Theoretical Analysis on Deflection and Bearing Capacity of Prestressed Bamboo-Steel Composite Beams

A theoretical analysis of upward deflection and midspan deflection of prestressed bamboo-steel composite beams is presented in this study.The deflection analysis considers the influences of interface slippage and shear deformation.Furthermore,the calculation model for flexural capacity is proposed considering the two stages of loading.The theoretical results are verified with 8 specimens considering different prestressed load levels,load schemes,and prestress schemes.The results indicate that the proposed theoretical analysis provides a feasible prediction of the deflection and bearing capacity of bamboo-steel composite beams.For deflection analysis,the method considering the slippage and shear deformation provides better accuracy.The theoretical method for bearing capacity matches well with the test results,and the relative errors in the serviceability limit state and ultimate limit state are 4.95%and 5.85%,respectively,which meet the accuracy requirements of the engineered application.

Bearing Capacity and Technical Advantages of Composite Bucket Foundation of Offshore Wind Turbines

Based on mechanical characteristics such as large vertical load, large horizontal load, large bending moment and complex geological conditions, a large scale composite bucket foundation （CBF） is put forward. Both the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are employed to study the bearing capacity of CBF and the relationship between loads and ground deformation. Furthermore, monopile, high-rise pile cap, tripod and CBF designs are compared to analyze the bearing capacity and ground deformation, with a 3-MW wind generator as an example. The resuits indicate that CBF can effectively bear horizontal load and large bending moment resulting from upper structures and environmental load.

Study of the Bearing Capacity at the Variable Cross-Section of A Riser- Surface Casing Composite Pile

Reducing the cost of offshore platform construction is an urgent issue for marginal oilfield development.The offshore oil well structure includes a riser and a surface casing.The riser,surface casing and oil well cement can be considered special variable cross-section piles.Replacing or partially replacing the steel pipe pile foundation with a variable cross-section pile to provide the required bearing capacity for an offshore oil platform can reduce the cost of foundation construction and improve the economic efficiency of production.In this paper,the finite element analysis method is used to investigate the variable cross-section bearing mode of composite piles composed of a riser and a surface casing in saturated clay under a vertical load.The calculation formula of the bearing capacity at the variable section is derived based on the theory of spherical cavity expansion,the influencing factors of the bearing capacity coefficient N_(c) are revealed,and the calculation method of N_(c) is proposed.By comparing the calculation results with the results of the centrifuge test,the accuracy and applicability of the calculation method are verified.The results show that the riser composite pile has a rigid core in the soil under the variable cross-section,which increases the bearing capacity at the variable cross-section.

Bearing capacity and mechanical behavior of CFG pile composite foundation

CFG pile (i.e., pile constructed by granular materials of cement, fly-ash and gravel) composite foundation is applied in subsoil treatment widely and successfully. In order to have a further study of this kind of subsoil treatment technology, the influencing factors and calculation methods of the vertical bearing capacity of single CFG pile and the CFG pile composite foundation were discussed respectively. And based on the obtained solutions, effects by the cushion and measurements to reduce negative friction area were analyzed. Moreover, the developing law of settlement and bearing capacity eigenvalue controlled by the material strength with the increase of load were given for the CFG composite foundation. The in-situ static load test was tested for CFG pile. The results of test show that the maximum test load or half of the ultimate load is used from all the points of test, the average bearing capacity eigenvalue of single pile is 390 kN, and slightly greater than the design value of bearing capacity. The bearing capacity eigenvalues of composite foundation for 3 piles are greater than 300 kPa, and the mechanical properties of CFG pile composite foundation are almost identical in the case of the same load and cushion thickness. The pile-soil stress ratio and the load-sharing ratio can be adjusted through setting up cushion thickness.

Experimental Investigation on Low-Velocity Impact Response and Residual Compressive Bearing Capacity of Composite Stringers

Three types of composite stringers were impacted from two different directions.Relationships between impact energy and visible defect length were found.The critical impact energy corresponding to barely visible impact damage(BVID)of each stringer was determined.Specimens with BVID were then compressed to obtain the residual strength.Experimental results showed that for all types of stringers,the critical energy of in-plane impact is always much lower than out-plane ones.In-plane impact causes much more decrement of stringers'bearing capacity than outplane impact.For both impact directions,I-stringers own the highest defect detectability,T-stringers come second.Meanwhile,I-stringers own the better residual strength ratio than I-stringers and I-stringers.Synthetic considering impact defect detectability and residual bearing capacity after impact,T-stringers own the best compression-afterimpact(CAI)behaviors.

