Experimental bio-artificial liver:Importance of the architectural design on ammonia detoxification performance

AIM To determine the influence of the construction design over the biological component's performance in an experimental bio-artificial liver(BAL) device.METHODS Two BAL models for liver microorgans(LMOs) were constructed. First, we constructed a cylindrical BAL and tested it without the biological component to establish its correct functioning. Samples of blood and biological compartment(BC) fluid were taken after 0, 60, and 120 min of perfusion. Osmolality, hematocrit, ammonia and glucose concentrations, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release(as a LMO viability parameter), and oxygen consumption and ammonia metabolizing capacity(as LMO functionality parameters) were determined. CPSI and OTC gene expression and function were measured. The second BAL, a "flat bottom" model, was constructed using a 25 cm2 culture flask while maintaining all other components between the models. The BC of both BALs had the same capacity(approximately 50 cm3) and both were manipulated with the same perfusion system. The performances of the two BALs were compared to show the influence of architecture.RESULTS The cylindrical BAL showed a good exchange of fluids and metabolites between blood and the BC, reflected by the matching of osmolalities, and glucose and ammonia concentration ratios after 120 min of perfusion. No hemoconcentration was detected, the hematocrit levels remained stable during the whole study, and the minimal percentage of hemolysis(0.65% ± 0.10%) observed was due to the action of the peristaltic pump. When LMOs were used as biological component of this BAL they showed similar values to the ones obtained in a Normothermic Reoxygenation System(NRS) for almost all the parameters assayed. After 120 min, the results obtained were: LDH release(%): 14.7 ± 3.1 in the BAL and 15.5 ± 3.2 in the NRS(n = 6); oxygen consumption(μmol/min?g wet tissue): 1.16 ± 0.21 in the BAL and 0.84 ± 0.15 in the NRS(n = 6); relative expression of Cps1 and Otc: 0.63 ± 0.12 and 0.67 ± 0.20, respectively, in the BAL, and 0.86 ± 0.10 and 0.82 ± 0.07, respectively, in the NRS(n = 3); enzymatic activity of CPSI and OTC(U/g wet tissue): 3.03 ± 0.86 and 222.0 ± 23.5, respectively, in the BAL, and 3.12 ± 0.73 and 228.8 ± 32.8, respectively, in the NRS(n = 3). In spite of these similarities, LMOs as a biological component of the cylindrical BAL were not able to detoxify ammonia at a significant level(not detected vs 35.1% ± 7.0% of the initial 1 mM NH4+ dose in NRS, n = 6). Therefore, we built a second BAL with an entirely different design that offers a flat base BC. When LMOs were placed in this "flat bottom"device they were able to detoxify 49.3% ± 8.8% of the initial ammonia overload after 120 min of perfusion(n = 6), with a detoxification capacity of 13.2 ± 2.2 μmol/g wet tissue.CONCLUSION In this work, we demonstrate the importance of adapting the BAL architecture to the biological component characteristics to obtain an adequate BAL performance.

Sarcopenic obesity in patients awaiting liver transplant: Unique challenges for nutritional recommendations

Sarcopenic obesity increases the risk of mortality in patients with liver disease awaiting liver transplantation and in the post-transplant period.Nutrition recommendations for individuals with sarcopenia differ from recommendations for patients with obesity or sarcopenic obesity.While these nutrition guidelines have been established in non-cirrhotic patients,established guidelines for liver transplant candidates with sarcopenic obesity are lacking.In this paper,we review existing literature on sarcopenic obesity in patients with chronic liver disease and address opportunities to improve nutritional counseling in patients awaiting liver transplantation.

Diversity, Distribution Pattern and Conservation Status of the Plants Used in Liver Diseases/Ailments in Indian Himalayan Region

