Third-order active-RC complex filter with automatic frequency tuning for ZigBee transceiver applications

A 3rd-order Butterworth active-RC complex band-pass filter was presented for Zig Bee(IEEE802.15.4) transceiver applications. The filter adopted cascaded complex pole stages to realize the 3 MHz bandwidth with a centre frequency of 2 MHz which was required by the Zig Bee transceiver applications. An automatic frequency tuning scheme was also designed to accommodate the performance deterioration due to the process, voltage and temperature(PVT) variations. The whole filter is implemented in a 0.18 μm standard process and occupies an area of 1.3 mm×0.6 mm. The current dissipation is 1.2 m A from a 1.8 V single power supply. Measurement results show that the image rejection ratio(IRR) of the filter is 24.1 d B with a pass-band ripple less than 0.3 d B. The adjacent channel rejection is 29.8 d B@7 MHz and alternate channel rejection 47.5 d B@12 MHz, respectively.

Improved complex filter applied in enhancing EFT/B immunity at a coal mine monitoring substation

A monitoring system is an important guarantee of safety in a production mine. However, not all monitoring substations pass the electrical fast transient/burst (EFT/B) immunity test and the explosion-proof test simultaneously. To enhance the immunity, the values of capacitance and inductance should be increased, which are actually limited by coal mine explosion-proof standards. Hence, for the first time, an active filter was applied in an electromagnetic interference (EMI) output filter. As a result, the interference within 30 MHz clearly weakened, but the frequency spectrum had a wide range. An EMI input filter and ferrite beads were adopted to restrain higher frequency interference. An output interference spectrogram of the substation was obtained with an analyzer. The results indicate that the improved complex filtering markedly help to control interference. With the support of improved complex filtering and other enhancing immunity means about I/O ports, the substation managed to pass both the EFT/B immunity test and the explosion-proof test synchronously. We conclude that improved complex filtering is of vital importance in enhancing the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the coal mine monitoring system.

A 4TH ORDER FULLY INTEGRATED ACTIVE RC COMPLEX FILTER WITH NOVEL AUTOMATIC TUNING SYSTEMS

This letter introduces a 4th order active RC complex filter with 1.5MHz center frequency and 1MHz bandwidth. The total harmonic distortion of the filter is less than –60dB and the image rejection ratio is greater than 60dB. A novel technique is also proposed in this letter to automatically adjust the variation of the time constant. The advantages of the proposed method are its high precision and simplicity. Using 5bits control words, the tuning error is less than ±1.6%.

A Method for Reducing Ocean Wave-Induced Magnetic Noises in Shallow-Water MT Data Using a Complex Adaptive Filter

In shallow-water areas,the marine magnetotelluric(MT)method faces a challenge in the investigation of seabed conductivity structures due to electrical and magnetic noises induced by ocean waves,which seriously contaminate MT data.Ocean waves can affect electric and magnetic fields to different extents.In general,their influence on magnetic fields is considerably greater than that on electric fields.In this paper,a complex adaptive filter is adopted to reduce wave-induced magnetic noises in the frequency domain.The processing results of synthetic and measured MT data indicate that the proposed method can effectively reduce wave-induced magnetic noises and provide reliable apparent resistivity and phase data.

A CMOS G_m-C complex filter with on-chip automatic tuning for wireless sensor network application

A Gm-C complex filter with on-chip automatic tuning for wireless sensor networks is designed and implemented using 0.18 μm CMOS process. This filter is synthesized from a low-pass 5th-order Chebyshev RLC ladder filter prototype by means of capacitors and fully balanced transconductors. A conventional phase-locked loop is used to realize the on-chip automatic tuning for both center frequency and bandwidth control. The filter is centered at 2 MHz with a bandwidth of 2.4 MHz. The measured results show that the filter provides more than 45 dB image rejection while the ripple in the pass-band is less than 1.2 dB. The complete filter including on-chip tuning circuit consumes 4.9 mA with 1.8 V single supply voltage.

