Application Strategies of the Bracket Set in Modern Architectural Design

The Bracket Set(dougong)is an important aspect of traditional Chinese architecture known for its exquisite structure,complexity,and rich variations.This design element has been used since the Qin and Han Dynasties and is still prevalent today.It highlights hierarchy and spiritual connotations in the design of a building.This article explores the application of Bracket Set elements in modern architectural design.It analyzes the specific application strategies of this design element,highlighting its value in modern architecture.The goal is to provide modern architectural designers with multiple perspectives and strategies to fully utilize the advantages of Bracket Set elements in architectural design and enhance the artistic value of their work.

Design Mode for Component-based Virtual Plant Software

According to the morphological structure characteristics of plants, the de- velopment mode for component-based virtual plants software was put forward, and the internal structure of plant organs component under this mode were analyzed, thereby, the overall design mode for virtual plants software was given out, and its characteristics were estimated. Compared with traditional development modes of virtual plants software, component-based virtual plants software had significant advantages in code reusing, development efficiency and expansion of software functions.

Discussion and Practice of Exam-oriented Skills in Landscape "Quick Design"

Landscape quick design is an important approach to test students' scheme performance ability,and also a vital issue in current landscape design teaching.The study has discussed methods to improve ability for quick design in short time and employment competition of students of landscape major.By taking landscaping skill competition training in higher vocational schools of Zhejiang Province for example,from the perspective of characteristics of quick design,quick design training has been divided into six modules which are basic quality,schematic design,design theme,plants disposition,drawing effect and exam-oriented strategies;key points of training and exam-oriented strategies of each module have been illustrated at length;and finally five stages of training process have been listed,providing new thought for teaching of landscape quick design.

Performance-based seismic design of nonstructural building components:The next frontier of earthquake engineering

With the development and implementation of performance-based earthquake engineering,harmonization of performance levels between structural and nonstructural components becomes vital. Even if the structural components of a building achieve a continuous or immediate occupancy performance level after a seismic event,failure of architectural,mechanical or electrical components can lower the performance level of the entire building system. This reduction in performance caused by the vulnerability of nonstructural components has been observed during recent earthquakes worldwide. Moreover,nonstructural damage has limited the functionality of critical facilities,such as hospitals,following major seismic events. The investment in nonstructural components and building contents is far greater than that of structural components and framing. Therefore,it is not surprising that in many past earthquakes,losses from damage to nonstructural components have exceeded losses from structural damage. Furthermore,the failure of nonstructural components can become a safety hazard or can hamper the safe movement of occupants evacuating buildings,or of rescue workers entering buildings. In comparison to structural components and systems,there is relatively limited information on the seismic design of nonstructural components. Basic research work in this area has been sparse,and the available codes and guidelines are usually,for the most part,based on past experiences,engineering judgment and intuition,rather than on objective experimental and analytical results. Often,design engineers are forced to start almost from square one after each earthquake event: to observe what went wrong and to try to prevent repetitions. This is a consequence of the empirical nature of current seismic regulations and guidelines for nonstructural components. This review paper summarizes current knowledge on the seismic design and analysis of nonstructural building components,identifying major knowledge gaps that will need to be filled by future research. Furthermore,considering recent trends in earthquake engineering,the paper explores how performance-based seismic design might be conceived for nonstructural components,drawing on recent developments made in the field of seismic design and hinting at the specific considerations required for nonstructural components.

Design, Analysis and R&D of the EAST In-Vessel Components

In-vessel components are important parts of the EAST superconducting tokamak. They include the plasma facing components, passive plates, cryo-pumps, in-vessel coils, etc. The structural design, analysis and related R＆D have been completed. The divertor is designed in an up-down symmetric configuration to accommodate both double null and single null plasma operation. Passive plates are used for plasma movement control. In-vessel coils are used for the active control of plasma vertical movements. Each cryo-pump can provide an approximately 45 m^3/s pumping rate at a pressure of 10^-1 Pa for particle exhaust. Analysis shows that, when a plasma current of 1 MA disrupts in 3 ms, the EM loads caused by the eddy current and the halo current in a vertical displacement event （VDE） will not generate an unacceptable stress on the divertor structure. The bolted divertor thermal structure with an active cooling system can sustain a load of 2 MW/m^2 up to a 60 s operation if the plasma facing surface temperature is limited to 1500 ℃. Thermal testing and structural optimization testing were conducted to demonstrate the analysis results.

