行详细的野外调查,并对三个不同岩组的6个样品进行了岩相学、锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素组成研究,以期对区内长城纪地层的构造归属划分提供更多的年代学证据。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年测得红柳泉组钾长片麻岩和角闪片岩的原岩形成年龄分别为1459~1577Ma和<1493Ma、贝壳滩组钙质白云母片岩的原岩年龄为<956Ma,均为中-新元古代;此外钙质白云母片岩还获得499Ma的变质年龄,总体反映了以上3个样品具有阿尔金杂岩的锆石年龄信息。这3个样品的核部残留碎屑锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值与阿尔金杂岩中各类变质岩的ε_(Hf)(t)值范围一致,且具有相似的二阶段模式年龄,代表了其原岩具有相似的物源。因此,综合年代学和Hf同位素组成分析可以推断,以上3个样品所属的地层不应再归为长城纪巴什库尔干岩群,而归到阿尔金杂岩更为合适。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得扎斯勘赛河组长英质片麻岩、红柳泉组长英质糜棱岩和贝壳滩组斜长角闪岩的原岩年龄介于454~460Ma以及多期变质年龄分别为429~432Ma、400~402Ma和~376Ma。这3个样品的原岩年龄和变质年龄与中阿尔金南缘志留纪中-高压变质岩带内变质岩石原岩和变质年龄具有一致性,且构造位置上均位于木纳布拉克地区西南缘,与阿尔金杂岩以断裂相隔,由此初步推断其与中阿尔金南缘志留纪中-高压变质岩带有关。综上,本文认为南阿尔金木纳布拉克地区原划为长城纪巴什库尔干岩群中南部的贝壳滩组和红柳泉组样品为南阿尔金高压-超高压变质带的西延部分,北部的扎斯勘赛河组和红柳泉组样品为中阿尔金南缘志留纪中压-高压变质作用的产物。

基于大涡模拟的山区桥址风场及其对桥梁抖振响应的影响

为研究位于复杂山区地形的桥址区风场特性及其对大跨度桥梁抖振响应的影响,以山区某斜拉桥为工程背景,采用大涡模拟方法获取桥址区足量监测点的脉动风场特性;分别以传统谐波合成法模拟的脉动风场、规范建议的C类脉动风场与大涡模拟方法计算得到的脉动风场计算桥梁的抖振力,并对三者进行了抖振响应对比分析;研究了桥址区非均匀风场特性对桥梁抖振响应的影响.研究结果表明:位于山区地形的大跨度桥梁的平均风速、风攻角以及紊流强度等特性沿桥跨呈现明显的非均匀性,紊流强度比、脉动风速谱以及相干函数均与规范建议值不同,反映了规范建议值在复杂山区风场中的适用性有限.采用谐波合成法模拟脉动风场得到的抖振响应相比大涡模拟方法同步监测所得到的脉动风场下抖振响应偏不安全,采用规范建议谱模拟风场所得的抖振响应相较于大涡模拟方法所得的抖振响应在竖向位移结果上偏不安全,但侧向位移和扭转位移结果上却偏于保守.非均匀风速对主梁竖向、侧向及扭转抖振响应影响较大,而非均匀风攻角对主梁扭转响应也有一定影响.非均匀风速来流下,跨中竖向和侧向抖振响应谱明显高于均匀风速来流的,而跨中扭转抖振响应谱与均匀风速来流相比差距并不明显.