In the Indian Himalayan Region, th studies focused on diversity of the plants used fo treating liver diseases/ailments have not been carried out so far. Therefore, the present attempt has been made to study the diversity, distribution pattern and conservation status of the plant species used fo treating liver diseases/ailments in that region. A tota of 138 species (35 species of trees, 22 shrubs and 8 herbs) belonging to 98 genera in 60 families hav been recorded. Amongst the families, Euphorbiacea (9 species), and altitudinal zone <1,800 m, (i.e., 11 species) are rich in species. Traditionally, variou plant parts, such as roots/rhizomes/tubers (46 species), leaves (31), whole plants (30), barks (15) fruits (13), seeds and unspecified parts (8 each), and inflorescence (1) are used for the treatment of live diseases/ailments. 34 species are native, 3 ar endemic and 15 near endemic. 7 species ar categorized as Critically Endangered (Betula utilis) Endangered (Podophyllum hexandrum, Ephedra gerardiana, and Nardostachys grandiflora) and Vulnerable (Bergenia ligulata, B. stracheyi, and Hedychium spicatum) using new IUCN criteria Available chemical composition of plant parts used fo the treatment of liver diseases/ailments have beengiven. Assessment of the populations of threatened species, development of an appropriate strategy, action plan for the conservation and sustainable utilization of such components of plant diversity are suggested.

Reduced upper limb lean mass on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry predicts adverse outcomes in male liver transplant recipients

BACKGROUND Pre-transplant muscle wasting measured by computed tomography has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes after liver transplantation including increased rates of sepsis and hospitalisation days.Upper limb lean mass(LM)measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA)was recently identified as a novel predictor of sarcopenia-associated mortality in men waitlisted for transplantation.AIM To investigate the use of DEXA LM in predicting gender-stratified early posttransplant outcomes.METHODS Liver transplant recipients who underwent pre-transplant DEXA body composition imaging between 2002 and 2017 were included.Endpoints included posttransplant mortality and graft failure,bacterial infections,acute cellular rejection(ACR)and intensive care and total hospital length of stay.RESULTS Four hundred and sixty-nine patients met inclusion criteria of which 338 were male(72%).Median age was 55.0 years(interquartile range 47.4,59.7)and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score 16.Median time from assessment to transplantation was 7 mo(3.5,12).Upper limb LM was inversely associated with bacterial infections at 180 d post-transplant(hazard ratio=0.42;95%confidence interval:0.20-0.89;P=0.024)in males only.There was a negative correlation between upper limb LM and intensive care(τb=-0.090,P=0.015)and total hospital length of stay(τb=-0.10,P=0.0078)in men.In women,neither MELD nor body composition parameters were associated with post-transplant adverse outcomes or increased length of stay.Body composition parameters,MELD and age were not associated with 90-d mortality or graft failure in either gender.There were no significant predictors of early ACR.CONCLUSION Sarcopenia is an independent and potentially modifiable predictor of increased post-transplant bacterial infections and hospital length of stay in men with cirrhosis.DEXA upper limb LM provides a novel measure of muscle wasting that has prognostic value in this cohort.The lack of association in women requires further investigation.

Effects of nocturnal snacks on body composition in patients with liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND Patients with liver cirrhosis are universally malnourished and the nocturnal snacks intervention is the currently recommended nutritional intervention for patients with liver cirrhosis.Body composition is an important indicator for the assessment of nutritional conditions.We investigated the effects of nocturnal snacks(200 kcal/day)for 3 months on body composition in patients with liver cirrhosis.Seventy patients with liver cirrhosis and 30 healthy controls were enrolled,and differences in body composition were detected using InBody 720,a body composition analyzer.The patients were further randomized into a normal diet group(three meals a day)and nocturnal snacks group(three meals a day+nocturnal snacks).The effect of nocturnal snacks on the body composition of patients with cirrhosis was assessed after 3 months of intervention.RESULTS Body fat mass(BFM),skeletal muscle mass(SMM),fat free mass,visceral fat area(VFA),and body cell mass(BCM)were significantly lower in the liver cirrhosis patients than in the healthy controls.After 3 months’intervention,BFM,VFA and BCM were significantly higher in the nocturnal snacks group than in the normal diet group,with no significant differences in total caloric intake and daily activity.However,there was no significant difference in SMM between the nocturnal snacks and normal diet groups.CONCLUSION Long-term nocturnal snacks may improve body composition indices such as BFM,VFA and BCM in patients with cirrhosis.However,the improvement was minor for SMM.