Ultimate negative bending-moment capacity of outer-plated steel-concrete continuous composite beams

Static load tests and bearing capacity analyses are carried out for two outer-plated steel-concrete continuous composite beams. The load-deflection curve and the load-strain curve of specimens are obtained and analyzed. The test results indicate that effective cooperation can be achieved by the shearresistant connection between the reinforcement in the negative moment area and the outer-plated steel beam, and the overall working performance of the composite beams is favorable. At the load-bearing limiting state, the plastic strain on the maximum negative and positive moment section becomes fully developed so as to form relatively ideal plastic hinges. With the increase in the reinforcement ratio, the moment-carrying capacity of the composite beams improves significantly, but the ductility of the beams and the rotation ability of the plastic hinges decrease. The formulae for calculating the limit bending capacity in the negative moment area of outer-plated steel-concrete composite beams are proposed based on the test data. The calculated results agree well with the test results.

Stability Analysis of Space Compcoite Structore and Its Ultimate Bearing Capacity

In this paper, using incremental equilibrium equation, the authors have studiedthe effeet of ultimate bearing capacity of every component on structuralstability, and discussed the stability analysis method for space compositestructures. With the help of the test results for the concrete filled ateel tubeskeleton of the long-spen RC arch bridse, it is proved that the proposed methodis accurate and reliable.

型钢-UHPC轻型组合桥面板及其抗弯性能研究

正交异性钢桥面是目前800m以上国内外特大跨径钢桥的唯一选择,主因是自重轻、强度高、架设方便。但其存在疲劳开裂风险大、运维成本高的缺点。随着高性能材料UHPC的研发和应用,为构建自重轻、病害少、经济性好的桥面新结构提供了可能性。经过多年研究,作者提出一种新型桥面板结构——型钢-UHPC轻型组合桥面结构,将型钢、钢板条与UHPC组合,桥面板的形成无任何板件焊接,因而具有高抗疲劳性,且与传统钢桥面相比,自重持平、造价减半,可作为除“正交异性钢桥面”外的“第二种”大跨径钢桥的桥面结构方案。该文研究这种轻型组合桥面板预制板及横向接缝的抗弯性能,制作4个条带模型(包括2个预制板试件和2个接缝试件),开展三点弯曲的横向接缝负弯矩试验和预制板正弯矩试验,并对试验结果进行分析;基于“条带法”建立预制板试件极限承载力计算模型,提出接缝试件的UHPC开裂名义拉应力计算方法;基于某斜拉桥应用实例,进行整体计算和局部计算,验证新型组合桥面结构在实桥上应用的可行性。研究结果表明:(1)型钢与UHPC间在极限状态前相对滑移非常小,具有良好的协同受力性能;(2)预制板试件的正弯矩极限承载力以型钢屈服控制,而接缝试件负弯矩极限承载力以UHPC开裂和加密钢筋断裂控制;(3)接缝试件的“T形”接缝、加密钢筋、燕尾形的企口、交错式切割型钢钢条等构造设计对接缝整体抗弯拉性能有很好的提高效果;(4)预制板试件极限承载力计算模型所得计算值与试验值吻合良好,该模型搭配名义拉应力计算方法,可帮助工程实际问题的设计与应用;(5)试验结果与实桥的有限元计算值相比,新型桥面结构均有1.3倍以上的安全系数,新型组合桥面应用于实桥具有可行性。