A Task-oriented Modular and Agent-based Collaborative Design Mechanism for Distributed Product Development

The rapid expansion of enterprises makes product collaborative design （PCD） a critical issue under the distributed heterogeneous environment, but as the collaborative task of large-scale network becomes more complicated, neither unified task decomposition and allocation methodology nor Agent-based network management platform can satisfy the increasing demands. In this paper, to meet requirements of PCD for distributed product development, a collaborative design mechanism based on the thought of modularity and the Agent technology is presented. First, the top-down 4-tier process model based on task-oriented modular and Agent is constructed for PCD after analyzing the mapping relationships between requirements and functions in the collaborative design. Second, on basis of sub-task decomposition for PCD based on a mixed method, the mathematic model of task-oriented modular based on multi-objective optimization is established to maximize the module cohesion degree and minimize the module coupling degree, while considering the module executable degree as a restriction. The mathematic model is optimized and simulated by the modified PSO, and the decomposed modules are obtained. Finally, the Agent structure model for collaborative design is put forward, and the optimism matching Agents are selected by using similarity algorithm to implement different task-modules by the integrated reasoning and decision-making mechanism with the behavioral model of collaborative design Agents. With the results of experimental studies for automobile collaborative design, the feasibility and efficiency of this methodology of task-oriented modular and Agent-based collaborative design in the distributed heterogeneous environment are verified. On this basis, an integrative automobile collaborative R＆D platform is developed. This research provides an effective platform for automobile manufacturing enterprises to achieve PCD, and helps to promote product numeralization collaborative R＆D and management development.

USING LOGIC COMPONENTS FOR CONCEPTUAL DIE DESIGN

Logic components are used to support the conceptual design Taking the stamping die structure as the research object,several logic components are defined for the conceptual die construction design A new method logic assembly modeling is presented to satisfy the characteristic of the top down die design process Representing shapes and spatial relations in logic can provide a natural,intuitive method of developing complete computer systems for reasoning about die construction design at the conceptual stage This method can reflect the designer's thought clearly and provide the designer with a test bed for generating alternatives and performing reasoning work at the conceptual die design stage

Effects of granulation process variables on the physical properties of dosage forms by combination of experimental design and principal component analysis

The current study was to understand how process variables of high shear wet granulations affect physical properties of granules and tablets. The knowledge gained was intended to be used for Quality-by-Design based process design and optimization. The variables were selected based on the risk assessment as impeller speed, liquid addition rate, and wet massing time. Formulation compositions were kept constant to minimize their influence on granules properties. Multiple linear regression models were built providing understanding of the impact of each variable on granule hardness, Carr’s index, tablet tensile strength, surface mean diameter of granules, and compression behavior. The experimental results showed that the impact of impeller speed was more dominant compared to wet massing time and water addition rate. The results also revealed that quality of granules and tablets could be optimized by adjusting specific process variables(impeller speed 1193 rpm, water spray rate 3.7 ml/min, and wet massing time 2.84 min). Overall desirability was 0.84 suggesting that the response values were closer to the target one. The SEM image of granules showed that spherical and smooth granules produced at higher impeller speed, whereas rough and irregular shape granules at lower speed. Moreover, multivariate data analysis demonstrated that impeller speed and massing time had strong correlation with the granule and tablet properties. In overall, the combined experimental design and principal component analysis approach allowed to better understand the correlation between process variables and granules and tablet attributes.

Research on Optimal Design for Reliability of Fuze Components

Reliability optimal design is an integrated approach widely adopted in engineering. The fuze components are designed by a BP neural network combined with an optimal design approach based on their multi-failure modes. Their reliability probabilities in multi-failure modes are transformed into deterministic design parameters. The designed results by an example of optimizing the fuze spring under a certain reliability show that the integrated approach is practical and efficient.