Phase angle and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease before and after bariatric surgery

BACKGROUND Obesity is a global health problem that is continuing to increase in the young population.In Brazil,the frequency of obesity in 2018 was 19.8%.Several comorbidities are directly associated with obesity,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),which is considered the most common liver disorder in Western countries and affects up to 46%of adults.Bariatric surgery is effective in treating obesity and can improve NAFLD;however,the effect of bariatric surgery on body composition,phase angle(PA),and improving NAFLD needs to be further studied.AIM To analyze the PA in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery and to correlate it with changes in body composition and liver disease.METHODS This study is a retrospective cohort study of the analysis of the medical records of patients undergoing bariatric surgery in a reference center of a teaching hospital in Porto Alegre over a 2-year period.Patients older than 18 years whose record contained all information relevant to the study were included.The data analyzed were body composition and PA through electrical bioimpedance and NAFLD through liver biopsy in the pre-and postoperative period.The level of significance adopted for the statistical analyses was 5%.RESULTS We evaluated 379 patients with preoperative data.Regarding PA,169 patients were analyzed,and 33 patients had liver biopsy pre-and postoperatively with NAFLD information.In total,79.4%were female,with a mean age of 39.1±10.6 years.The average body mass index(BMI)was 45.9±7.5 kg/m².The PA showed a mean of 5.8±0.62°in the preoperative period and a significant reduction in the postoperative period.A postoperative reduction in body composition data(skeletal muscle mass,fat percentage,fat mass,body cell mass,BMI and visceral fat area)was shown as well.Regarding liver disease,all patients presented a reduction in the degrees and stages of liver disease in the postoperative period,and some had no degree of liver disease at all.CONCLUSION PA decreased after bariatric surgery,with a direct correlation with weight loss and changes in body composition.The decrease in PA was not correlated with the improvement in NAFLD.

血管内皮生长因子与人体成分分析仪指标对脂肪肝患者的检测意义

目的研究血管内皮生长因子与人体成分分析仪对脂肪肝患者的检测意义。方法研究选取2022年1月—2023年1月钦州市第一人民医院健康体检部的100例脂肪肝患者作为研究组,同时抽取入院体检的100例健康体检者作为对照组。对比两组患者血管内皮生长因子以及人体成分分析仪检查结果。结果研究组患者的体脂率、腰围均比对照组明显增加,但骨骼肌含量却比对照组明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);研究组血清中血管内皮生长因子(123.09±22.33)ng/L高于对照组(76.28±4.43)ng/L,差异有统计学意义(t=60.640,P<0.05)。结论血管内皮生长因子与人体成分分析仪检测指标,对于脂肪肝患者检测具有重要意义。

肝癌患者术前营养风险评估及营养干预对体成分的影响

目的:分析术前营养风险评估以及针对性营养干预对肝癌患者体成分的影响。方法:选取2021年6月至2023年1月116例行手术治疗的肝癌患者,对入选患者均行营养风险筛查,本次研究通过量表评估,根据评估结果分为营养风险组(评分≥3分)与营养正常组(评分<3分),比较两组营养指标、实验室指标、体成分指标差异;并对观察组展开个性化的营养干预,比较观察组干预前后各指标的变化;最后比较两组并发症差异。结果:①营养风险组体重、体重指数、血清营养指标、脂肪含量低于营养正常组,凝血酶原时间长于营养正常组,浮肿指数高于营养正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②营养风险组干预后各指标优于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);③两组术后并发症发生率相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:对于肝癌手术患者展开术前营养风险评估,可以及时对营养不良患者展开个性化营养干预,改善患者的体成分状况,有望降低患者术后并发症风险,但仍需大样本多中心研究证实。

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术及肝纤维化细胞模型的肝爽颗粒抗肝纤维化的药效成分筛选研究

目的 通过多技术联用的方法筛选肝爽颗粒抗肝纤维化的药效成分。方法 采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术和UNIFI软件,根据质谱相对分子质量、裂解规律、文献报道等方法对肝爽颗粒70%醇提取物和大鼠灌胃后血清中化学物质质谱碎片信息进行分析,以明确其药效物质基础。使用转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)(10 ng·mL^(-1))诱导肝星状细胞(HSC-T6)构建肝纤维化细胞模型,采用细胞增殖检测(CCK-8)法检测各组细胞增殖情况。结果 在肝爽颗粒提取液中共鉴定出84 个化学成分,在大鼠给药后的血清中共鉴定出21个原形成分,其中党参碱、柴胡皂苷A、柴胡皂苷D、木犀草素、山柰酚、黄芩苷等均可抑制肝星状细胞生长,为肝爽颗粒抗肝纤维化的药效成分。结论 本研究阐明了肝爽颗粒抗肝纤维化的药效物质基础,可为肝爽颗粒保肝作用机制及产品质量控制研究提供参考。