血清LncRNA HCG11及miR-26b-5p与急性缺血性脑卒中患者脑梗死面积及功能预后的相关性

目的研究急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清长链非编码RNA人类白细胞抗原复合物组11(long non coding RNA human leukocyte antigen complex group 11,LncRNA HCG11)及微小核糖核酸-26b-5p(microRNA-26b-5p,miR-26b-5p)水平与脑梗死面积及功能预后的相关性。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月本院收治的急性缺血性脑卒中患者106例,根据梗死面积将其分为小面积组、中面积组和大面积组,随访1年后根据改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)分为预后良好组和预后不良组。采用qRT-PCR检测LncRNA HCG11,miR-26b-5p相对表达量;采用Logistic回归分析影响患者预后的因素;绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析LncRNA HCG11和miR-26b-5p对患者梗死面积的诊断及对预后的预测价值。采用Spearman相关分析LncRNA HCG11、miR-26b-5p与梗死面积及美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NHISS)的相关性。结果急性缺血性脑卒中大面积梗死患者的LncRNA HCG11水平升高,miR-26b-5p水平降低(P<0.05);与预后良好患者相比,预后不良患者的LncRNA HCG11水平升高,miR-26b-5p水平降低(P<0.05);不同梗死面积患者高血压史、高血脂史以及NHISS评分、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)之间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);LncRNA HCG11与梗死面积及NHISS均呈正相关(r_(梗死面积)=0.553,P_(梗死面积)<0.001;r_(NHISS)=0.462,P_(NHISS)<0.001),miR-26b-5p与梗死面积及NHISS均呈负相关(r'_(梗死面积)=-0.534,P'_(梗死面积)<0.001;r'_(NHISS)=-0.447,P'_(NHISS)<0.001);miR-26b-5p为影响患者预后不良的保护因素,高血压史、NHISS评分、CRP和LncRNA HCG11为患者预后不良的影响因素(P<0.05);LncRNA HCG11和miR-26b-5p及联合诊断患者梗死面积优于单独指标诊断(Z_(LncRNA HCG11)=3.049,P_(LncRNA HCG11)=0.002;Z_(miR-26b-5p)=2.657,P_(miR-26b-5p)=0.008,AUC=0.937);且LncRNA HCG11+miR-26b-5p对患者预后的预测能力显著优于LncRNA HCG11、miR-26b-5p、CRP、NHISS单独指标(Z_(LncRNA HCG11)=2.207,P_(LncRNA HCG11)=0.027;Z_(miR-26b-5p)=2.080,P_(miR-26b-5p)=0.038;Z_(CRP)=2.341,P_(CRP)=0.019;Z_(NHISS)=2.093,P_(NHISS)=0.036,AUC=0.892);LncRNA HCG11与miR-26b-5p呈负相关(r=-0.425,P<0.05)。结论急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清LncRNA HCG11水平升高,miR-26b-5p水平降低,均为患者脑梗死面积及功能预后的影响因素,对患者脑梗死面积及功能预后具有一定的诊断及预测价值。

全液压钻机在高原复杂山区勘探中的优势分析

川西高原具有地形高差显著、板块活动强烈、山地灾害频发、生态环境敏感、气候条件恶劣、深部不良地质突出、施工保障困难等特征。通过立轴式钻机与全液压钻机在高原复杂山区深孔钻探的基础数据,对两者在同一环境和地质条件下购置和运维成本、性能特点、完成工作量、钻进效能、环境适应能力、处理事故能力、综合经济效益等方面进行对比,分析各自的优劣势,得出结论:全液压钻机在劳动强度、安全防护、安装运输、自动化智能化方面具有明显优势,工作更平稳,钻效更高,更能节约成本,从而实现了安全、高效、经济的施工。在高原高海拔深孔、超深孔地质勘探工作方面可推广。

西曲煤矿地下水水文地球化学识别及含水层水力联系研究

了解煤炭开采驱动下矿井各含水层化学成分及连通性的变化,建立矿井水源快速识别体系,对保护研究区地下水资源和安全生产具有重要意义。通过常规元素数值特征分析、聚类分析以及不同含水层的氘和氚同位素追踪,确定了各含水层的地下水化学特征和水力联系,建立常规水化学成分Piper、Durov识别图和氘氚同位素识别图3个识别图,实现了对各含水层水源的快速识别。结果表明:研究区地下水补给的主要来源是大气降水,在煤矿开采的驱动下,形成了局部地下水系统,改变了局部地下水循环模式,根据水化学离子特征的差异以及氘和氚同位素的差异,建立了3个识别图,确定了西曲煤矿不同含水层的突水来源,并提出了针对性的突水解决方案。

