BACKGROUND The debate regarding diagnostic classification systems in psychiatry(categorial vs dimensional systems)has essential implications for the diagnosis,prevention and treatment of stress reactions.We previously...BACKGROUND The debate regarding diagnostic classification systems in psychiatry(categorial vs dimensional systems)has essential implications for the diagnosis,prevention and treatment of stress reactions.We previously found a unique pattern of stress reaction in a study executed during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic using large representative samples in two countries,and termed it the Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome(CSRS).AIM To investigate CSRS,Type A(psychiatric symptoms,spanning anxiety,depression,stress symptoms,and posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)),with or without long-coronavirus disease(COVID)residuals(CSRS,Type B,neuropsychiatric symptoms spanning cognitive deficits and fatigue,excluding systemic symptoms).Our two-tailed hypothesis was that CSRS is a condition related to an unrecognized type of stress reaction in daily life in the general population(Type A)or that it is related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and its long-COVID residuals(Type B).METHODS 977 individuals in four continents(North America,Europe,Australia and the Middle East)completed the online study questionnaire in six languages using the Qualtrics platform.The study was managed by six teams in six countries that promoted the study on social media.The questionnaire assessed anxiety,depression,stress symptoms and PTSD(CSRS,Type A),cognitive deficits and fatigue(CSRS,Type B).The data were analyzed using Proportion Analyses,Multivariate Analysis of Co-Variance(MANCOVA),linear regression analyses and validated clinical cutoff points.RESULTS The results of the Proportion Analyses showed that the prevalence of 4 symptoms spanning anxiety,depression,stress symptoms,and PTSD was significantly higher than the most prevalent combinations of fewer symptoms across 4 continents,age groups,and gender.This supports the transdiagnostic argument embedded in the CSRS(Type A).The same pattern of results was found in infected/recovered individuals.The prevalence of the 4 psychiatric symptoms combination was significantly greater than that of 5 and 6 symptoms,when adding cognitive deficits and fatigue,respectively.MANCOVA showed a significant three-way interaction(age×gender×continent).Further analyses showed that the sources of this three-way interaction were threefold relating to two sub-populations at-risk:(1)Individuals that self-identified as non-binary gender scored significantly higher on all 4 psychiatric symptoms of the CSRS,Type A at young age groups(<50 years old)in North America compared to(self-identified)women and men located in the 4 continents studied,and to other ages across the adult life span;and(2)This pattern of results(CSRS,Type A)was found also in women at young ages(<40 years old)in North America who scored higher compared to men and women in other continents and other ages.Linear regression analyses confirmed the MANCOVA results.CONCLUSION These results show a combined mental health risk factor related to stress reactivity,suggesting that the CSRS is sensitive to populations at risk and may be applied to future identification of other vulnerable sub-populations.It also supports the transdiagnostic approach for more accurate prevention and treatment.Time will tell if such transdiagnostic syndromes will be part of the discussions on the next revisions of the traditional classification systems or whether the crisis in psychiatry further evolves.展开更多
The complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) has been used to describe the travelling wave behaviour in reaction-diffusion (RD) systems. We argue that this description is valid only when the RD system is close to t...The complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) has been used to describe the travelling wave behaviour in reaction-diffusion (RD) systems. We argue that this description is valid only when the RD system is close to the Hopf bifurcation, and is not valid when a RD system is away from the onset. To test this, we study spirals and anti-spirals in the chlorite-iodide-malonic acid (CIMA) reaction and the corresponding OGLE. Numerical simulations confirm that the OGLE can only be applied to the CIMA reaction when it is very near the Hopf onset.展开更多