A dual-mode complex filter for GNSS receivers with frequency tuning

A fifth/seventh order dual-mode OTA-C complex filter for global navigation satellite system receivers is implemented in a 0.18μm CMOS process.This filter can be configured as the narrow mode of a 4.4 MHz bandwidth center at 4.1 MHz or the wide mode of a 22 MHz bandwidth center at 15.42 MHz.A fully differential OTA with source degeneration is used to provide sufficient linearity.Furthermore,a ring CCO based frequency tuning scheme is proposed to reduce frequency variation.The measured results show that in narrow-band mode the image rejection ratio（IMRR）is 35 dB,the filter dissipates 0.8 mA from the 1.8 V power supply,and the out-of-band rejection is 50 dB at 6 MHz offset.In wide-band mode,IMRR is 28 dB and the filter dissipates 3.2 mA.The frequency tuning error is less than±2%.

A CMOS G_m-C complex filter with a reconfigurable center and cutoff frequencies in low-IF WiMAX receivers

This paper presents a reconfigurable fifth-order complex Gm-C filter for different data rates in low-IF WiMAX applications.The design procedure and linearized measures to realize the complex filter are described.In order to achieve the reconfigurability of bandwidth window,the center frequency and the cutoff frequency filter are adjusted simultaneously by changing capacitor values while keeping transconductors unchanged.Also,the filter integrates an on-chip automatic frequency tuning circuit based on a PLL.Experimental results show that it has an IRR of 32 dB,a THD of -43 dB,and an input-referred noise of 21μVrms.The chip is fabricated in 0.13μm CMOS process,occupies 0.7×1 mm2,and consumes 4.8 mA current from a 1.2 V power supply.

A pseudo differential Gm-C complex filter with frequency tuning for IEEE802.15.4 applications

This paper presents a CMOS G;-C complex filter for a low-IF receiver of the IEEE802.15.4 standard.A pseudo differential OTA with reconfigurable common mode feedback and common mode feed-forward is proposed as well as the frequency tuning method based on a relaxation oscillator.A detailed analysis of non-ideality of the OTA and the frequency tuning method is elaborated.The analysis and measurement results have shown that the center frequency of the complex filter could be tuned accurately.The chip was fabricated in a standard 0.35μm CMOS process,with a single 3.3 V power supply.The filter consumes 2.1 mA current,has a measured in-band group delay ripple of less than 0.16μs and an IRR larger than 28 dB at 2 MHz apart,which could meet the requirements of the IEEE802.15.4 standard.

Design of complex FIR filters with arbitrary magnitude and group delay responses

To design approximately linear-phase complex coefficient finite impulse response （FIR） digital filters with arbitrary magnitude and group delay responses, a novel neural network approach is studied. The approach is based on a batch back-propagation neural network algorithm by directly minimizing the real magnitude error and phase error from the linear-phase to obtain the filter＇s coefficients. The approach can deal with both the real and complex coefficient FIR digital filters design problems. The main advantage of the proposed design method is the significant reduction in the group delay error. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated with two optimal design examples.

Continuously Variable Bandwidth Sharp FIR Filters with Low Complexity

In software defined radio (SDR), sharp filters of different bandwidth are required to fine tune the desired channel. This requires different computational resources and large number of filter coefficients. This paper proposes a continuously variable bandwidth sharp finite impulse response (FIR) filter with low distortion and low complexity. For this, a fixed length FIR filter is used with two arbitrary sampling rate converters. This system can be used for both the continuous increase as well as decrease of the effective bandwidth of a filter. The low complexity and sharpness are achieved by using the frequency-response masking (FRM) approach for the design of the fixed length FIR filter. The sharp transition width leads to maximum rejection to channel interference in SDR.