猪肝蛋白复合膜性能及其在肉品保鲜中的应用

目的:开发一种以猪肝为主要原料的新型天然食品保鲜剂。方法:以水溶性猪肝蛋白(WSLP)、盐溶性猪肝蛋白(SSLP)和壳聚糖(CS)制备可食性复合膜,通过测定机械性能、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、微观结构等对可食膜组分之间进行多角度研究,并将其用于猪肉保鲜,通过对比猪肉冷藏过程中理化指标的变化探究复合膜的保鲜性能。结果:随着WSLP和SSLP的加入,可食膜的机械性能呈先升高后降低的趋势,当添加量为40%时膜的性能最佳,其膜厚分别为(0.267±0.00143),(0.264±0.00121)mm,拉伸强度分别为(9.63±0.29),(4.43±0.37)MPa,断裂延伸率分别为(58.37±0.90)%,(28.24±0.63)%,均与CS膜差异显著(P<0.05);40%的WSLP和SSLP能最大程度提升膜基质间的相互交联,其制得的复合膜表面光滑平整,微观结构最佳。猪肉冷藏12 d后,40%SSLP复合膜的保鲜性能最佳,其pH、菌落总数、TVB-N值及TBARS值均为最小。结论:40%WSLP和SSLP制得的复合膜各项性能均最佳。

多囊卵巢综合征患者体成分对肝、肾功能和血脂的影响

目的分析多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)女性患者体成分对肝、肾功能和血脂的影响。方法本研究为横断面、病例对照研究,招募2020年10月至2023年12月于首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院内分泌科就诊的678例20~40岁的育龄期女性作为研究对象。根据2004年国际鹿特丹标准,将研究对象分为PCOS组(n=578)和对照组(n=100)。测量身高、体质量、腰围、臀围,并计算身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、测量体脂百分比(body fat percentage,BFP)、检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、肌酐(creatinine,Cre)、尿酸(uric acid,UA)、尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)、脂蛋白(a)[lipoprotein(a),LP(a)]。并分析PCOS体成分对肝功能的影响。结果PCOS组体质量、腰围、BMI均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),PCOS组ALT、AST、UA也高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);PCOS组BUN、Cre、HDL-C与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义。PCOS组BFP高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),64.07%PCOS患者伴有超重或者肥胖。PCOS组转氨酶异常率高达12.8%,超重肥胖的PCOS患者转氨酶异常率高达17.86%,显著高于瘦型PCOS组和对照组(P均<0.05)。关于血脂方面,PCOS患者TC、TG、LDL-C、LP(a)均显著高于对照组。结论PCOS患者尤其是那些超重或肥胖者,面临更高的肝功能受损风险和血脂异常问题。因此,针对PCOS患者的管理应特别关注其体成分对肝、肾功能和血脂的影响,通过控制体质量、改善胰岛素抵抗、调节饮食和增加运动,有助于提高PCOS患者的整体健康状况和远期生命质量。

鸭肝油脂提取工艺优化及其品质分析

探究粗制鸭肝油脂的最佳提取工艺,考察精炼工艺主要参数对鸭肝油脂精炼效果的影响,并分析精炼过程中脂肪酸组成及含量变化。结果表明:最优提取工艺为料液比4∶1(g/mL)、无水乙醇与正己烷体积比1∶1、超声温度50℃、超声时间30 min,在此条件下,鸭肝油脂提取率55.74%;最佳精炼工艺为脱胶水添加量(以粗制鸭肝油脂质量计)10%、脱酸超碱量(以脱胶油质量计)0.6%、活性白土用量(以脱酸油质量计)10%、真空脱臭2.0 h。精炼后油脂的酸价为1.17 mg/g,过氧化值为0.1538 g/100 g;鸭肝油脂中共检测出16种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸5种,单不饱和脂肪酸4种,多不饱和脂肪酸7种。