Abstract The complexes [M(CO);(CH;CN);](M=Mo, W)react with an equimolar quantity ofPhSnCl;in dichloromethane at room tempreture to afford new heterobinuclearcomplexes [PhCl;SnM(Cl)(CO);(CH;CN);] [M=Mo(1); ...Abstract The complexes [M(CO);(CH;CN);](M=Mo, W)react with an equimolar quantity ofPhSnCl;in dichloromethane at room tempreture to afford new heterobinuclearcomplexes [PhCl;SnM(Cl)(CO);(CH;CN);] [M=Mo(1); W(2)]. The complexes reactwith two equivalents of PR;R’(R=Ph, R’=Ph, Me; R=Cy, R’=H) to yield stablecomplexes [PhCl;SnM(Cl)(CO);(PR;R’);]. Reaction of[PhCl;SnM(Cl)(CO);(CH;CN);]with one equivalent of PPh;(CH;)nPPh;(n=I,2) or bulky phosphine ligands PBu;Clin dichloromethane at room tempreture to give [PhCl;SnMo(Cl)(CO);{PPh;(CH;)n-PPh;}] .CH;Cl;, [PhCl;SnMo(Cl)(CO);PBu;Cl]. CH;Cl;, respectively. The complexes1 and 2 react with phosphite donor ligands P(OMe);to give [PhCl;SnM(Cl)(CO);-{P(OMe);};]. All complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IRand;HNMR spectroscopies. Here we report the preliminary results of this work.展开更多
The glycosidation reactions of D-glucose with ethanol have been carried out over a reusable and separable heterogeneous catalyst, namely, ion exchange resin. Detailed kinetic data for these reactions are reported. A c...The glycosidation reactions of D-glucose with ethanol have been carried out over a reusable and separable heterogeneous catalyst, namely, ion exchange resin. Detailed kinetic data for these reactions are reported. A complex reaction model has been developed for interpreting the data. The reactions were found to be global second-order reactions and first -order with respect to each component. Meanwhile, a new regression method is applied to determine the rate constant from time-dependent profiles.展开更多
The kinetics of the reaction of [Ni(PnAO)—6H]° with formaldehyde was studied in H_2O—CH_3OH solution under neutral condition and a complicated mechanism with three steps including competitive, consecutive and r...The kinetics of the reaction of [Ni(PnAO)—6H]° with formaldehyde was studied in H_2O—CH_3OH solution under neutral condition and a complicated mechanism with three steps including competitive, consecutive and reverse reactions was proposed.展开更多
In an acidic solution the mixed polynuclear complexes could be formed by association of rareearth-arsenazo Ⅲ complexing anions with copper o-phenanthrolinate cations.In this paper the formationconditions of lanthanum...In an acidic solution the mixed polynuclear complexes could be formed by association of rareearth-arsenazo Ⅲ complexing anions with copper o-phenanthrolinate cations.In this paper the formationconditions of lanthanum-arsenazo Ⅲ-copper-o-phenanthroline complex and its related reaction mechanismhave been studied in detail.The complex exhibits an absorption maximum at 663 nm and its apparent molarabsorptivity is found to be 1.22×105L·mol-1·cm-1.The molar ratio of the components in the complex isestimated to be La:arsenazo Ⅲ:Cu:Phen=1:1:1:3.Its possible molecular formula can expressed as[Cu(Phen)3](La-arsenazo Ⅲ).The reaction is used to determine micro amounts of lanthanum(or rareearths)in copper containning synthetic samples and satisfactory results are obtained.展开更多
Conformance control and water plugging are a widely used EOR method in mature oilfields.However,majority of conformance control and water plugging agents are unavoidable dehydrated situation in high-temperature and hi...Conformance control and water plugging are a widely used EOR method in mature oilfields.However,majority of conformance control and water plugging agents are unavoidable dehydrated situation in high-temperature and high-salinity low permeability reservoirs.Consequently,a novel conformance control system HPF-Co gel,based on high-temperature stabilizer(CoCl_(2)·H_(2)O,CCH)is developed.The HPF-Co bulk gel has better performances with high temperature(120℃)and high salinity(1×10^(5)mg/L).According to Sydansk coding system,the gel strength of HPF-Co with CCH is increased to code G.The dehydration rate of HPF-Co gel is 32.0%after aging for 150 d at 120℃,showing excellent thermal stability.The rheological properties of HPF gel and HPF-Co gel are also studied.The results show that the storage modulus(G′)of HPF-Co gel is always greater than that of HPF gel.The effect of CCH on the microstructure of the gel is studied.The results show that the HPF-Co gel with CCH has a denser gel network,and the diameter of the three-dimensional network skeleton is 1.5-3.5μm.After 90 d of aging,HPF-Co gel still has a good three-dimensional structure.Infrared spectroscopy results show that CCH forms coordination bonds with N and O atoms in the gel amide group,which can suppress the vibration of cross-linked sites and improve the stability at high temperature.Fractured core plugging test determines the optimized polymer gel injection strategy and injection velocity with HPF-Co bulk gel system,plugging rate exceeding 98%.Moreover,the results of subsequent waterflooding recovery can be improved by 17%.展开更多