磁法勘探技术在复杂地质构造区矿产资源调查中的应用研究

复杂地质构造区的矿产资源调查中磁异常的形成受多种地质因素影响,磁法勘探的应用面临着高精度测量、数据处理与解译等技术挑战。本文讨论了磁法勘探的基本原理、测量方法和数据处理技术并分析复杂地质构造区的磁异常特征与干扰因素。研究中提出磁法与重力法的联合勘探能提升勘探精度,磁法勘探在定位矿体、估算储量以及揭示地质构造方面具有较高的实际效果。复杂地质条件下磁法勘探仍面临误差来源、磁异常解译难度及数据优化等问题。基于地质背景的反演解译优化方法以及多物理场联合反演技术的创新应用,成为提升磁法勘探精度的有效途径。

河套地区边界层辐合线形成及其对流触发作用

利用加密小球探空、野外地面加密观测站、ERA5再分析资料、临河新一代天气雷达等资料,对2022年7—8月内蒙古黄河河套地区由河套灌区与库布奇沙漠地表差异形成的边界层辐合线(BLCL)及其在对流触发中的作用进行了详细分析。结果表明:河套BLCL是由地表差异、边界层大气环流、复杂地形共同影响所形成,主要发生在河套灌区东南部的库布奇沙漠地区,长度在100~200 km,为浅薄系统,垂直厚度约为1000~1100 m。BLCL日变化明显,在12:00—17:00为高发时段,占80%。7—8月BLCL形成概率高达60%,且有39%的BLCL会触发对流。BLCL形成的预报指标为:河套灌区杭锦后旗较库布奇沙漠哈百来更的2 m气温低2.5℃以上、露点温度高6℃以上、相对湿度高20%以上;河套套内库布奇沙漠和毛乌素沙地区域为持续强劲的偏南风,地面10 m风速大值中心大于4 m·s-1;海平面气压场西低东高,黄河“几”字弯为等压线密集带,气压梯度达3~4 hPa·100 km-1。BLCL的形成对对流触发具有重要意义,表现为对流触发、加强、组织等作用,在不同的环境条件和天气系统叠加配置下会触发局地对流、有组织强对流,导致河套地区暴雨等天气。河套BLCL在这一特定地区的生成和对流触发作用,与河套地区降水自西向东急剧增多的分布特征关系密切。

真地表速度建模技术在复杂山地地震资料成像中的应用

传统的叠前深度偏移成像技术将偏移成像和静校正问题分开处理,在复杂山地资料处理中,由于地表条件复杂、近地表横向速度变化剧烈、高速层出露等问题,基于地表一致性假设的静校正处理会引起波场畸变,导致旅行时计算误差较大,影响深度偏移成像效果。因此,提出了一种基于真地表偏移面的全深度建模与成像技术方案,从地表高程面开始速度建模,计算旅行时,将静校正问题隐含在偏移成像过程中,在复杂山地资料处理中取得了较好的应用效果。

Kolmogorov entropy changes and cortical lateralization during complex problem solving task measured with EEG

The objective is to study changes in EEG time-domain Kolmogorov entropy and cortical lateralization of brain function areas during complex problem solving mental task in healthy human subjects. EEG data for healthy subjects are acquired during complex problem solving mental task using a net of 6 electrodes. The subject was given a nontrivial multiplication problem to solve and the signals were recorded for 10s during the task. Kolmogorov entropy values during the task were calculated. It was found that Kolmogorov entropy values were obviously greater in P4 channel (right) than ones in P3 channel (left) during complex problem solving task. It indicated that all subjects presented significant left parietal lateralization for the total frequency spectrum. These results suggest that it may be possible to noninvasively lateralize, and even eventually localize, cerebral regions essential for particular mental tasks from scalp EEG data.