基于转录组研究饥饿对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)生长和代谢的影响

大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)作为我国产量最高、养殖规模最大的海水养殖鱼类,长时间不合理的饥饿易导致养殖效率低下,因此,需要合理控制越冬禁食时间。为了探究饥饿对大黄鱼的影响,在水温9.0~14.3℃条件下进行了饥饿0、8、16周的越冬养殖实验,研究了低温与饥饿双重胁迫下的大黄鱼生长、体成分、抗氧化酶活力以及相关基因的表达。结果显示,随着饥饿时间的延长,大黄鱼的肝体比(HSI)、脏体比(VSI)、肌肉和全鱼的粗脂肪和粗蛋白以及肝糖原含量显著降低(P<0.05),肌糖原含量无显著变化(P>0.05)。肝脏抗氧化酶丙二醛(MDA)活性先升高后降低;谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著降低(P<0.05),甘油三酯(TG)含量显著上升(P<0.05)。转录组分析结果显示,相比对照组,饥饿后差异基因显著下调,GO分析发现,饥饿后差异基因主要富集在脂质代谢过程、脂肪酸生物合成和补体激活等方面。聚类分析表明,饥饿16周后,脂肪代谢通路中肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1 (CPT1)、线粒体三功能酶β亚基(HADHB)、肉碱棕榈酰转移酶2 (CPT2)基因的相对表达水平升高,而脂肪酸延长酶(HACD)、脂肪酸合成酶(FASN)、5-氨基乙酰丙酸合成酶(ALAS)基因的相对表达水平下降;免疫代谢通路中丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(SERP)、纤维蛋白原-1 (FGG-1)、纤维蛋白原-3 (FGG-3)、纤维蛋白原β (FGB)基因的相对表达水平也降低,qRT-PCR也证实了以上结果。综上所述,越冬期间,长时间的饥饿将抑制大黄鱼的生长和免疫相关基因的表达,促进其肝脏抗氧化能力和脂质代谢相关基因的表达。

慢性乙型肝炎合并代谢相关脂肪性肝病与中医体质、人体成分的相关性研究

【目的】探讨慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(CHB)代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)的中医体质分布特点,探索MAFLD与中医体质、人体成分的相关性,并确定其在CHB患者中对合并MAFLD的预测价值。【方法】采用回顾性研究方法,收集2022年1月至2023年12月期间于广东省中西医结合医院肝病科门诊就诊且符合CHB诊断标准的235例患者临床资料。根据受控衰减系数(controlled attenuation parameter,CAP)值将患者分为non-MAFLD组(<238 dB/m)134例和MAFLD组(≥238 dB/m)101例,观察2组患者的中医体质类型分布差异;根据体质量指数(BMI)值,将患者分为非肥胖组(<24.0 kg/m2)141例和超重/肥胖组(≥24.0 kg/m2)94例。运用Logistic回归分析CHB合并MAFLD的临床独立风险因素,采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响因素,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析影响因素对MAFLD的预测价值并确定其最佳截断值。【结果】(1)MAFLD组患者的体质构成中,以平和质(36.6%)、湿热质(20.8%)、痰湿质(14.9%)为主,3种体质的占比为72.3%。(2)MAFLD患者中,超重/肥胖组γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、BMI、全身脂肪量(TBFM)、全身肌肉量(TMM)、人体总水分(TBW)、细胞内液(ICW)、细胞外液(ECW)、体脂肪率(BFR)、内脏脂肪面积(VFA)、基础代谢量(BM)、躯干脂肪量(TFM)水平显著高于非肥胖组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(3)多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,白细胞计数(WBC)、血尿酸(UA)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、VFA是CHB人群中患MAFLD的临床影响因素。(4)ROC曲线分析结果显示,在CHB人群中年龄、TG、UA、VFA的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.532、0.680、0.738、0.859;在CHB人群、非肥胖CHB人群和超重/肥胖CHB人群的VFA的最佳临界值分别为74.98、66.5和112.2 cm^(2);在平和质、痰湿质、湿热质人群的VFA的最佳临界值分别为85.50、66.50和74.98 cm^(2)。各人群中VFA的AUC值均明显高于年龄、TG、UA,且多因素联合预测均高于其他单因素的预测价值。【结论】在CHB患者中VFA预测MAFLD风险的AUC值最高,随着VFA的切点水平增加,MAFLD发生的可能性增加;在非肥胖人群和超重/肥胖人群和不同中医体质人群的VFA的最佳临界值有所不同。