改进滑模观测器的电流源逆变器驱动PMSM无位置传感器控制

由于电流源逆变器(CSI)的叠流效应以及前级DC-DC控制的母线电流脉动较大,使得扩展反电动势中含有大量谐波,造成较大的位置误差。针对此问题,该文提出一种改进滑模观测器的电流源逆变器驱动永磁同步电机无传感器控制方法。首先,基于传统滑模观测器,设计复系数滤波器代替传统低通滤波器,实现了对估计反电动势的准确提取,同时也抑制了估计反电动势中的高频抖动和高次谐波。其次,将二阶广义积分器内嵌于锁相环中,用于消除位置误差信号中的低次谐波,提高位置观测准确度。最后,将估算的速度信息反馈回复系数滤波器,实现复系数滤波器的自适应性。实验结果表明,所提方法在不同工况下,能够有效提高估算的转子位置精度,验证了方法的可行性与有效性。

基于SVD的复数UKF及电力系统对称分量估计

电力系统对称分量的检测对于电力系统安全稳定的运行具有很重要的意义。利用复数域无迹卡尔曼滤波算法,对三相电压系统的正负序分量及频率进行了估计。为了提高复数无迹卡尔曼滤波的参数估计精度及算法稳定性,引入最优自适应因子并对预测协方差矩阵进行SVD分解,提出了基于SVD的自适应CUKF算法。为消除零序分量,对三相电压分量进行αβ变换,定义了复数形式的状态变量,建立了非线性状态方程及观测方程,实现了正序、负序对称分量估计。通过与普通复数域无迹卡尔曼滤波算法对比,所提研究方法在估计精度及收敛速度等方面优于传统无迹卡尔曼滤波方法。

具有系数相关性的可变分数时延滤波器设计方法

针对可变分数时延滤波器设计中的复杂度问题提出一种设计方法,将时域插值与泰勒级数展开相结合对Farrow结构进行系数配置,推导出相应的滤波器系数相关公式。该方法设计出的滤波器具有系数相关性,可使近一半滤波器系数独立,并得到低复杂度的滤波器实现结构。从复杂度、幅频响应及群时延、误差方面进行理论推导和仿真验证,分析结果表明,所提方法能有效降低可变分数时延滤波器的复杂度和计算成本。

基于改进型SMO的PMSM无传感器控制研究

针对传统滑模观测器(SMO)对永磁同步电机(PMSM)反电动势估计存在高频抖动而导致位置和转速误差较大的问题,分析设计了一种新型滑模观测器。首先,从滑模变结构控制原理出发,分析了传统SMO中控制函数的不足,其次,设计了新型控制函数,改善传统滑模观测器因使用开关函数造成估算值抖动过大的问题;同时使用频率自适应复系数滤波器代替传统的低通滤波器,提升估计转子位置和转速的精度。最后,在Matlab/Simulink平台搭建了算法仿真,仿真结果表明,该观测器能够很好地观测跟踪电机转速和其转子位置,能有效抑制高频抖振,提高滑模观测器估算精度,提高了PMSM无传感控制系统的稳定性。

剪切增稠液微胶囊的制备与性能研究

本研究以壳聚糖材料为壁材,剪切增稠液(STF)为芯材,通过单凝聚法制备了STF微胶囊(STF MCs)。通过单因素实验研究,确定了微胶囊的制备工艺参数:司盘80(Span 80)与吐温80(Tween 80)作为分散剂,复配比例为3∶1;乳化剂用量为11%,核壳比为2∶1,搅拌速度为600 r/min,反应温度为60℃;体系的油水比为1∶2。在此条件下制得的STF MCs呈较为规整的球形,粒径分布较为均匀,且主要集中在3μm左右。结果表明,碳纳米管的引入有效改善了STF的流变性能。掺杂CNTs的STF体系具有更小临界剪切速率,更快的黏度突变,并且峰值黏度增加近一倍;芯材和微胶囊乳液的红外光谱大部分都一致,表明壳聚糖成功吸附在芯材液滴表面,实现了对STF的包封。壁材对芯材STF起到了保护作用,提升了芯材STF的热稳定性。

复杂环境GNSS实时亚厘米级监测算法设计及性能分析

针对复杂监测场景下,由于卫星信号遮挡严重、多路径效应强、粗差和周跳频繁而造成观测数据质量差,严重影响全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)实时监测的精度、可靠性和可用性的问题,提出一种复杂环境下的GNSS实时亚厘米级监测算法:综合利用监测体的变化特征,从观测数据质量控制、滤波过程噪声自适应调节、GNSS解算短时中断后快速恢复等方面着手,设计一套适用于复杂环境的GNSS地质灾害实时高精度监测数据处理算法;并采用实测与仿真短基线数据评估算法性能。结果表明,在复杂观测场景下,提出的复杂环境GNSS监测算法能够实现实时亚厘米级定位精度,有效解决GNSS解算短时中断后的快速恢复问题,并能准确识别监测体的快速形变。