L形内置钢板混凝土组合剪力墙抗剪性能分析

为揭示L形内置钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的工作机理并提出其抗剪承载力计算公式,首先建立了非线性有限元模型,并通过试验结果进行了验证。在此基础上研究了高宽比、轴压比、钢板厚度、混凝土强度、翼缘长度等参数对剪力墙抗剪性能的影响。最后,提出了剪力墙的抗剪承载力计算公式。结果表明:剪力墙在受力过程中,腹板是主要受力构件;随着高宽比的减小,剪力墙的抗剪承载力和初始抗侧刚度增大;随着轴压比的增大,剪力墙的抗剪承载力增大,但当轴压比超过0.5时,抗剪承载力开始降低;将所提出的剪力墙抗剪承载力计算公式与现有的计算公式相比,计算结果误差较小,可以为工程应用提供参考。

部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁抗剪试验研究

目的为研究部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁的抗剪性能,方法对4根倒置组合梁试件通过三点加载方式进行了静载试验,通过研究其负弯矩作用下的破坏形态及变形特征,得到了组合梁的荷载-挠度曲线、应变分布、荷载-滑移曲线、最终破坏形态等。结果试验研究结果表明:UHPC翼板显著提升了组合梁的变形能力和极限承载力;相较于试件SUCB-3(NC翼板),试件SUCB-1(1/2UHPC翼板和SUCB-4(全UHPC翼板))的承载力分别提高了18.2%和27.3%,变形能力则分别增强了38.02%和41.2%;钢纤维的添加能有效地抑制翼板裂缝的开展,钢纤维掺量从0提高到2%,试件的最大裂缝宽度从1.06 mm降低到0.92 mm,变形能力增强了23.61%,承载力则提高了4%。结论提出了考虑钢箱、UHPC翼板和充填混凝土贡献的组合梁抗剪承载力计算公式。

装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构抗震性能

为研究装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构抗震性能,对1个足尺轻钢框架结构试件和3个足尺轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构试件进行了低周反复荷载下的抗震性能试验及理论分析,试件变量包括:2种装配构造,即内嵌式装配墙板、外贴式装配墙板;2种轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板,即框架式轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板、桁架式轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板。研究了各试件的破坏特征和损伤演化过程,分析了结构滞回特性、承载力、变形能力、刚度退化、耗能性能和应变。结果表明:装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构共同工作性能良好,其水平承载力相比轻钢框架提高了204.7%~210.4%,抗侧刚度提高了257.3%~512.5%,结构变形及耗能能力有显著提高;内嵌墙板的自攻钉连接构造以及外贴墙板的螺栓连接构造传力性能可靠,结构具备2道抗震防线的受力特征;基于简化塑性分析模型以及拉压杆软化桁架模型,对试件承载力进行了计算,计算结果与试验符合较好。

GFRP布无损加固输电铁塔角钢受力性能研究

针对现役输电铁塔在覆冰、风荷载、边坡变形等作用下可能存在承载力不足的问题,研究玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP)布无损加固铁塔角钢的受力性能。首先,利用文献中的物理试验对加固钢材数值试验方法进行验证;其次,以铁塔角钢为研究对象,基于验证的数值试验方法建立72组有限元分析模型,探讨长细比、GFRP布粘贴层数、粘贴长度等因素对角钢极限承载力的影响;最后,推导并改进GFRP布角钢复合构件理论承载力计算方法。结果表明:不同长细比对构件极限承载力影响较大,当角钢长细比大于70时,加固后的承载力提升不明显;增加GFRP布粘贴层数,角钢承载力大幅提升,粘贴8层GFRP布的承载力提升率最高达41.03%;柱中GFRP布粘贴长度为75%与粘贴长度为100%的角钢极限承载力相比提升不大,仅为0.27%~2.10%;对推导的GFRP布角钢复合构件理论承载力计算方法引入修正系数后,数值试验与理论计算值相对误差缩小至-2.70%~1.77%,有效提升理论解计算精度。在对现役铁塔加固时,只需对角钢全长的75%粘贴6~8层GFRP布进行加固,且对于长细比λ≤70的角钢加固效果更好。