525例新生儿高胆红素血症病因构成及其对肝肾功能与心肌酶谱影响的研究

目的研究新生儿高胆红素血症患儿的病因构成以及不同程度胆红素水平对新生儿肝肾功能及心肌酶谱的影响,来了解该院新生儿高胆红素血症的主要病因以及不同程度胆红素水平对新生儿的危害,以便进行早期预防和及时治疗。方法回顾性分析2022年1月-2023年12月本院收治的525例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿的临床资料,根据TBIL水平将其分为轻度组、中度组、重度组,同期选择60名健康新生儿作为对照组,探究不同程度新生儿高胆红素血症对新生儿心肌酶谱、肝脏、肾脏的影响。结果在525例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿中,新生儿溶血、妊娠糖尿病、胎膜早破、宫内窘迫、早产儿是引起新生儿高胆红素血症的主要病因,部分病例存在多种病因混合情况。对照组、轻度组、中度组、重度组的新生儿的TBIL水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);四组间肝功能(ALT、AST、GGT)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肾功能比较CREA差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),BUN差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);心肌酶谱比较中CK、CK-MB、LDH差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);AST、GGT、ALT、CREA、CK、CK-MB、LDH与TBIL水平呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而BUN与TBIL水平无相关。结论新生儿高胆红素血症患儿中,新生儿溶血、妊娠糖尿病、胎膜早破、宫内窘迫、早产儿等围生期因素是病因的主要构成,且随着TBIL水平升高,对肝脏、肾脏、心脏等功能的损害程度也会增加,因此需要预防可能导致新生儿高胆红素血症的相关病因,并且密切关注患儿的肝脏、肾脏、心脏功能,及时监测病情进展,并采取相应治疗措施。

饥饿对于鲈肌肉、肝脏和血清主要生化组成的影响

于 2 2 93± 2 15℃条件下 ,在室外水泥池 (3m× 2m× 1m)中对正常鲈 (2 85 2 6± 6 5 4 g)和患脂肪肝病鲈 (4 6 4 71± 5 4 2 2g)进行为期 9周的饥饿处理。分别在实验开始后第 0周、 3周、 5周、 7周和 9周取样 ,以观察饥饿对于鲈内脏相对重量、肌肉肝脏和血清主要生化指标的影响。研究表明 ,鲈对饥饿耐受能力较强 ,在饥饿时首先快速动用肠系膜脂肪和肌肉脂肪作为能量供应 ,而在整个饥饿阶段则主要以肌肉蛋白质作为能量来源 ,肝脏中能源物质在饥饿中并无明显减少 ,故不是鲈饥饿时的主要供能物质。饥饿时 ,肌肉和肝脏中的水分和脂肪含量呈现负相关 ,尤其在肝脏中表现明显。鲈血清中脂肪酶、甘油三酯、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白在饥饿中表现出周期性和阶段性的变化 ,其中正常鲈表现出有规律的波浪状图形 ,而脂肪肝病鲈则表现出山峰状图形 ,说明脂肪肝病鲈代谢机制不如正常鲈灵敏 ,9周的饥饿并不能减轻或消除鲈的脂肪肝病.

锯缘青蟹营养成分分析

分析锯缘青蟹可食组分——肌肉、生殖腺和肝脏的含量及其营养成分 .其结果是雌雄蟹可食部分均占体重 64%左右 ;而各组分占可食部分比率 :肝脏为 1 0 .75% ;雌雄生殖腺分别为 1 6.52 %和 1 .83% ;肌肉为 59.30 % (雌蟹 )和 70 .84 % (雄蟹 ) .雌性生殖腺含水分最低 ( 54.69% ) ,含蛋白质最高 ( 30 .59% ) ,氨基酸评分最高 ( 93.58) .脂肪含量肝脏和雌性生殖腺较高 ( 1 5.68%和 1 4 .50 % ) ,肌肉最低 ( 0 .82 % ) ,但肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸 ( UFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸 ( PUFA)、EPA、DHA的含量最高 ,分别为 74 .58%、 4 7.83%、1 8.0 4 %、 1 3.52 % .肝脏灰分和 Ca含量最高 ,每 1 0 0 g分别含 2 .72 g和 580 mg.4组分均为高 K低 Na.每1 0 0 g各组分中的 Se含量均≥ 1 1 0μg.每 1 0 0 g雌生殖腺中胆固醇含量为 766.1