基于视觉自注意力模型与轨迹滤波器的篮球战术识别

通过机器学习分析球员轨迹数据获得进攻或防守战术,是篮球视频内容理解的关键组成部分。传统机器学习方法需要人为设定特征变量,灵活性大大降低,因此如何自动获取可用于战术识别的特征信息成为关键问题。为此,该文基于美国职业篮球联赛(NBA)比赛中球员轨迹数据设计了一个篮球战术识别模型(TacViT),该模型以视觉自注意力模型(ViT)作为主干网络,利用多头注意力模块提取丰富的全局轨迹特征信息,同时并入轨迹滤波器来加强球场线与球员轨迹之间的特征信息交互,增强球员位置特征表示,其中轨迹滤波器以对数线性复杂度学习频域中的长期空间相关性。该文将运动视觉系统(SportVU)的序列数据转化为轨迹图,自建篮球战术数据集(PlayersTrack),在该数据集上的实验表明,TacViT的准确率达到了82.5%,相对未做更改的视觉自注意力S模型(ViT-S),精度上提升了16.7%。

公共区域监控视频运动目标跟踪系统设计

公共监控区域中的运动目标在运动方向和运动速度方面具有一定的随机性,这增加了目标跟踪难度。为了提升运动目标的跟踪性能,设计了公共区域监控视频运动目标跟踪系统。通过设计系统总体框架,确定了系统工作流程;基于建立的总体框架完成了系统各个硬件模块的设计,并着重设计了系统检测跟踪模块,使用Kalman滤波算法预测视频运动目标状态辅助该模块完成目标的精准跟踪;依据系统工作流程完成了系统的软件流程设计;结合系统的硬件、软件设计实现对公共区域的视频运动目标检测跟踪。实验结果表明,设计系统在跟踪公共区域的视频运动目标时,跟踪时间短、跟踪精度高、检测跟踪性能高。

一种复杂地形场景点云的WOA-CSF自适应性滤波方法

为解决布料模拟滤波算法(CSF)自适应性不高的问题,提出了一种基于鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)和自适应参数调整的改进CSF算法(WOA-CSF)。本文首先构造以误分类点云误差率最小为标准的适应度评价函数,然后采用WOA算法对CSF算法的四个参数进行自适应寻优,构建了WOA-CSF滤波算法,最后开展了WOA-CSF算法与CSF算法滤波实验的对比研究。实验结果表明:WOA-CSF算法在城市、乡镇、村庄和山区等四种复杂环境下平均Kappa系数从68.33%提升到81.54%,平均总误差率从10.54%下降到6.62%,平均I类误差率从25.87%下降到6.77%,在复杂场景下较好地滤除非地面点的同时,又极大程度上保留了地形特征。

应用于WIFI或BLE接收机可重构有源RC滤波器设计

文中提出一种可重构的有源RC滤波器,其可以同时适用于WIFI6/BLE(低功耗蓝牙)传输协议。该滤波器基于40nm CMOS工艺设计,其可以在五阶切比雪夫低通滤波器与三阶巴特沃斯复数带通滤波器进行切换,并基于可编程的电阻和电容,实现增益和带宽的调节。为了满足高截止频率(80MHz)的场景,以及相应的带宽精度,滤波器使用一种基于新补偿技术的新型全差分运算放大器,并采用PTAT电流,该放大器优化了滤波器高频性能并最大限度地减少了电流消耗。版图后仿真结果表明,在WIFI应用中,滤波器的典型带宽为10、20、40、80 MHz,增益调节范围0~24 dB,单路电流消耗为2、3、4.5、5.1 mA,拥有出色的相邻信道抑制:-36 dB@160 MHz(80 MHz带宽);BLE模式下,中心频率可在1 MHz和2 MHz之间进行切换,并拥有大于30dB的镜像抑制,增益0~24 dB可调,单路功耗为1.2 mA。