上砂下黏地层中桩-筒复合基础V-H承载特性

海上风机基础不仅受自重等竖向力V作用,也因水流、波浪和风等影响而承受水平荷载H。为探讨上砂下黏地层中一种由单桩和吸力筒组成的新型海上风机桩-筒复合基础受V-H组合作用时的承载特性,自主设计完成了一系列室内桩-筒复合基础V-H组合加载模型试验,获得不同组合参数下桩-筒复合基础的荷载-位移曲线和桩身弯矩分布曲线,并绘制出V-H承载力包络线。在此基础上,采用ABAQUS建立了上砂下黏地层中桩-筒复合基础三维数值分析模型,经模型验证与参数分析,进一步讨论了砂土厚度、筒径、筒高以及加载高度等参数对桩-筒复合基础承载特性的影响曲线,并拟合出桩-筒复合基础承载力简化计算公式,分析结果表明:桩-筒复合基础能显著提高桩身水平承载力,增幅达30%~90%,且增加筒径比增加筒高更有利于提高基础水平承载力;上部砂土层较厚时,桩-筒复合基础存在一个使复合基础水平承载力达到最大的预加竖向荷载最佳值,其值随不同载荷工况在(0.4~0.7)Vult范围内变化。

平钢板-UHPC组合桥面板纵向抗负弯性能试验研究

某大桥次边跨及中跨主梁为钢-UHPC组合梁,钢-UHPC组合梁的桥面板首次采用一种通过PBL剪力键将8 mm平钢板与15 cm的UHPC层连接起来的新型组合桥面体系。为了探究该桥新型钢-UHPC组合桥面板抗负弯矩性能与安全性,完成了2块足尺模型的静力性能试验,进行了桥梁整体受力和桥面板局部受力计算,以及桥面板抗负弯矩极限承载力构成分析。结果表明:UHPC名义开裂强度达8.90 MPa以上,其值远大于实桥荷载作用下UHPC层上缘的纵桥向最大拉应力,组合桥面板负弯矩抗裂性能良好,能满足工程需求;组合桥面板抗负弯承载力的计算,UHPC受拉本构宜采用三折线模型,抗负弯承载力简化计算的UHPC受拉区等效均布应力折减系数可取0.76,抗负弯承载力状态的受压钢板受力仍处于线弹性阶段,抗负弯破坏模式与抗正弯明显不同,为受拉钢筋拉断;PBL剪力键能保证了钢板与UHPC板整体共同受力;组合桥面板在负弯矩作用下的延性良好,裂宽增长缓慢,UHPC的名义极限强度达名义开裂强度的4.1倍以上,到达极限荷载后,组合板承载力没有明显下降。

海上风电单柱复合筒型基础承载特性

文章针对一种新型海上风机基础型式的单柱复合筒型基础的承载特性,在砂土中进行了小比尺物理模型试验。试验中采用了位移控制的水平单调加载方式,选择加载速度与压载为变量,得到水平承载力荷载位移曲线。试验结果表明,基础极限承载力与加载速度和压载质量均呈正相关。得出了基础在加载过程中不同舱内孔隙水压力的变化规律。

锚杆钢-木组合托盘极限承载力学性能研究

为降低动压冲击对支护系统的破坏,适应大变形巷道的需要;基于球壳结构理论构建锚杆拱形钢托盘承载力学模型,给出钢托盘最大承载力计算式,分析钢托盘各参数尺寸对其承载力的影响关系,研究木托盘压缩实验特征;通过Abaqus软件对钢托盘与组合托盘开展有限元静态力学强度实验,对比分析钢托盘与组合托盘受压状态下的不同特征,分析让压距离对组合托盘承载性能的影响规律。结果表明:对钢托盘承载力的影响顺序为拱高>拱底圆半径>孔口半径,拱高与承载力服从对数增加关系,拱底圆半径、孔口半径与托盘承载力基本成线性增加关系;钢-木组合托盘中木托盘先受力,并经历了压密阶段、弹性变形阶段和塑性变形阶段,木托盘被压缩可降低钢托盘30.03%的承载受力,组合托盘的应力-位移曲线右移,组合托盘的极限承载力增加;钢托盘受压破坏从孔口处开始,基本成圆形向四周扩展,托盘底部四边中间区域与四角区域形成的高应力差是导致托盘四角破坏的主要原因。