The platinum (II) complexes of the [Pt (N4,N7-Ribavirin) (DMSO) Cl], [Pt (N4,N7-De-oxyribavirin) (DMSO) Cl] were obtained by the reactions of cis-[Pt (DMSO)2 Cl2] and K[Pt (DMSO) Cl3] with 1-??-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-t...The platinum (II) complexes of the [Pt (N4,N7-Ribavirin) (DMSO) Cl], [Pt (N4,N7-De-oxyribavirin) (DMSO) Cl] were obtained by the reactions of cis-[Pt (DMSO)2 Cl2] and K[Pt (DMSO) Cl3] with 1-??-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (Ribavirin) and its deoxy-analogue (deoxyribavirin). The preparation of 1-(2'-deoxy-?-D-ribofuranosyl) -1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide was also performed through a four-step procedure, protection of 3', 5'-dihydroxyl group of Ribavirin with 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane (TPDS-Cl), phenoxythio-carbonylation of the 2'-hydroxyl group of 3', 5'-O-TPDS-Ribavirin with phenoxythiocarbonyl-chloride (PTC-Cl), reduction of 2′-O-phenoxythiocarbonyl ester of 3', 5'-O-TPDS-Ribavirin with tri-n-butyltin hydride and AIBN, deprotection of 3', 5'-O-TPDS-Ribavirin with tetrabutylammon-ium fluoride in THF.展开更多
Two novel complexes, namely {[Cd(AIP)(4,4'-bpy)]·1.3DMF}n(1) and [Cd(AIP)(2,2'- bpy)]n(2), have been synthesized through solvothermal reaction(H2AIP = 5-aminoisophthalic acid, 2,2'-bpy = 2,2'-bip...Two novel complexes, namely {[Cd(AIP)(4,4'-bpy)]·1.3DMF}n(1) and [Cd(AIP)(2,2'- bpy)]n(2), have been synthesized through solvothermal reaction(H2AIP = 5-aminoisophthalic acid, 2,2'-bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, 4,4'-bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine, and DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide) and structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 shows a three-dimensional(3D) layer-pillar framework with rectangular channels, while complex 2 displays a two-dimensional(2D) wave net architecture. Furthermore, 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra(IR), thermal gravimetric analyses(TGA) and fluorescence measurements. The luminescent properties of 1 dispersed in various organic solvents have been investigated systematically, demonstrating high selectivity for acetone via the fluorescence quenching effect.展开更多
With ever-increasing attentions being paid to complex systems such as the life system, soft matter, and nano-systems, theoretical studies of non-equilibrium nonlinear problems involved in chemical dynamics are now of ...With ever-increasing attentions being paid to complex systems such as the life system, soft matter, and nano-systems, theoretical studies of non-equilibrium nonlinear problems involved in chemical dynamics are now of general interest. In this mini-review, we mainly give a brief introduction to some frontier topics in this field, namely, nonlinear state-state dynamics, nonlinear chemical dynamics on complex networks, and nonlinear dynamics in mesoscopic chemical reaction systems. Deep study of these topics will make great contribution to discovering new laws of chemical dynamics, to exploring new control methods of complex chemical processes, to figuring out the very roles of chemical proc-esses in the life system, and to crosslinking the scientific study of chemistry, physics and biology.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The debate regarding diagnostic classification systems in psychiatry(categorial vs dimensional systems)has essential implications for the diagnosis,prevention and treatment of stress reactions.We previously found a unique pattern of stress reaction in a study executed during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic using large representative samples in two countries,and termed it the Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome(CSRS).AIM To investigate CSRS,Type A(psychiatric symptoms,spanning anxiety,depression,stress symptoms,and posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)),with or without long-coronavirus disease(COVID)residuals(CSRS,Type B,neuropsychiatric symptoms spanning cognitive deficits and fatigue,excluding systemic symptoms).Our two-tailed hypothesis was that CSRS is a condition related to an unrecognized type of stress reaction in daily life in the general population(Type A)or that it is related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and its long-COVID residuals(Type B).METHODS 977 individuals in four continents(North America,Europe,Australia and the Middle East)completed the online study questionnaire in six languages using the Qualtrics platform.The study was managed by six teams in six countries that promoted the study on social media.The questionnaire assessed anxiety,depression,stress symptoms and PTSD(CSRS,Type A),cognitive deficits and fatigue(CSRS,Type B).The data were analyzed using Proportion Analyses,Multivariate Analysis of Co-Variance(MANCOVA),linear regression analyses and validated clinical cutoff points.RESULTS The results of the Proportion Analyses showed that the prevalence of 4 symptoms spanning anxiety,depression,stress symptoms,and PTSD was significantly higher than