Product Family Design Methodology Using Object-Oriented Approach

The serious competition environment of global marke t requests the enterprise to change traditional product development strategy and a dopt new theory in order to meet diverse customer needs while maintaining near m ass production efficiency, which is the main philosophy of mass customization. P roduct family design is research focus at present and also is the core technolog y of DFMC (design for mass customization). Firstly, this paper explores the fund amental issues of product family, such as concepts of modularity, commonality/di versity, product platform and product family architecture etc. We compare the te rminology between product family and object-oriented approach in the next step. Thirdly, this paper puts forwards one product family design methodology based o n product platform and under different phase of product life cycle constrains, f or example, functional, assembly and service etc. At the end section of this pap er, we applied, the object-oriented approach in above mentioned product family design methodology to realize the design process. In one word, this paper propos ed one product family design methodology based on object oriented approach and p roduct life cycle consideration, especially the conjointness of characteristic o f OOA and concepts of product family. The main property of OOA are encapsulation , inherence and polymorphism. Encapsulation can represent the module or building blocks of product family. Inherence can be extended to describe the modularity and commonality, and also be used to construct variant space. Alternative specif ic of product family architecture can be embodied with polymorphism. And fin aly, we give the future work contents. In order to derive the product platform a nd achieve modularity and commonality/diversity, interface management between bu ilding block is necessary. The question is how the OOA can be applied in interfa ce management to get our aim OOA is the basis of many information management sy stem, then the question is how to build one system to manage the information of product family and support mass customization The third question is how to deve lop one computer aided tool to facilitate the application of OOA for product fam ily design, even be used to category of design for mass customization.

Optimization of Quality Consistency Problem of Electromechanical Component due to Manufacturing Uncertainties with a Novel Tolerance Design Method

The consistency problem caused by uncertainties in manufacturing process is a significant factor influencing the quality of electromechanical components. Currently, there are two approaches for reducing the influence of uncertainties. The first one is to improve the resistance capability of design scheme by using robust parameter design( RPD) method with nonlinear feature of controllable factors. The second one is to control the influence of uncertainties by using robust tolerance design( RTD) method with quality loss function,setting the optimal tolerance with the minimum total product loss as the objective. However, as for the electromechanical component, it is difficult to achieve nonlinear region owing to the restrictions of design parameters. In addition,the establishment of cost function in manufacturing process is also confronted by practical difficulties. In order to solve the quality consistency problem under the influence of manufacturing uncertainties,a novel tolerance design method was proposed for the electromechanical components. Through the experiment design and contribution rate analysis, key factors influencing the quality consistency were determined,and the tolerance allocation scheme was confirmed according to the consistency objective of quality.Then, quality distribution characteristics before and after the consistency optimization were analyzed and verified through the Monte Carlo stochastic simulation. The application result of electromagnetic relay proves the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.

Innovative Design of Sustainable Landscapes Integrating People-oriented,History,and Ecology

Sustainable landscape is the only trend of future landscape development,it is of realistic significance to guide landscape architects to engage in sustainable landscape design.In this study,landscape design experience in recent years was summarized and analyzed by studying relevant design cases,then innovative design of sustainable landscapes integrating people-oriented,history and ecology was proposed to help landscape architects or beginners confused about the complex design techniques to figure out the design orientation.

Object-Oriented Design for FDTD Visual Scientific Computing

A scheme for general purposed FDTD visual scientific computing software is introduced in this paper using object-oriented design (OOD) method. By abstracting the parameters of FDTD grids to an individual class and separating from the iteration procedure, the visual software can be adapted to more comprehensive computing problems. Real-time gray degree graphic and wave curve of the results can be achieved using DirectX technique. The special difference equation and data structure in dispersive medium are considered, and the peculiarity of parameters in perfectly matched layer are also discussed.