野生和人工养殖褐牙鲆亲鱼不同组织氨基酸的比较

为了探明野生和人工养殖褐牙鲆亲鱼的繁育性能和卵巢发育之间的关系,采用生物化学方法,将处于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期和Ⅴ期的野生和养殖褐牙鲆亲鱼中肌肉、肝脏及卵巢氨基酸含量分别进行测定,结果表明,(1)褐牙鲆肌肉、肝脏、卵巢3种组织器官中总氨基酸含量大小关系为肌肉>卵巢>肝脏;(2)发育同期的野生和养殖亲鱼肌肉中大部分氨基酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05),并且随着性腺的成熟,野生和养殖亲鱼肌肉中大部分氨基酸较为稳定,其中含量变化显著的必需氨基酸为蛋氨酸、组氨酸(P<0.05);(3)发育同期的养殖亲鱼肝脏中大部分氨基酸含量高于野生亲鱼,随着性腺发育,野生和养殖亲鱼肝脏中氨基酸含量呈明显上升趋势;(4)在Ⅴ期卵巢氨基酸组成中,除蛋氨酸、组氨酸含量存在显著差异外,野生和养殖亲鱼卵巢中氨基酸总量及必需氨基酸总量均不存在显著差异(P>0.05),同时,随着性腺发育,野生和养殖亲鱼卵巢中氨基酸含量呈明显上升趋势,差异显著的必需氨基酸有精氨酸、蛋氨酸、组氨酸(P<0.05)。

饮食治疗与抗氧化膳食补充剂对非酒精性脂肪性肝病的效果评价

背景非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)已成为我国第一大慢性肝脏疾病,并带来严重疾病负担。由于缺乏有效的药物,饮食治疗是NAFLD最基础也是最重要的方法。但对于如何实施营养治疗,开展效果监测与评价,目前仍欠缺具体指导与规范。目的探讨实施个体化精准营养治疗及在此基础上加用抗氧化膳食补充剂"葡萄籽提取物"对NAFLD患者的人体成分、肝脏硬度、肝功能及炎症等指标的影响。方法采用便利抽样法选择2018年4月—2019年7月广东省人民医院营养科及消化科脂肪肝亚专科门诊就诊的NAFLD患者100例为研究对象,按就诊顺序号随机分为饮食治疗组(n=50)和饮食治疗+抗氧化膳食补充剂组(简称:饮食治疗+补充剂组,n=50),饮食治疗组由营养专科医师按"改良限碳限能量低血糖负荷平衡膳食"原则给予患者个体化营养治疗,饮食治疗+补充剂组在饮食治疗组基础上,加用"葡萄籽提取物"2片/d。试验过程中9例患者脱落:饮食治疗组4例,饮食治疗+膳食补充剂组5例,予以剔除。记录患者的性别、年龄、身高、体质量、体质指数(BMI)、颈围、腰围、臀围、身体脂肪重量(FM)、肌肉质量(MM)、基础代谢率(BMR)、内脏脂肪等级(VFR)、肝脏硬度、受控衰减参数(CAP)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、总25羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、脂质蓄积指数(LAP)等指标,并比较两组间及治疗前后有无差异。结果剔除9例脱漏患者,最终91例患者完成了试验。两组患者治疗后BMI、颈围、腰围、臀围低于治疗前(P<0.05)。饮食治疗组患者治疗后体质量、FM、BMR、VFR、LAP、CAP、ALT、GGT、hs-CRP低于治疗前(P<0.05);饮食治疗+补充剂组患者治疗后体质量、FM、VFR、LAP、肝脏硬度、CAP、ALT、GGT、TG、FFA、hs-CRP低于治疗前,HDL-C、SOD高于治疗前(P<0.05)。饮食治疗+补充剂组患者治疗后FFA低于饮食治疗组,SOD高于饮食治疗组(P<0.05)。结论由营养医师制定并实施个体化精准营养治疗方案,定期跟踪随访,对NAFLD患者的各项指标的改善有明显作用,加用抗氧化膳食补充剂对改善NAFLD患者血脂代谢,降低FFA,升高SOD方面与饮食治疗有协同作用。