the most prevalent combinations of fewer symptoms across 4 continents,age groups,and gender.This supports the transdiagnostic argument embedded in the CSRS(Type A).The same pattern of results was found in infected/recovered individuals.The prevalence of the 4 psychiatric symptoms combination was significantly greater than that of 5 and 6 symptoms,when adding cognitive deficits and fatigue,respectively.MANCOVA showed a significant three-way interaction(age×gender×continent).Further analyses showed that the sources of this three-way interaction were threefold relating to two sub-populations at-risk:(1)Individuals that self-identified as non-binary gender scored significantly higher on all 4 psychiatric symptoms of the CSRS,Type A at young age groups(<50 years old)in North America compared to(self-identified)women and men located in the 4 continents studied,and to other ages across the adult life span;and(2)This pattern of results(CSRS,Type A)was found also in women at young ages(<40 years old)in North America who scored higher compared to men and women in other continents and other ages.Linear regression analyses confirmed the MANCOVA results.CONCLUSION These results show a combined mental health risk factor related to stress reactivity,suggesting that the CSRS is sensitive to populations at risk and may be applied to future identification of other vulnerable sub-populations.It also supports the transdiagnostic approach for more accurate prevention and treatment.Time will tell if such transdiagnostic syndromes will be part of the discussions on the next revisions of the traditional classification systems or whether the crisis in psychiatry further evolves.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10274003) and the Department of Science and Technology of China.Acknowledgement We thank Cheng X, Wang C and Wang S for helpful discussion.
文摘The complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) has been used to describe the travelling wave behaviour in reaction-diffusion (RD) systems. We argue that this description is valid only when the RD system is close to the Hopf bifurcation, and is not valid when a RD system is away from the onset. To test this, we study spirals and anti-spirals in the chlorite-iodide-malonic acid (CIMA) reaction and the corresponding OGLE. Numerical simulations confirm that the OGLE can only be applied to the CIMA reaction when it is very near the Hopf onset.
基金Supported by THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION OF CHINA
文摘Abstract The complexes [M(CO);(CH;CN);](M=Mo, W)react with an equimolar quantity ofPhSnCl;in dichloromethane at room tempreture to afford new heterobinuclearcomplexes [PhCl;SnM(Cl)(CO);(CH;CN);] [M=Mo(1); W(2)]. The complexes reactwith two equivalents of PR;R’(R=Ph, R’=Ph, Me; R=Cy, R’=H) to yield stablecomplexes [PhCl;SnM(Cl)(CO);(PR;R’);]. Reaction of[PhCl;SnM(Cl)(CO);(CH;CN);]with one equivalent of PPh;(CH;)nPPh;(n=I,2) or bulky phosphine ligands PBu;Clin dichloromethane at room tempreture to give [PhCl;SnMo(Cl)(CO);{PPh;(CH;)n-PPh;}] .CH;Cl;, [PhCl;SnMo(Cl)(CO);PBu;Cl]. CH;Cl;, respectively. The complexes1 and 2 react with phosphite donor ligands P(OMe);to give [PhCl;SnM(Cl)(CO);-{P(OMe);};]. All complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IRand;HNMR spectroscopies. Here we report the preliminary results of this work.
文摘The glycosidation reactions of D-glucose with ethanol have been carried out over a reusable and separable heterogeneous catalyst, namely, ion exchange resin. Detailed kinetic data for these reactions are reported. A complex reaction model has been developed for interpreting the data. The reactions were found to be global second-order reactions and first -order with respect to each component. Meanwhile, a new regression method is applied to determine the rate constant from time-dependent profiles.
文摘The kinetics of the reaction of [Ni(PnAO)—6H]° with formaldehyde was studied in H_2O—CH_3OH solution under neutral condition and a complicated mechanism with three steps including competitive, consecutive and reverse reactions was proposed.
文摘In an acidic solution the mixed polynuclear complexes could be formed by association of rareearth-arsenazo Ⅲ complexing anions with copper o-phenanthrolinate cations.In this paper the formationconditions of lanthanum-arsenazo Ⅲ-copper-o-phenanthroline complex and its related reaction mechanismhave been studied in detail.The complex exhibits an absorption maximum at 663 nm and its apparent molarabsorptivity is found to be 1.22×105L·mol-1·cm-1.The molar ratio of the components in the complex isestimated to be La:arsenazo Ⅲ:Cu:Phen=1:1:1:3.Its possible molecular formula can expressed as[Cu(Phen)3](La-arsenazo Ⅲ).The reaction is used to determine micro amounts of lanthanum(or rareearths)in copper containning synthetic samples and satisfactory results are obtained.