岩棉复合保温外模板承载力及温度效应分析

为了提高建筑外围护结构施工效率及解决传统外保温系统长期存在的易脱落和易着火问题,提出了一种集保温和建筑模板于一体的岩棉复合保温外模板(RW-CIEF)体系。RW-CIEF由内到外依次为内侧加强层、岩棉保温芯材、黏结层、保温过渡层以及外侧加强层。以哈尔滨市为例,基于全寿命周期成本(life cycle cost,C lc)确定了岩棉保温芯材的最佳厚度。采用有限元分析与理论计算相结合的方法探求了RW-CIEF在工程中的可行性,分析了RW-CIEF的抗弯性能、施工承载力及温度效应下的应力和变形,讨论了开槽形式、开槽宽度、开槽深度以及开槽间距对RW-CIEF抗弯性能的影响。结果表明:RW-CIEF的抗弯性能理论计算结果与有限元分析结果有较高的一致性;开槽处理可有效提高RW-CIEF的抗弯性能,综合抗弯性能、热工特性及加工角度,建议开槽形式选用对应开井字槽或对应开纵槽,开槽深度和宽度均为10 mm,开槽间距为150 mm;设计的RW-CIEF满足施工承载力,可保证外围护结构保温工程施工质量;由温度效应产生的最大拉应力和压应力均未超过RW-CIEF的外侧加强层承载力,反映出RW-CIEF出现夏季空鼓或冬季开裂现象的可能性极小。提出的RW-CIEF体系可为外围护结构保温工程及建筑模板工程未来研究方向提供一种新的思路和方法。

新型部分填充钢-混凝土组合梁受剪性能试验及有限元模拟研究

采用合理的材料本构关系,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立足尺有限元模型,对新型部分填充钢-混凝土组合梁进行受剪承载力分析。结合试验研究,通过改变剪跨比、型钢强度等级、梁高度、型钢腹板厚度、翼缘栓钉间距等因素对新型组合梁组合截面受剪承载力进行了研究。结果表明,新型组合梁有较好的受剪承载力,混凝土强度等级和新型组合梁高度对峰值承载力的影响不显著,但混凝土显著提高了新型组合梁的整体稳定性;而新型组合梁高度每增加50mm,其峰值剪力值约提高7%~21%;型钢腹板厚度每增大2mm,新型组合梁峰值剪力就提高10%左右,腹板对其受剪承载力影响较大。运用叠加原理,结合腹板、翼缘内侧混凝土、翼缘栓钉和箍筋的受剪贡献,对《组合结构设计规范》(JGJ 138—2016)中组合梁截面受剪承载力计算公式进行了优化。结果表明,修正后的计算公式具有良好精度。

超高层建筑复合桩基承载力可靠度仿真分析

为提高超高层建筑的安全性,提出一种超高层建筑复合桩基承载力可靠度仿真分析方法。建立函数关系式,分别计算柔性桩和刚性桩的极限承载力,分析桩侧摩擦力、桩端阻力以及桩长变化参数对承载力的影响;考虑超高层建筑安全系数和土层性质,利用恒载、活载指标评估复合桩基的荷载效应,建立随机变量计算模型获得不同可靠度指标的标准差,在融合各参数指标下完成对复合桩基承载力可靠度的最终计算。经仿真证明,所提计算方法得到的计算值与实际测量值非常接近,说明该方法的分析结果准确度较高,具有一定的应用价值。

低周反复荷载下T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙受力性能试验研究

为研究低周反复荷载下T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的受力性能,对5个T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙进行了低周反复加载试验。基于试验数据,分析了T型组合剪力墙的破坏模式、滞回曲线、变形能力及耗能能力,重点研究了边缘约束条件、波纹类型以及轴压比不同变化参数对T型组合剪力墙抗震性能指标的影响规律。研究结果表明:T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙破坏模式主要有压屈破坏和压弯破坏两种;设置边缘约束构件是提高T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙承载能力和变形能力的关键因素;纵向窄波纹钢板对内部混凝土的约束能力更强,在低周反复荷载下两者协同工作性更优,而横向窄波纹钢板试件强度退化最严重;采用全截面塑性设计方法进行T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙正截面承载力计算,试验值与计算值吻合良好;T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙具有较好的承载能力和变形能力,可适用于高层及超高层建筑结构中。