Quantifying Reusability of Object Oriented Design: A Testability Perspective

The quality factor of class diagram is critical because it has a significant influence on overall quality of the product, delivered finally. Testability analysis, when done early in the software creation process, is a criterion of critical importance to software quality. Reusability is an important quality factor to testability. Its early measurement in object oriented software especially at design phase, allows a design to be reapplied to a new problem without much extra effort. This research paper proposes a research framework for quantification process and does an extensive review on reusability of object oriented software. A metrics based model “Reusability Quantification of Object Oriented Design” has been proposed by establishing the relationship among design properties and reusability and justifying the correlation with the help of statistical measures. Also, “Reusability Quantification Model” is empirically validated and contextual significance of the study shows the high correlation for model acceptance. This research paper facilitates to software developers and designer, the inclusion of reusability quantification model to access and quantify software reusability for quality product.

Detecting Design Patterns in Object-Oriented Program Source Code by Using Metrics and Machine Learning

Detecting well-known design patterns in object-oriented program source code can help maintainers understand the design of a program. Through the detection, the understandability, maintainability, and reusability of object-oriented programs can be improved. There are automated detection techniques;however, many existing techniques are based on static analysis and use strict conditions composed on class structure data. Hence, it is difficult for them to detect and distinguish design patterns in which the class structures are similar. Moreover, it is difficult for them to deal with diversity in design pattern applications. To solve these problems in existing techniques, we propose a design pattern detection technique using source code metrics and machine learning. Our technique judges candidates for the roles that compose design patterns by using machine learning and measurements of several metrics, and it detects design patterns by analyzing the relations between candidates. It suppresses false negatives and distinguishes patterns in which the class structures are similar. As a result of experimental evaluations with a set of programs, we confirmed that our technique is more accurate than two conventional techniques.

Structural Analysis and Design of Steel Connections Using Component-Based Finite Element Model

This paper introduces CBFEM （component-based finite element model） which is a new method to analyze and design connections of steel structures. Design focused CM （component model） is compared to FEM （finite elements models）. Procedure for composition of a model based on usual production process is used in CBFEM. Its results are compared to those obtained by component method for portal frame eaves moment connection with good agreement. Design of moment resistant column base is demonstrated by a case loaded by two directional bending moments and normal force. Interaction of several connections in one complex joint is explained in the last example. This paper aims to provide structural engineers with a new tool to effectively analyze and design various joints of steel structures.

Discussion on Reverse Design of Components with Complex Curved Surface and Computer Numerical Control Machining

With the continuous development and advancement of science and technology,the work of tool path planning has received extensive attention.Among them,curved surface generation and data processing are the focus of management and design,which necessitate the full application of reverse design of complex curved surface components to complete numerical control processing,effective optimization and upgrading,integration the tasks of point cloud data collection,and point cloud data processing to ensure that the corresponding computer numerical control machining model can exert its actual value.This paper briefly analyzes the basic principles of curved surface reconstruction as well as discusses the reverse design of complex curved components and the experimental processes and results that involved computer numerical control machining,which serves the purpose as reference only.

Framework for a System of Systems Design Oriented to Evolution

A framework was proposed for designing a system of systems(SoS) that takes account of the system' s evolution over time.Given the design space of the SoS analysis,construct a multiepoch scenario design,SoS optimization,and robust designs.A hybrid model based on multi-agent and system dynamic models was used to analyze the evolution of an SoS and find robust designs.The framework can help decision makers generate a robust SoS structure based on the SoS' s capabilities over multiple epochs.

Knowledge-based System Prototype in Structural Component Design Based on FM

A knowledge-based system in structural component design based on fracture mechanics is developed in this paper. The system consists of several functional parts: a general inference engine, a set of knowledge bases and data-bases, an interpretation engine, a bases administration system and the interface. It can simulate a human expert to make analysis and design scheme mainly for four kinds of typical structural components widely used in shipbuilding industry: pressure vessels, huge rotation constructions, pump-rod and welded structures. It is an open system which may be broadened and perfected to cover a wider range of engineering application through the modification and enlargement of knowledge bases and data-bases. It has a natural and friendly interface that may be easily operated. An on-line help service is also provided.

The System for Managing Reusable Object-Oriented Software Components

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