基金This work has been Sponsored by CNPC Innovation Found(Grant No.2021DQ02-0202)Besides,the authors gratefully appreciate the financial support of the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Grant No.2462020XKBH013)Financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52174046)is also significantly acknowledged.
文摘Conformance control and water plugging are a widely used EOR method in mature oilfields.However,majority of conformance control and water plugging agents are unavoidable dehydrated situation in high-temperature and high-salinity low permeability reservoirs.Consequently,a novel conformance control system HPF-Co gel,based on high-temperature stabilizer(CoCl_(2)·H_(2)O,CCH)is developed.The HPF-Co bulk gel has better performances with high temperature(120℃)and high salinity(1×10^(5)mg/L).According to Sydansk coding system,the gel strength of HPF-Co with CCH is increased to code G.The dehydration rate of HPF-Co gel is 32.0%after aging for 150 d at 120℃,showing excellent thermal stability.The rheological properties of HPF gel and HPF-Co gel are also studied.The results show that the storage modulus(G′)of HPF-Co gel is always greater than that of HPF gel.The effect of CCH on the microstructure of the gel is studied.The results show that the HPF-Co gel with CCH has a denser gel network,and the diameter of the three-dimensional network skeleton is 1.5-3.5μm.After 90 d of aging,HPF-Co gel still has a good three-dimensional structure.Infrared spectroscopy results show that CCH forms coordination bonds with N and O atoms in the gel amide group,which can suppress the vibration of cross-linked sites and improve the stability at high temperature.Fractured core plugging test determines the optimized polymer gel injection strategy and injection velocity with HPF-Co bulk gel system,plugging rate exceeding 98%.Moreover,the results of subsequent waterflooding recovery can be improved by 17%.
文摘The platinum (II) complexes of the [Pt (N4,N7-Ribavirin) (DMSO) Cl], [Pt (N4,N7-De-oxyribavirin) (DMSO) Cl] were obtained by the reactions of cis-[Pt (DMSO)2 Cl2] and K[Pt (DMSO) Cl3] with 1-??-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (Ribavirin) and its deoxy-analogue (deoxyribavirin). The preparation of 1-(2'-deoxy-?-D-ribofuranosyl) -1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide was also performed through a four-step procedure, protection of 3', 5'-dihydroxyl group of Ribavirin with 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane (TPDS-Cl), phenoxythio-carbonylation of the 2'-hydroxyl group of 3', 5'-O-TPDS-Ribavirin with phenoxythiocarbonyl-chloride (PTC-Cl), reduction of 2′-O-phenoxythiocarbonyl ester of 3', 5'-O-TPDS-Ribavirin with tri-n-butyltin hydride and AIBN, deprotection of 3', 5'-O-TPDS-Ribavirin with tetrabutylammon-ium fluoride in THF.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21501178)Natural Science Funds of Fujian Province(No.2014H0055)for financial support of this work
文摘Two novel complexes, namely {[Cd(AIP)(4,4'-bpy)]·1.3DMF}n(1) and [Cd(AIP)(2,2'- bpy)]n(2), have been synthesized through solvothermal reaction(H2AIP = 5-aminoisophthalic acid, 2,2'-bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, 4,4'-bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine, and DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide) and structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 shows a three-dimensional(3D) layer-pillar framework with rectangular channels, while complex 2 displays a two-dimensional(2D) wave net architecture. Furthermore, 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra(IR), thermal gravimetric analyses(TGA) and fluorescence measurements. The luminescent properties of 1 dispersed in various organic solvents have been investigated systematically, demonstrating high selectivity for acetone via the fluorescence quenching effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.20433050&20203017).
文摘With ever-increasing attentions being paid to complex systems such as the life system, soft matter, and nano-systems, theoretical studies of non-equilibrium nonlinear problems involved in chemical dynamics are now of general interest. In this mini-review, we mainly give a brief introduction to some frontier topics in this field, namely, nonlinear state-state dynamics, nonlinear chemical dynamics on complex networks, and nonlinear dynamics in mesoscopic chemical reaction systems. Deep study of these topics will make great contribution to discovering new laws of chemical dynamics, to exploring new control methods of complex chemical processes, to figuring out the very roles of chemical proc-esses in the life system, and to crosslinking the scientific study of chemistry, physics and biology.